Effects of mood states and team identification on pricing in the secondary ticket market

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Khalid Ballouli ◽  
Jason Reese ◽  
Brandon Brown
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
Sport Events

Purpose Although current literature offers support for understanding sport consumer behavior from psychological and sociological perspectives, there is a lack of research that examines the effect of one’s emotional response to team outcomes on subsequent economic decisions. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by studying how emotional responses to sport events moderate a typical endowment bias in the secondary ticket market. Design/methodology/approach This research comprised a 3×2×2 between-participants design with emotional state (positive, negative, and neutral), role (seller, buyer), and fan identification (high, low) as the three factors. Prospect theory and social identity theory guided hypothesis development whereby it was proposed that, depending on the affective response of study participants to positive, negative, or neutral publicity concerning the team, team identification would impact the transaction function (buyers vs sellers) on price values for tickets to a future event. Findings Findings revealed an interaction effect of emotions and team identification on the endowment effect to the extent that bargaining gaps between sellers and buyers increased or decreased depending on mood states and levels of identification with the team. Originality/value This study adds to the literature on emotions and the key role they play in effecting pricing decisions and consumer behavior, especially given fan identification is such a significant area of study with numerous implications for sport business and management.

Social responsibility and event-sponsor portfolio fit

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeline Close Scheinbaum ◽  
Russell Lacey ◽  
Minnette Drumwright
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
High Event ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the outcomes of consumer perceptions of event social responsibility (ESR) for a sponsored community event and its sponsor portfolio (i.e. group of sponsoring companies). It integrates a new antecedent and new moderators of ESR with extant findings to provide a comprehensive model that is theoretically grounded in social identity theory, congruency theory and image and affect transfer. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the theoretical framework via a field study of attendees (n = 879) at a sponsored, large-scale sporting event that provided ESR through health and wellness education and activities. A field study is especially appropriate because of the experiential nature of sponsored events and ESR. Findings Fan identification with the sport is an antecedent of ESR, and motivation to attend the event’s supporting activities moderates the relationship between fan identification and ESR. High event-sponsor fit strengthens the relationship between ESR and word-of-mouth and between ESR and sponsor patronage. Research limitations/implications This study illuminates the role of ESR as a key driver of outcomes for events and for their sponsor portfolio. Future research should investigate ESR in contexts other than sport and use longitudinal data that include actual purchases. It should further examine the construct of sponsor portfolio because so many events have multiple sponsors Practical implications Event sponsorship offers an attractive platform for brands to demonstrate good corporate citizenship; therefore, marketers should consider ESR as a key criterion when selecting events to sponsor. Marketers should sponsor events with high event-sponsor portfolio fit to enhance the outcomes related to ESR for both sponsors and events. This research generally underscores the importance of creating auxiliary, interactive experiences for event attendees. Social implications ESR entails that events should contribute or give back to the local communities and organizations in a charitable way to both help give back socially and to maximize success as measured by electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and sponsor patronage toward brands sponsoring the event. Originality/value This research identifies a new antecedent and new moderators of ESR and integrates them with extant findings to create a comprehensive, theoretically grounded model. It investigates outcomes for both the event and its sponsor portfolio, in contrast to the scholarship that tends to focus on the (title) sponsor.

Linking servant leadership to employee creativity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Jin Yang ◽  
Cuiping Ma ◽  
Jibao Gu ◽  
Hefu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Employee Creativity ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership Influence ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to put forth a model that accounts for the effect of servant leadership on employee creativity from a social identity perspective. Specifically, this paper aims to examine team identification as the mediating mechanism by which servant leadership influence employee creativity. This paper also intends to investigate the moderating influences of horizontal and vertical collectivism on the effectiveness of servant leadership on follower team identification. Design/methodology/approach Servant leadership, team identification, collectivism (consisted of horizontal and vertical collectivism) and employee creativity were assessed in an empirical study based on a sample of 451 employees from 11 banks in China. Findings Drawing on social identity theory, this study found that follower team identification partially mediates the relationship between servant leadership and employee creativity. In addition, results showed that horizontal collectivism moderates the relationship between servant leadership and follower team identification; the relationship was more positive when horizontal collectivism was high, rather than low; vertical collectivism also moderates the relationship between servant leadership and follower team identification; the relationship was more positive when vertical collectivism was low, rather than high. However, results of this study indicated that the moderated mediation effects of team identification on the relationship between servant leadership and employee creativity are nonsignificant. Practical implications First, this research affirmed the need to promote servant leadership in employment settings. Second, managers’ understandings of the instrumental role of servant leadership in showing interpersonal acceptance, offering encouragement and support and expressing trust would prove to be valuable because it could enhance employee creativity. Finally, the findings from this study should help managers gain a better understanding of the contextual factors. Originality/value The first contribution of the current study was to identify team identification as an important psychological process that can link servant leadership to employee creativity. Another important contribution of the current research was the identification of the boundary conditions (e.g. horizontal and vertical collectivism).

