Bird strike analysis of jet engine fan blade

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narender Lakshman ◽  
Ratnesh Raj ◽  
Yagnavalkya Mukkamala
Keyword(s):  
Bird Strike ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Fan Blade

Numerical Simulation of Bird Strike Damage on Jet Engine Fan Blade

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Shimamura ◽  
Tadashi Shibue ◽  
Donald J. Grosch
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Soft Body ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Problem ◽  
Numerical Simulation Technique ◽  
Good Agreement

Aircraft jet engine should be designed to keep the required performance against for the event of foreign object ingestion, such as bird-strike. For the purpose to realize highly efficient and more advanced design of fan blade of jet engine, a numerical simulation technique for bird-strike problem has developed. Good agreement was obtained between simulation results and the soft body impact tests described in this paper. It was also shown that bird-strike problem has to be recognized as a fluid-structure interaction problem, because the impacted bird behaves like fluid and the impact force is highly influenced by the deformation of fan blade.

Dynamic Loading on Turbofan Blades Due to Bird-Strike

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Sinha ◽  
Kevin E. Turner ◽  
Nitesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Time History ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Dynamic Loading Condition ◽  
Fan Blade

In the present paper, a hydrodynamic bird material model made up of water and air mixture is developed, which produces good correlation with the measured strain-gauge test data in a panel test. This parametric bird projectile model is used to generate the time-history of the transient dynamic loads on the turbofan engine blades for different size birds impacting at varying span locations of the fan blade. The problem is formulated in 3D vector dynamics equations using a nonlinear trajectory analysis approach. The analytical derivation captures the physics of the slicing process by considering the incoming bird in the shape of a cylindrical impactor as it comes into contact with the rotating fan blades modeled as a pretwisted plate with a camber. The contact-impact dynamic loading on the airfoil produced during the bird-strike is determined by solving the coupled nonlinear dynamical equations governing the movement of the bird-slice in time-domain using a sixth-order Runge-Kutta technique. The analytically predicted family of load time-history curves enables the blade designer to readily identify the critical impact location for peak dynamic loading condition during the bird-ingestion tests mandated for certification by the regulatory agencies.

Numerical Simulation of Bird Strike on Jet Engine Considering Bird Ingestion Requirements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Junjie Li ◽  
Yunfeng Lou ◽  
Xianghai Chai ◽  
Zhiqiang Ma ◽  
Xianlong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Jet Engine

scholarly journals Numerical Study on the Critical Frequency Response of Jet Engine Rotors for Blade-Off Conditions against Bird Strike

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Badshah ◽  
Ahsan Naeem ◽  
Amer Farhan Rafique ◽  
Ihsan Ul Haq ◽  
Suheel Abdullah Malik
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Critical Frequency ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Critical Mode ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Engine Rotor

Vibrations are usually induced in aero engines under their normal operating conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the critical frequencies of the rotating components carefully. Blade deformation of a jet engine under its normal operating conditions due to fatigue or bird strike is a realistic possibility. This puts the deformed blade as one of the major safety concerns in commercially operating civil aviation. A bird strike introduces unbalanced forces and non-linearities into the engine rotor system. Such dynamic behavior is a primary cause of catastrophic failures. The introduction of unbalanced forces due to a deformed blade, as a result of a bird strike, can change the critical frequency behavior of engine rotor systems. Therefore, it is necessary to predict their critical frequencies and dynamic behavior carefully. The simplified approach of the one-dimensional and two-dimensional elements can be used to predict critical frequencies and critical mode shapes in many cases, but the use of three-dimensional elements is the best method to achieve the goals of a modal analysis. This research explores the effect of a bird strike on the critical frequencies of an engine rotor. The changes in critical mode shapes and critical frequencies as a result of a bird strike on an engine blade are studied in this research. Commercially available analysis software ANSYS version 18.2 is used in this study. In order to account for the material nonlinearities, a Johnson Cook material model is used for the fan blades and an isotropic–elastic–plastic–hydrodynamic material model is used for modeling the bird. The bird strike event is analyzed using Eularian and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) techniques. A difference of 0.1% is noted in the results of both techniques. In the modal analysis simulation of the engine rotor before and after the bird strike event, the critical failure modes remain same. However, a change in the critical frequencies of the modes is observed. An increase in the critical frequencies and excitation RPMs (revolution per minute) of each mode are observed. As the mode order is increased, the higher the rise in critical frequency and excitation RPMs. Also, a change in the whirl direction of the different modes is noted.

