Communication: On the Stability and Necessary Electrophoretic Mobility of Bare Oil Nanodroplets in Water

Hydrophobic oil droplets, particles and air bubbles can be dispersed in water as kinetically stabilized dispersions. It has been established since the 19th century that such objects harbor a negative electrostatic potential roughly twice larger than the thermal energy. The source of this charge continues to be one of the core observations in relation to hydrophobicity and its molecular explanation is still debated. What is clear though, is that the stabilizing interaction in these systems is understood in terms of electrostatic repulsion via DLVO theory. Recent work [Carpenter et al., PNAS 116 (2019) 9214] has added another element into the discussion, reporting the creation of bare near-zero charged droplets of oil in water that are stable for several days. Key to the creation of the droplets is a rigorous glassware cleaning procedure. Here, we investigate these conclusions and show that the cleaning procedure of glassware has no influence on the electrophoretic mobility of the droplets, that oil droplets with near-zero charge are unstable, and provide an alternative possible explanation for the observations involving glass surface chemistry.

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Communication: On the Stability and Necessary Electrophoretic Mobility of Bare Oil Nanodroplets in Water

10.26434/chemrxiv.12451796 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saranya Pullanchery ◽

Sergey Kulik ◽

halil okur ◽

Hilton. B. de Aguiar ◽

Sylvie Roke

Keyword(s):

Electrophoretic Mobility ◽

Dlvo Theory ◽

Air Bubbles ◽

Oil Droplets ◽

Cleaning Procedure ◽

Charged Droplets ◽

Oil In Water ◽

The Creation ◽

The Stability ◽

The 19Th Century

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THE MOBILITY OF OIL DROPLETS, INTERFACIAL TENSION MEASUREMENTS, AND GEGEN ION ADSORPTION IN SOAP SOLUTIONS

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v52-123 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 30 (12) ◽

pp. 1044-1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. D. Powell ◽

A. E. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Interfacial Tension ◽

Electrophoretic Mobility ◽

Ion Adsorption ◽

Oil Droplets ◽

Oil In Water

The electrophoretic mobility of oil droplets, in oil in water emulsions stabilized with paraffin chain salts, have been determined, together with interfacial tension measurements on the same systems, and the observations are explained. Electrokinetic theory is discussed and an estimate made of the fraction of the gegen ions which are bound to the droplet; the value of this fraction is similar to that found by others for the spherical soap micelle.

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CAPRICCIOʼS GENRE IN MANDOLIN MUSIC AT THE END OF THE 19th – THE EARLY OF THE 20th CENTURIES (for example of the concert pieces by С. Munier)

Музикознавча думка Дніпропетровщини ◽

10.15421/221822 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

N. V. Bashmakova ◽

K. V. Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

17Th Century ◽

Point Of View ◽

Historical Approach ◽

The Creation ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Concert Works ◽

In The Beginning ◽

The 19Th Century

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.

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Influence of Whey Protein Micro-Gel Particles and Whey Protein Micro-Gel Particles-Xanthan Gum Complexes on the Stability of O/W Emulsions

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2301

Author(s):

Man Zhang ◽

Bin Liang ◽

Hongjun He ◽

Changjian Ji ◽

Tingting Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stability ◽

Whey Protein ◽

High Speed ◽

Xanthan Gum ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Theoretical Support ◽

Gel Particles ◽

Oil In Water ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

Appropriate pretreatment of proteins and addition of xanthan gum (XG) has the potential to improve the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. However, the factors that regulate the enhancement and the mechanism are still not clear, which restricts the realization of improving the emulsion stability by directional design of its structure. Therefore, the effects of whey protein micro-gel particles (WPMPs) and WPMPs-XG complexes on the stability of O/W emulsion were investigated in this article to provide theoretical support. WPMPs with different structures were prepared by pretreatment (controlled high-speed shear treatment of heat-set WPC gels) at pH 3.5–8.5. The impact of initial WPC structure and XG addition on Turbiscan Indexes, mean droplet size and the peroxide values of O/W emulsions was investigated. The results indicate that WPMPs and XG can respectively inhibit droplet coalescence and gravitational separation to improve the physical stability of WPC-stabilized O/W emulsions. The pretreatment significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of WPC-stabilized O/W emulsions. The addition of XG did not necessarily enhance the oxidative stability of O/W emulsions. Whether the oxidative stability of the O/W emulsion with XG is increased or decreased depends on the interface structure of the protein-XG complex. This study has significant implications for the development of novel structures containing lipid phases that are susceptible to oxidation.

