The K value determination research of advanced breaking current weighted cumulative method for VCB electrical endurance detection

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Xing-ming ◽  
He Jia-min ◽  
Zhang Xin ◽  
Liang Cong ◽  
Huang Zhi-chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
K Value ◽  
Value Determination

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Ratios of Gases and Light Hydrocarbons in Methyl Cyanoacetate

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron B. Woertz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
K Value ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Pressurized Cylinder ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Abstract Vapor-liquid equilibrium values (K-values) for nitrogen, CO2, H2S and the paraffin hydrocarbons, methane through n-octane, in methyl cyanoacetate (MCA) were published in 1972. K-values for the hydrocarbons through C4 were based on vapor-liquid equilibrium data obtained using a pressurized cylinder maintained in a bath at constant temperature. K-values for n-hexane and heavier were obtained by extrapolation of low pressure values estimated from liquid-liquid miscibilities. Data on the pentanes were obtained from both sources. The K-values for the heavier hydrocarbons were based on the small amount of data available at the time. Since the 1972 publication, experimentally determined K-values have been obtained for hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and the liquid-liquid miscibility type of K-value determination bas been extended to higher pressures. Here, improved, revised K-charts are presented. The miscibility method for determining K-values is described in the Appendix. TESTING THE DATA Fig. 1 is a representative plot of K's obtained from liquid-liquid miscibility experiments and K-values from direct experimental measurements. The data are plotted using the method of Galimberti and Campbell, plotted using the method of Galimberti and Campbell, which involves plotting log K vs absolute critical temperature squared. The method proposed by these authors was intended for use with hydrocarbon systems. However, Fig. 1 indicates that their method is applicable to other systems also. Plots similar to Fig. 1 were prepared for pressures of 600 to 1,500 psia and at temperatures in the range of 0 degrees to 100 degrees Fahrenheit to obtain additional measures of the consistency of the data and to aid in crossplotting. In certain cases the fit of the points to a line was somewhat poorer than in Fig. 1; but in all cases the points defined a substantially straight, or slightly curved, line. This finding tends to confirm that the liquid-liquid miscibility method can be used to obtain K-values for nominally liquid hydrocarbons in MCA. Owing to the difficulty of analyzing for, or calculating amounts, of these hydrocarbons in each of the phases in typical vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments, the miscibility method could result in increased accuracy of the K-value. The plot Fig. 1 indicates that in this instance the accuracy was satisfactory in that the miscibility type K's plotted well with experimental K's for the lighter hydrocarbons. THE K-CHARTS The plotting method of Galimberti and Campbell and crossplotting techniques were used with previous experimental K-data and the present liquid-liquid miscibility type K-data for liquid hydrocarbons to prepare the charts presented here. prepare the charts presented here.Figs. 2 through 16 are K-charts for hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and methane through n-octane, all at equilibrium conditions in methyl cyanoacetate (MCA). The charts show K-values at pressures up 2,000 psia over the temperature range of 0 degrees to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. SPEJ P. 7

scholarly journals An improved K-means algorithm for underwater image background segmentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Cenyu He ◽  
Chunlin Ji ◽  
Meiying Zhang ◽  
Siyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Grayscale Image ◽  
K Value ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Underwater Image ◽  
Background Segmentation ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Color Cast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Centroid Position

AbstractConventional algorithms fail to obtain satisfactory background segmentation results for underwater images. In this study, an improved K-means algorithm was developed for underwater image background segmentation to address the issue of improper K value determination and minimize the impact of initial centroid position of grayscale image during the gray level quantization of the conventional K-means algorithm. A total of 100 underwater images taken by an underwater robot were sampled to test the aforementioned algorithm in respect of background segmentation validity and time cost. The K value and initial centroid position of grayscale image were optimized. The results were compared to the other three existing algorithms, including the conventional K-means algorithm, the improved Otsu algorithm, and the Canny operator edge extraction method. The experimental results showed that the improved K-means underwater background segmentation algorithm could effectively segment the background of underwater images with a low color cast, low contrast, and blurred edges. Although its cost in time was higher than that of the other three algorithms, it none the less proved more efficient than the time-consuming manual segmentation method. The algorithm proposed in this paper could potentially be used in underwater environments for underwater background segmentation.

scholarly journals Penentuan Nilai Faktor Mesin Pesawat Sinar-X Radiografi Digital Merek Shimadzu di RSUD Dr. Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mamba'ul Fitriyana ◽  
Suhadi Muliyono ◽  
Kadek Subagiada
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
K Value ◽  
Current Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Weighted Linear Regression ◽  
Digital Radiograph ◽  
Value Determination

The research on the determining machine factor (k) of Shimadzu digital radiograph X-ray machine have been done at the RSUD Dr. Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan. Machine factor should be required in the calculation of radiation exposure which produced by the X-ray machine. Measurement data that have been used as independent variables were current-time, focus distance to the detector and tube voltage variations of 80 kV to 100 kV, while the dependent variable was the S value. Determination of the k value was conducted by weighted linear regression between V2 and  using the results of research by Seibert and Morin (2011) for the condition of calibrated X-ray machine. Thus, the reseach has  obtained the machine factor of the Shimadzu digital radiograph X-ray machine at the RSUD Dr. Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Balikpapan.