The Influence of Personal Values and Goals on Cognitive and Behavioral Involvement in Sport

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Lee ◽  
Galen Trail
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
Game Attendance ◽  
Practical Implications

This exploratory study examined the relationships among personal values, life goals, and individuals’ cognitive and behavioral involvement in sport. Multiple regression analyses revealed that personal values and goals explained a small to large amount of variance in General Sport Fanship (28%), Team Identification (28%), Televised Sports Viewership (19%), Game Attendance (13%), Internet Use specific to Sport (13%), Sport Listenership (12%), Sport Merchandise Purchasing (9%), and Sport Readership (8%). Comprehending the practical implications of identifying personal values, and in some cases personal goals, that influence cognitive loyalty and sport consumer behavior might improve sport marketers’ abilities to predict various types of sport involvement.

Coping With Athlete Endorsers’ Immoral Behavior: Roles of Athlete Identification and Moral Emotions on Moral Reasoning Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Sung Lee ◽  
Dae Hee Kwak ◽  
Jessica R. Braunstein-Minkove
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Immoral Behavior ◽  
Sport Consumer Behavior ◽  
The Individual

Athlete endorsers’ transgressions pose a dilemma for loyal fans who have established emotional attachments toward the individual. However, little is known regarding how fans maintain their support for the wrongdoer. Drawing on moral psychology and social identity theory, the current study proposes and examines a conceptual model incorporating athlete identification, moral emotions, moral reasoning strategies, and consumer evaluations. By using an actual scandal involving an NFL player (i.e., Ray Rice), the results show that fan identification suppresses the experience of negative moral emotions but facilitates fans’ moral disengagement processes, which enables fans to support the wrongdoer. Moreover, negative moral emotions motivate the moral coupling process. Findings contribute to the sport consumer behavior literature that highly identified fans seem to regulate negative emotions but deliberately select moral disengagement reasoning strategies to maintain their positive stance toward the wrongdoer and associated brands.

Event and community involvement of sport event volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin Hallmann ◽  
Anita Zehrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Sport Event Volunteers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential interrelationship between different types of volunteer involvement (event involvement and community involvement) and their impact on the behavioural intentions of different types of events. Design/methodology/approach By means of a survey, data from an one-off sport event (n=316), including volunteer tourists, and from annual sport events (n=278) in Germany were collected. Structural equation modelling was employed for data analysis. Findings Findings show that event involvement and community involvement are significantly correlated. Both influence future behavioural intentions for one-off events. But only event involvement and not community involvement influences behavioural intentions for annual events. Research limitations/implications The findings are underpinning the rationale of social identity theory from a theoretical perspective. Practical implications Volunteer managers learn that not only the volunteers’ involvement with event organisations, but also with the community (i.e. hosting destination) seems to be a key contributor of behavioural intentions and should therefore be fostered during the recruitment process and prior to the event. Originality/value This study is the first to compare involvement with two objects for different types of events. Therefore, this study adds to the rare literature looking at different event types in which an individual can volunteer.

scholarly journals Adding insult to rivalry: Exploring the discord communicated between rivals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-649
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Harker ◽  
Jonathan A. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Data Collection Approach

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to extend current knowledge regarding rivalry communication among sport consumers to better understand how rivals behave with one another when they communicate.Design/methodology/approachThis national survey of US sport consumers used a novel approach to explore whether and with whom rivals discuss National Football League (NFL) game outcomes. The survey captured both uniplex and multiplex data by asking respondents to name rival discussants with whom they had recently interacted, and the fan behaviors they exchanged with those named rival discussants.FindingsThrough use of this novel data collection approach, new findings were uncovered related to blasting, glory out of reflective failure, schadenfreude and the influence of team identification on the exchange of rivalry fan behaviors. The results of the uniplex and multiplex data analyses uniquely showcase the ways in which social identity theory combines with team identification to enact rivalry behavior.Originality/valueThis research is the first to precisely dichotomize the psychological antecedents from the communicated behavior between rival fans. Results reveal the precise ways in which team identification influences discordant communication between rival fans, which differs from past research in an interesting new way.