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Polymeric Micelles for the Enhanced Deposition of Hydrophobic Drugs into Ocular Tissues, without Plasma Exposure

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Ijeoma F. Uchegbu ◽

Jan Breznikar ◽

Alessandra Zaffalon ◽

Uche Odunze ◽

Andreas G. Schätzlein

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Micelles ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Penetration Enhancer ◽

Hydrophobic Drugs ◽

Ocular Tissues ◽

Ocular Penetration ◽

Self Assembling ◽

Similar Dose ◽

Oil In Water ◽

The Stability

Commercial topical ocular formulations for hydrophobic actives rely on the use of suspensions or oil in water emulsions and neither of these formulation modalities adequately promote drug penetration into ocular tissues. Using the ocular relevant hydrophobic drug, cyclosporine A (CsA), a non-irritant ocular penetration enhancer is showcased, which may be used for the formulation of hydrophobic actives. The activity of this penetration enhancer is demonstrated in a healthy rabbit model. The Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) polymer (N-palmitoyl-N-monomethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-6-O-glycolchitosan), a self-assembling, micelle-forming polymer, was used to formulate CsA into sterile filtered nanoparticulate eye drop formulations and the stability of the formulation tested. Healthy rabbits were dosed with a single dose of a MET–CsA (NM133) 0.05% formulation and ocular tissues analyzed. Optically clear NM133 formulations were prepared containing between 0.01–0.1% w/v CsA and 0.375–0.75% w/v MET polymer. NM133 0.01%, NM133 0.02% and NM133 0.05% were stable for 28 days when stored at refrigeration temperature (5–6 °C) and room temperature (16–23 °C), but there was evidence of evaporation of the formulation at 40 °C. There was no change in drug content when NM133 0.05% was stored for 387 days at 4 °C. On topical dosing to rabbits, corneal, conjunctival and scleral AUC0–24 levels were 25,780 ng.h g−1, 12,046 ng.h g−1 and 5879 ng.h g−1, respectively, with NM133 0.05%. Meanwhile, a similar dose of Restasis 0.05% yielded lower values of 4726 ng.h/g, 4813 ng.h/g and 1729 ng.h/g for the drug corneal, conjunctival and scleral levels, respectively. NM133 thus delivered up to five times more CsA to the ocular surface tissues when compared to Restasis. The MET polymer was non-irritant up to a concentration of 4% w/v. The MET polymer is a non-irritant ocular penetration enhancer that may be used to deliver hydrophobic drugs in optically clear topical ocular formulations.

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IMPROVEMENT AND ADAPTATION OF THE FAYOUMI CHICKEN

Animal Genetic Resources Information ◽

10.1017/s1014233900000328 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 33-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. A. Hossaryl ◽

E. S. E. Galal

Keyword(s):

Genetic Material ◽

Research Station ◽

Cooperative Society ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

The Usa ◽

The Creation ◽

The Uk ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Actual Prevalence

SUMMARYThe Fayoumi (Oasis/Province of Fayotimi) or Ramadi (village of Dar-el-Ramad) breed of chicken is said to have been introduced into this area in the early part of the 19th century; phenotypically it recalls the Silver Campine from which it is reputed to descend. A hardy and well adapted breed it was saved through the creation of the Fayoumi Poultry Research Station in 194é, which also assured an active improvement policy of the breed. The creation in 1958 of the Fayoumi Poultry Cooperative Society further strengthened the conservation of the breed and its use through distribution of genetic material to farmers and smallholders of the Fayoumi province. Since the early é0's the breed is reported to have been successfully introduced to countries as different as the UK and the USA, Vietn@ Iraq, Pakistan and India. Its adaptability and resistance to the problems of xyrotherrnic tropical and sub-tropical conditions is confirmed by its actual prevalence in Southern Egypt.

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Assessment of Fennel Oil Microfluidized Nanoemulsions Stabilization by Advanced Performance Xanthan Gum

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040693 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 693

Author(s):

Rubén Llinares ◽

Pablo Ramírez ◽

José Antonio Carmona ◽

Luis Alfonso Trujillo-Cayado ◽

José Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Xanthan Gum ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Processing Condition ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Mechanical Spectra ◽

The Stability ◽

Fennel Oil

In this work, nanoemulsion-based delivery system was developed by encapsulation of fennel essential oil. A response surface methodology was used to study the influence of the processing conditions in order to obtain monomodal nanoemulsions of fennel essential oil using the microchannel homogenization technique. Results showed that it was possible to obtain nanoemulsions with very narrow monomodal distributions that were homogeneous over the whole observation period (three months) when the appropriate mechanical energy was supplied by microfluidization at 14 MPa and 12 passes. Once the optimal processing condition was established, nanoemulsions were formulated with advanced performance xanthan gum, which was used as both viscosity modifier and emulsion stabilizer. As a result, more desirable results with enhanced physical stability and rheological properties were obtained. From the study of mechanical spectra as a function of aging time, the stability of the nanoemulsions weak gels was confirmed. The mechanical spectra as a function of hydrocolloid concentration revealed that the rheological properties are marked by the biopolymer network and could be modulated depending on the amount of added gum. Therefore, this research supports the role of advanced performance xanthan gum as a stabilizer of microfluidized fennel oil-in-water nanoemulsions. In addition, the results of this research could be useful to design and formulate functional oil-in-water nanoemulsions with potential application in the food industry for the delivery of nutraceuticals and antimicrobials.

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The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction

10.1093/actrade/9780198754633.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Kahn

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Short Story ◽

Popular Fiction ◽

The Novel ◽

Short Introduction ◽

The Press ◽

Character Study ◽

The Creation ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Plot Design

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.

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