CONCLUSION While cleaned silica-based glass surfaces have similar surface compositions, their susceptibility to strongly adsorbing organic contaminant s depends strongly on the glass composition and the cleaning procedure. For the three glass species exam-ined: silica, aluminoborosilicate, and sodalime glass , the glass surfaces behave similarly after chromic acid cleaning. They show significant differences in their properties followin g a dry cleaning procedure, such as pyrolysis or UV/ozone cleaning. The cleaned silica surfaces show a high susceptibility to adsorbing or-ganic contamination following pyrolysis cleaning, while the pyrolyzed sodalime glass appears to be virtually immune to strongly adsorbing organic molecules. Py-rolyzed aluminoborosilicate glass shows an intermediate susceptibility to adsorb-ing organic contaminants. The chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all show an in-termediate susceptibility to contamination by adsorbed organic molecules. Thus, it may be an oversimplification to consider a clean glass surface as a high energy substrate that is bound to attract ambient organic contamination. The wettability behavior of the cleaned glass surfaces showed features associ-ated with their exposed chemical functions. The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH showed evidence of charging of the surface silanol groups. The point of zero charge for these surface chemical func-tions was observed at pH 3. An estimate of the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at the point of zero charge enables a reasonable estima-tion of the density of surface silanol groups on the cleaned glass. The trends ob-served for the surface charge as a function of pH correlate with the observed sus-ceptibility for adsorbing organic contamination to the cleaned glass surfaces. Charge-adsorbed surfactant monolayers indicated a negative surface charge on the cleaned glass, as expected for silica-based glass surfaces at neutral pH. The wettability of grafted self-assembled octadecylsilane monolayers indicated high quality coatings on the cleaned glass surfaces. The coating quality was identical for all three glass species following chromic acid cleaning. The UV/ozone cleaned glass surfaces showed the highest coating quality on the silica surface, followed by the aluminoborosilicate surface and the sodalime glass surface. The trends in coating quality for all chromic acid cleaned surfaces and UV/ozone cleaned surfaces correlate with those seen for susceptibility to organic contamina-tion of the cleaned glass surfaces exposed to unpurified liquid octane. REFERENCES

2003 ◽  
pp. 114-116

The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH is expected to reflect the surface charge generated by the exposed chemical functions on the clean glas s surface. The variations in surface charge, generated by the exposed SiOH and aluminum oxide groups, is expected to give rise to fea-tures representing the surface chemistry of the clean glass. The scatter i n the data shown in Figures 4 and 5 allows only general trends to be discerned. The p.z.c.'s at pH 3 and 9 have been described in the preceding paragraphs. It is interesting to note that the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces behave in a similar manner, showing virtually identical trends. The pyrolysis cleaned glass surfaces show dif-ferences in their behavior across the different glass compositions. These trends correlate with those observed for organic contamination of these surfaces, as de-scribed in Section 3.1, where the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all showed similar behavior, while the pyrolyzed glass showed significant differences in its sensitivity to contamination. In particular, the pyrolyzed silica surface shows far lower non-dispersive interaction energy with water than the pyrolyzed Corning code 1737 or sodalime glasses. This features correlates with the high degree of adsorbed contamination, described in Section 3.1, for the pyrolyzed silica surface. The datum in Figure 5 for the non-dispersive interaction energy between a py-rolyzed silica surface and water at pH 7 corresponds to a contact angle of 31°. This is significantly higher than the contact angle of water on a pyrolyzed silica surface freshly immersed into liquid octane. While the surface cleanliness was measured after cleaning, it was not measured after substrate immersion in the acidic or alkaline solutions. It is possible that the comparatively low non-dispersive interaction energy observed for pyrolyzed silica is partially an artifact caused by contamination of the cleaned silica before immersion into liquid oc-tane. Figure 4 shows similar behavior fo r the glass surfaces, suggesting that the alu-minoborosilicate and sodalime glasses show behavior similar to that of a silica surface. This phenomenon may be due to the leaching of soluble alkaline oxides from the glass surfaces during chromic acid cleaning, leaving a surface enriched in silica that behaves essentially in the same way as a chromic acid cleaned silica surface. In Figure 5, the minimum in the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at pH 9 is not present for pyrolyzed sodalime glass. This mini-mum was presumed to be associated with a high sodium ion concentration in solution, neutralizing the SiO" groups at the glass surface. The presence of sodium oxide (see Table 1) in the sodalime glass composition may generate a high so-dium environment for the the silano l groups at the glass surface. The high sodium concentration in the glass may thus be equivalent to a high sodium concentration in solution, neutralizing the p.z.c.