J0110103 A dynamic behavior analysis of jet-engine fan blade under impact loading

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (0) ◽  
pp. _J0110103--_J0110103-
Author(s):  
Bidhar Kumar SUJIT ◽  
Yoshinori SHIIHARA ◽  
Nobuhiro YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Hiroshi KUROKI ◽  
Masahiro HOJO
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Fan Blade

Adjoint-Based Optimization of a Modern Jet-Engine Fan Blade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giugno ◽  
Shahrokh Shahpar ◽  
Alberto Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Design Space ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Discrete Adjoint ◽  
Active Design ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
Adjoint Gradient ◽  
Real Test

Abstract A Multi-point Approximation Method (MAM) coupled with adjoint is presented to increase the efficiency of a modern jet-engine fan blade. The study performed makes use of Rolls-Royce in-house suite of codes and its discrete adjoint capability. The adjoint gradient is used along with MAM to create a Design Of Experiment to enhance the optimization process. A generalized Free-Form Deformation (FFD) technique is used to parametrize the geometry, creating a design space of 180 parameters. The resulting optimum blade at design conditions is then evaluated at off-design conditions to produce the characteristic curve, which is compared with real test data. Finally, a preliminary Active Design Subspace (ADS) representing the fan efficiency is created to evaluate the robustness of the objective function in respect to the most significant design parameters. The ADS allows to collapse a large design space of the order of hundreds parameters to the few most important variables, measuring their contribution. This map is valuable in many respects to the fan designers and manufacture engineers to identify any ridges where the performance may deteriorate rapidly, hence a more robust part of the design space can easily be visualized and identified.

scholarly journals APLIKASI CFD DALAM PENENTUAN PERFORMA MESIN TURBOFAN MODEL CFM56-5B YANG MENGALAMI CACAT PADA KIPAS UNTUK KEPUTUSAN MAINTENANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Vicky Wuwung ◽  
Puspa Wandani ◽  
Carolus Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Turbofan Engine ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Maintenance Decision ◽  
Fan Blade ◽  
Safe Condition

