FOUP Contamination and Limitation of Cleaning Procedure : Topic/category CFM, Contamination Free Manufacturing

Elderly patients often find it challenging to remove plaque accumulated on the attachments of implant overdentures (IOD) using conventional cleaning instruments. Further, excessive plaque accumulation can lead to peri-implant diseases and occasionally to respiratory diseases. Therefore, here, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of waist-shaped interdental brushes (WIB) with that of straight-shaped ones (SIB) in plaque removal from the locator attachments of IOD. Twenty participants with two locator attachments retaining mandibular IOD participated in this study. After the baseline cleaning, the participants refrained from oral hygiene maintenance for 3 days. A dentist cleaned one of the attachments using the WIB and the other attachment using the SIB. The pre- and post-cleaning modified plaque index (mPLI) scores were recorded. Following another 3 days free from oral hygiene maintenance, the trained participants repeated the same cleaning procedure using the WIB and SIB. Pre- and post-cleaning mPLI scores were recorded. Regardless of the type of brush used, the post-cleaning mPLI scores were lower than the pre-cleaning ones. After the cleaning procedure, the overall mean mPLI score was lower in the WIB group than in the SIB group. The post-cleaning mPLI scores at the line-angles and on the axial surfaces of the attachments were also lower in the WIB group than in the SIB group. There was no difference in the cleaning effectiveness between the dentist and participants when they used the same type of interdental brush. The WIB was significantly more efficient in plaque removal than the SIB, especially at the line-angle sites.

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Scale formation prognosis and cleaning procedure schedules in reverse osmosis systems operation

Desalination ◽

10.1016/0011-9164(91)85087-b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 83 (1-3) ◽

pp. 77-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Alexei G. Pervov

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Scale Formation ◽

Cleaning Procedure

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The aluminum-cast Madonna statue of “Tempio Votivo”, Lido di Venezia (Italy): Identification of degradation factors and assessment of a cleaning procedure

Materials Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.09.043 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 404-413

Author(s):

C. Martini ◽

B. Ballarin ◽

C. Chiavari ◽

A. Roversi

Keyword(s):

Cleaning Procedure

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Method of Identifying Injector Coking From the Spray Field of Mechanical and CRDi Injectors Using Intensity of Scattered Light

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4037869 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronith Stanly ◽

Gopakumar Parameswaran ◽

Bibin Sagaram

Keyword(s):

Scattered Light ◽

Near Field ◽

Cone Angle ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Field Region ◽

Fuel System ◽

Spray Cone Angle ◽

Spray Cone ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Spray Field

The influence of injector coking deposits on the spray field of single-hole mechanical port fuel injectors and multihole common rail direct injection (CRDi) injectors was studied using light scattering technique coupled with image processing and analysis. Instead of employing the traditional accelerated coking process to study injector spray field deterioration, in-service injectors were selected and cleaned using a commercial fuel system cleaning procedure. Variation in atomization characteristics of coked and cleaned injectors were observed based on the spatial distribution of fine, medium, and coarse droplets in the near-field region of the injector spray zone and analyzed as a function of the intensity of scattered light. The improvement in the atomization perceived by this method was compared with traditional techniques like spray cone angle measurement, speed characterization of spray jets, and weight reduction of injector nozzles and needles. It was observed that after the fuel system cleaning procedure, a reduction in the number of coarse droplets in the near-field region and an increase in the number of medium and finely sized droplets was observed, suggesting better atomization of fuel in the near field spray zone.

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Xps Analysis of the Sapphire Surface as a Function of High Temperature Vacuum Annealing

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-159-253 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E.D. Richmond

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Binding Energy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Vacuum Annealing ◽

Xps Analysis ◽

Chemical Changes ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Sapphire Surface ◽

X Ray ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTFor the first time the (1102) surface of sapphire has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to ascertain chemical changes resulting from annealing in vacuum at 1300° C and 1450° C. As received substrates had a substantial surface C contaminant. For substrates that were chemically cleaned before inserting them into the MBE system no trace of carbon is detected. A residual flourine contaminant results from the cleaning procedure and is desorbed by the vacuum annealing. Spectra of annealed substrates are compared to the unannealed chemically cleaned substrates. The annealed substrates exhibit 0.4 to 0.5 eV shift to higher binding energy of the Al peak and a 0.3 eV shift to higher binding energy of the O peak. In addition, a 2% depletion of oxygen from the surface occurs.