2003 ◽  
pp. 111-113

Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.


Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere

Complementary replicas have revealed the fact that the two common faces observed in electron micrographs of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch specimens are complementary to each other and are thus the new faces of a split membrane rather than the original inner and outer surfaces (1, 2 and personal observations). The big question raised by published electron micrographs is why do we not see depressions in the complementary face opposite membrane-associated particles? Reports have appeared indicating that some depressions do appear but complementarity on such a fine scale has yet to be shown.Dog cardiac muscle was perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (material furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ., and VA Hospital, Durham, N.C.). Small strips were freeze-fractured in a Denton Vacuum DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit with complementary replica tooling. Replicas were cleaned in chromic acid cleaning solution, then washed in 4 changes of distilled water and mounted on opposite sides of the center wire of a Formvar-coated grid.


1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng T. Lee ◽  
D. E. Clark

AbstractZeta potentials of SRL-131-29.8% TOS simulated nuclear waste glasses leached in D.I. water, Al, Ca, Mg, and Zn chloride solutions at 90°C were measured as a function of leaching time. For short term leaching, the adsorption of Ca, Mg, Zn and Al reverses the glass surface potential from negative to positive. Colloids were found to be stable in D.I. water and AICl3 solutions after leaching, presumably due to the electrostatic repulsion between the glass surface and similarly charged particles. Colloids were not found in Mg, Zn or Ca chloride solutions after leaching; instead, a relatively thick metasilicate surface layer was formed on glass surfaces leached in these solutions. The concentration of Si in solution is reduced by the formation of these surface layers.


1985 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-282
Author(s):  
L.V. Domnina ◽  
J.A. Rovensky ◽  
J.M. Vasiliev ◽  
I.M. Gelfand

The role of microtubules in the spreading of cells from the liver-derived IAR2 rat cell line was studied. Cells in the control medium seeded on a flat isotropic glass surface rapidly spread to form discoid shapes. Spreading in colcemid-containing medium was disorganized and delayed; partial reversal of spreading was observed. Nevertheless, even in the presence of colcemid the cells finally spread to discoid flattened shapes. IAR2 cells in medium without colcemid spread not to discoid but to elongated shapes under three different sets of conditions: (1) when the cells were forced to spread on narrow strips of adhesive glass surface between two non-adhesive lipid films; (2) when the cells spread on the poorly adhesive surface of poly(HEMA)-covered glass; (3) when the cells spread on the usual glass surfaces in medium containing cytochalasin D. Addition of colcemid to the media reversed the polarized spreading under the first two conditions; colcemid did not reverse the formation of the elongated cell shape acquired by the cells spreading in cytochalasin-containing medium. Effects of microtubule-destroying drugs on the spreading of epithelial and fibroblast cells are compared and discussed. It is suggested that microtubules are essential for the stabilization of the spread state of those attached cytoplasmic processes and lamellae that do not have numerous and stable-cell substratum contacts, e.g. the processes formed at the early stages of spreading or the elongated processes of polarized cells. Possibly, microtubules stabilize the non-contracted state of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor W. Or ◽  
Michael Wade ◽  
Sameer Patel ◽  
Michael R. Alves ◽  
Deborah Kim ◽  
...  

Microspectroscopic analyses of glass surfaces following a single day of cooking events reveal organic depositions that can be traced back to emission sources and airborne distributions.


1989 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baunack ◽  
A. Zehe

1935 ◽  
Vol 13a (6) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Kohl

An outline is given of the various methods for the application of luminescent screens, and their relative merits. Most widespread in use are methods that utilize a liquid binder that enters into a chemical reaction with the glass surface. In other cases, the powder is partially imbedded in the glass surface by a sintering process. The physical characteristics of the luminescent screen are adversely affected by both of these methods. A process based on the activation of the glass surface by a deposit of sulphur is described. The sulphur coating picks up the luminescent powder in a uniform layer when it is brought into contact with the powder. After being removed by means of a moderate heat treatment, it leaves the screen firmly adhering to the glass surface. Possible mechanisms for the process are briefly discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
R Janík ◽  
V Vargová ◽  
J Šulcová ◽  
M Pajtášová

Abstract The present work, as one of the first scientific works, deals with the modification of the glass surface induced by DCSBD plasma discharge to increase the adhesion of decorative gold layers on glass products. In the study of such a modification, it was necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the modification of the glass surface, and subsequently it was necessary to test the resistance of the deposited gold layers in tests performed directly in operation. In the present work, the adhesion of gold to DCSBD-modified glass surfaces by plasma discharge was uniquely evaluated by image analysis.


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