This paper deals with the study of damage assessment that occurred on the fan blade of turbofan engine CFM 56-5B. The damage requires a maintenance decision, whether a fan blade is still capable to be used or needs to be repaired/replaced. Although regulations stipulate that such damage is still acceptable, but it should be studied in terms of performance, whether the fan still can give a good performance or not. The study was conducted by simulating CF M56-5B on CFD-Numeca software with the fan blade in good and defects conditions. The defects on all the blade is a dent lies on 70% span blade with 0.069” depth on the leading edge to simulate the damage caused by a bird strike. In Numerical simulation, the flow is modeled steady and Spallart- Almaras turbulent model is used . Numerical simulation result show engine performance is reduced in take-off condition for 14% for thrust and 16% for efficiency, and 55% for thrust and 54% for efficiency for cruise condition. This engine performance reduction in take-off condition based on AC 25-13 regulation is definitely save and there is no need of repair or replacement action. Meanwhile, for cruise condition, this engine performance reduction means much higher fuel consumption although safe condition is reached. Thus, based on AC 25-13, engine performance reduction in this case leads to a maintenance decision of no need to repair or replacement action. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai kajian kerusakan yang terjadi pada bilah kipas mesin turbofan CFM56-5B. Kerusakan tersebut memerlukan adanya sebuah keputusan maintenance, apakah bilah kipas tersebut masih layak digunakan ataukah perlu di repair atau diganti. Meskipun regulasi menetapkan bahwa kerusakan tersebut masih dapat diterima, namun perlu ditinjau dari segi performanya, apakah kipas masih dapat memberikan performa yang baik atau tidak. Kajian dilakukan dengan menyimulasikan model bilah kipas CFM56-5B pada kondisi baik dan cacat pada perangkat lunak CFD-Numeca di kondisi take-off dan cruise. Cacat pada bilah berupa dent dengan kedalaman 0.069” dan terletak seragam di semua bilah pada 70% span bilah di bagian leading edge sebagai simulasi kerusakan akibat adanya bird strike. Simulasi numerik dilakukan dengan kondisi pemodelan aliran steady, dan menggunakan model turbulen Spallart-Allmaras. Hasil simulasi numerik menunjukkan adanya penurunan performa mesin pada Thrust di kondisi take-off sebesar 14% dan penurunan efisiensi sebesar 16%, sedangkan pada kondisi cruise, penurunan Thrust dan efisiensi berturut-turut adalah sebesar 55%, dan 54%. Penurunan Thrust pada saat take-off berdasarkan regulasi AC 25-13 adalah aman dan tidak perlu dilakukan repair atau replacement. Namun, meskipun aman, mesin akan boros bahan bakar ketika berada dalam kondisi cruise sehingga perlu dilakukan repair atau replacement. Penentuan keputusan maintenance jika didasarkan pada regulasi AC 25-13 pada akhirnya adalah tidak diperlukannya repair atau replacement pada bilah kipas.

scholarly journals Avian Avoidance and Aviation

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
San Antonio ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Equipment Manufacturer ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
International Body ◽  
Fourth Member

This article presents an overview of the current state of dealing with jet engine bird ingestion. At Turbo Expo ‘13 in San Antonio, Dr. Aspi Wadia of GE Aviation and Dr. Lee S. Langston (author of this paper) co-chaired a three-hour panel, ‘Jet Engine Bird Ingestion – Current Issues and Ways Forward.’ The leadoff panelist was Capt. Paul Eschenfelder, a retired Delta Airlines pilot, now with Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, who gave an overall review of recent bird strike accidents around the world. Panelist John Dalton, who is a Technical Fellow in Airplane Safety Engineering for Boeing, gave the airframe original equipment manufacturer (OEM) history and his views on the bird strike problem. The panel’s fourth member was Dr. Nicholas Carter who is the Director of Finance for the World Birdstrike Association (WBA). Carter explained the role of the WBA, which is the international body that represents all states and countries in issues related to bird hazards at airfields and airports.

Dynamic Loading on Turbofan Blades due to Bird-Strike

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil K. Sinha ◽  
Kevin E. Turner ◽  
Nitesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Time History ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Bird Strike ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Dynamic Loading Condition ◽  
Fan Blade

In the present paper, a hydrodynamic bird material model made up of water and air mixture is developed, which produces good correlation with the measured strain-gage test data in a panel test. This parametric bird projectile model is used to generate the time-history of the transient dynamic loads on the turbofan engine blades for different size birds impacting at varying span locations of the fan blade. The problem is formulated in 3-D vector dynamics equations using a non-linear trajectory analysis approach. The analytical derivation captures the physics of the slicing process by considering the incoming bird in the shape of a cylindrical impactor as it comes into contact with the rotating fan blades modeled as a pre-twisted plate with a camber. The contact-impact dynamic loading on the airfoil produced during the bird-strike is determined by solving the coupled non-linear dynamical equations governing the movement of the bird-slice in time-domain using a sixth-order Runge-Kutta technique. The analytically predicted family of load time-history curves enables the blade designer to readily identify the critical impact location for peak dynamic loading condition during the bird-ingestion tests mandated for certification by the regulatory agencies.

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