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An automatic data cleaning procedure for electron cyclotron emission imaging on EAST tokamak using machine learning algorithm

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/13/10/p10029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. P10029-P10029 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Li ◽

T. Lan ◽

Y. Wang ◽

J. Liu ◽

J. Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Data Cleaning ◽

Electron Cyclotron ◽

Machine Learning Algorithm ◽

Electron Cyclotron Emission ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Cyclotron Emission ◽

Electron Cyclotron Emission Imaging

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CONCLUSION While cleaned silica-based glass surfaces have similar surface compositions, their susceptibility to strongly adsorbing organic contaminant s depends strongly on the glass composition and the cleaning procedure. For the three glass species exam-ined: silica, aluminoborosilicate, and sodalime glass , the glass surfaces behave similarly after chromic acid cleaning. They show significant differences in their properties followin g a dry cleaning procedure, such as pyrolysis or UV/ozone cleaning. The cleaned silica surfaces show a high susceptibility to adsorbing or-ganic contamination following pyrolysis cleaning, while the pyrolyzed sodalime glass appears to be virtually immune to strongly adsorbing organic molecules. Py-rolyzed aluminoborosilicate glass shows an intermediate susceptibility to adsorb-ing organic contaminants. The chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all show an in-termediate susceptibility to contamination by adsorbed organic molecules. Thus, it may be an oversimplification to consider a clean glass surface as a high energy substrate that is bound to attract ambient organic contamination. The wettability behavior of the cleaned glass surfaces showed features associ-ated with their exposed chemical functions. The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH showed evidence of charging of the surface silanol groups. The point of zero charge for these surface chemical func-tions was observed at pH 3. An estimate of the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at the point of zero charge enables a reasonable estima-tion of the density of surface silanol groups on the cleaned glass. The trends ob-served for the surface charge as a function of pH correlate with the observed sus-ceptibility for adsorbing organic contamination to the cleaned glass surfaces. Charge-adsorbed surfactant monolayers indicated a negative surface charge on the cleaned glass, as expected for silica-based glass surfaces at neutral pH. The wettability of grafted self-assembled octadecylsilane monolayers indicated high quality coatings on the cleaned glass surfaces. The coating quality was identical for all three glass species following chromic acid cleaning. The UV/ozone cleaned glass surfaces showed the highest coating quality on the silica surface, followed by the aluminoborosilicate surface and the sodalime glass surface. The trends in coating quality for all chromic acid cleaned surfaces and UV/ozone cleaned surfaces correlate with those seen for susceptibility to organic contamina-tion of the cleaned glass surfaces exposed to unpurified liquid octane. REFERENCES

Surface Contamination and Cleaning ◽

10.1201/9789047403289-17 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 114-116

Keyword(s):

Glass Surface ◽

Chromic Acid ◽

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

Coating Quality ◽

Organic Contamination ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Silanol Groups ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Glass Surfaces ◽

Uv Ozone

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Communication: On the Stability and Necessary Electrophoretic Mobility of Bare Oil Nanodroplets in Water

10.26434/chemrxiv.12451796.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saranya Pullanchery ◽

Sergey Kulik ◽

halil okur ◽

Hilton. B. de Aguiar ◽

Sylvie Roke

Keyword(s):

Electrophoretic Mobility ◽

Dlvo Theory ◽

Air Bubbles ◽

Oil Droplets ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Charged Droplets ◽

Oil In Water ◽

The Creation ◽

The Stability ◽

The 19Th Century

Hydrophobic oil droplets, particles and air bubbles can be dispersed in water as kinetically stabilized dispersions. It has been established since the 19th century that such objects harbor a negative electrostatic potential roughly twice larger than the thermal energy. The source of this charge continues to be one of the core observations in relation to hydrophobicity and its molecular explanation is still debated. What is clear though, is that the stabilizing interaction in these systems is understood in terms of electrostatic repulsion via DLVO theory. Recent work [Carpenter et al., PNAS 116 (2019) 9214] has added another element into the discussion, reporting the creation of bare near-zero charged droplets of oil in water that are stable for several days. Key to the creation of the droplets is a rigorous glassware cleaning procedure. Here, we investigate these conclusions and show that the cleaning procedure of glassware has no influence on the electrophoretic mobility of the droplets, that oil droplets with near-zero charge are unstable, and provide an alternative possible explanation for the observations involving glass surface chemistry.

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