Off-Field Behavior of Athletes and Team Identification: Using Social Identity Theory and Balance Theory to Explain Fan Reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet S. Fink ◽  
Heidi M. Parker ◽  
Martin Brett ◽  
Julie Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Balance Theory ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
The Difference

In the current article, we extend the literature on fan identification and social identity theory by examining the effects of unscrupulous off-field behaviors of athletes. In doing so, we drew from both social identity theory and Heider’s balance theory to hypothesize a significant interaction between fan identification level and leadership response on fans’ subsequent levels of identification. An experimental study was performed and a 2 (high, low identification) × 2 (weak, strong leadership response) ANOVA was conducted with the pre to post difference score in team identification as the dependent variable. There was a significant interaction effect (F(2, 80)= 23.71,p< .001) which explained 23% of the variance in the difference between prepost test scores. The results provide evidence that unscrupulous acts by athletes off the field of play can impact levels of team identification, particularly for highly identified fans exposed to a weak leadership response. The results are discussed relative to appropriate theory. Practical implications and suggestions for future research are also forwarded.

scholarly journals Antecedents and consequences of sponsor-stadium fit

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakazawa ◽  
Masayuki Yoshida ◽  
Brian S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Congruity Theory ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences

Purpose Integrating several streams of theoretical reasoning such as social identity theory, congruity theory and the customer gratitude approach, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model of the antecedents and consequences of sponsor-stadium fit and examine the hypothesised relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from professional football spectators in a non-historic stadium context (n=342). Through a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the authors assessed the antecedents and consequences of sponsor-stadium fit. Findings Based on the results, team identification and prior sponsor attitude were found to be the dominant factors in enhancing sponsor-stadium fit. Furthermore, the indirect effects of team identification on purchase intentions through sponsor-stadium fit and gratitude towards the sponsor were positive and significant. Research limitations/implications When renaming non-historic stadiums of relatively new sport teams, sponsors that present a team-related brand identity can create a preference and image fit with stadiums. The findings serve to advance the literature on stadium sponsorship particularly at non-historic stadiums. Originality/value In its conceptualisation of sponsor-stadium fit, the current study extends previous research that has focused primarily on sponsor-event fit.

“All in One Rhythm”: Measuring the National Team Identification of Host Residents and Event Sport Tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Kerr ◽  
Ashlee Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Fan Identification ◽  
National Team ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
International Event ◽  
Sport Spectator ◽  
Spectator Identification

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fan identification of host residents and international event sport tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is used to measure identification with national football teams through the lens of social identity theory. A case study approach saw survey data (n=706) collected at the official FIFA Fan Fest in Natal, Brazil. Both host residents and event sport tourists reported high levels of identification with the national team they supported. The data was analysed using SPSS 26.0 and the length of time one had been a fan was found to be positively correlated with strength of identification. There was no relationship found between gender nor supporter age and their strength of team identification. This study demonstrates that the SSIS can be used to measure the level of psychological connection supporters have with national football teams. The findings are particularly pertinent for events expanding their servicescape to include fan zones or other activation sites similar to the FIFA Fan Fests.

Understanding motives for attending charity sport events in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supawat Meeprom ◽  
Warapon Dansiri
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Event Identification ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Sport Events

Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of motives for attending charity sport events on perceptions of self-congruity and charity sport event identification. It also examined the mediating role of self-congruity on the relationships between motives for attending charity sport events and charity sport event identification. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through an online self-administered survey of 330 participants who had attended charity sport events in Thailand. A series of multiple regressions and the PROCESS macro method were used for analysing direct and indirect effects. Findings The results clearly indicated that physical and charitable motives had a significant impact on event identification. While physical, social and charitable motives had an impact on self-congruity, self-congruity had a greater impact on event identification. The role of self-congruity, meanwhile, mediated the relationship between physical, social, enjoyment and charitable motives and the event identification. Research limitations/implications The results of this study contribute to the extension of the body of knowledge, especially in regard to special events and charitable foundations where the proposed relationships have yet to be studied. Originality/value Using the social identity theory as a theoretical background, the study adds to the comprehensive understanding of social and psychological motives to build an identity and enhance a strong sense of identification and belonging to a charity sport event.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document