Penentuan Metode Intensitas Hujan Berdasarkan Karakteristik Hujan dari Stasiun Pengamat Hujan Disekitar Kecamatan Karawang Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Permatasari ◽  
M. Candra Nugraha ◽  
Etih Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Method Approach

<p>The rain intensity is the high rainfall in unit of time. The length of rain will be reversed by the amount rain intensity. The shorter time the rain lasts, the greater of the intensity and re-period of its rain. The value of rain intensity is required to calculate the flood discharge plan on the drainage system planning area in East Karawang district. Determining the value rain intensity is required the maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the main observer stations in the Plawad station planning area. The method of determination rain intensity analysis can be done with three methods: Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto and Hasper der Weduwen. Selected method is based on the smallest deviation value. Determination deviation value is determined by comparing rain intensity value of Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen. By comparing rain intensity value of the Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen with the results of calculating three methods through the method approach Talbot, Sherman and Ishiguro. Calculation results show that the method of rain has smallest deviation standard is method Van Breen with Talbot approach for rainy period (PUH) 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.</p>

Scalability of MOCVD-deposited Hafnium Oxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Van Elshocht ◽  
R. Carter ◽  
M. Caymax ◽  
M. Claes ◽  
T. Conard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Gate Electrode ◽  
K Value ◽  
High K

AbstractBecause of aggressive downscaling to increase transistor performance, the physical thickness of the SiO2 gate dielectric is rapidly approaching the limit where it will only consist of a few atomic layers. As a consequence, this will result in very high leakage currents due to direct tunneling. To allow further scaling, materials with a k-value higher than SiO2 (“high-k materials”) are explored, such that the thickness of the dielectric can be increased without degrading performance.Based on our experimental results, we discuss the potential of MOCVD-deposited HfO2 to scale to (sub)-1-nm EOTs (Equivalent Oxide Thickness). A primary concern is the interfacial layer that is formed between the Si and the HfO2, during the MOCVD deposition process, for both H-passivated and SiO2-like starting surfaces. This interfacial layer will, because of its lower k-value, significantly contribute to the EOT and reduce the benefit of the high-k material. In addition, we have experienced serious issues integrating HfO2 with a polySi gate electrode at the top interface depending on the process conditions of polySi deposition and activation anneal used. Furthermore, we have determined, based on a thickness series, the k-value for HfO2 deposited at various temperatures and found that the k-value of the HfO2 depends upon the gate electrode deposited on top (polySi or TiN).Based on our observations, the combination of MOCVD HfO2 with a polySi gate electrode will not be able to scale below the 1-nm EOT marker. The use of a metal gate however, does show promise to scale down to very low EOT values.

Photostability Study on Character and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.) in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) and Conventional Creame

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorma Rosita ◽  
Dewi Haryadi ◽  
Tristiana Erawati ◽  
Rossa Nanda ◽  
Widji Soeratri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
K Value ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
High Shear Homogenization

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NLC in increasing photostability of tomato extract in term of antioxidant activity. Photostability testing on antioxidant activity of samples were conducted by accelerating method using UVB radiation 32.400 joule for 21 hours radiation. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. NLC was made by High Shear Homogenization (HPH) method at 24000 rpm for 4 cycles, while conventional creame was made by low speed at 400 rpm. The product were characterized include: pH, viscosity, and particle size. There were had difference characters and physical stability. NLC had smaller size, more homogenous and more stable than conventional creame. It was known that stability of antioxidant activity of tomato extract in NLC system higher than in conventional creame. That was showed with k value, as constanta of rate scavenging activity decreasing in antioxidant power between time (Sigma 2-tail less than 0.005) of NLC and conventional creame were: 2.03x10-2 %/hour ±0.08 (3.94) and 4.71x 10-2 %/ hour ±0.23 (4.88) respectively.

Optimization of K Value in KNN Algorithm for Spam and Ham Email Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Eko Laksono ◽  
Achmad Basuki ◽  
Fitra Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
K Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Classification Evaluation ◽  
Email Spam ◽  
Email Classification

There are many cases of email abuse that have the potential to harm others. This email abuse is commonly known as spam, which contains advertisements, phishing scams, and even malware. This study purpose to know the classification of email spam with ham using the KNN method as an effort to reduce the amount of spam. KNN can classify spam or ham in an email by checking it using a different K value approach. The results of the classification evaluation using confusion matrix resulted in the KNN method with a value of K = 1 having the highest accuracy value of 91.4%. From the results of the study, it is known that the optimization of the K value in KNN using frequency distribution clustering can produce high accuracy of 100%, while k-means clustering produces an accuracy of 99%. So based on the results of the existing accuracy values, the frequency distribution clustering and k-means clustering can be used to optimize the K-optimal value of the KNN in the classification of existing spam emails.

VALUE-SEMANTIC ECONOMY

ASJ. ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
A.V. Kurbatov A.V., ◽  
L.A. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Value Determination ◽  
High Dynamics ◽  
Capital Development

The continuing build-up in the speed of deepening of the global economic crisis, driven by just as fast drop in quantity of the external resources calculated per inhabitant of our planet, forces us to refer to internal resources in order to prevent the irreversible losses, to overcome the crisis and ensure the sustainable development. Beginning from the second half of the 20-th century, the hopes for efficient deployment of internal resources have been laid on the development of the human-capital theory. However, despite the intensive change in perception of the very concept of "human capital" and a wide scope of innovative models of its practical application, aimed at bringing the economy out of stagnation, the desired outcome is not achieved. The trend of transferring of the bulk of investments to human capital, at the expense of the share of investments spent on increased production, has proved insufficient. The analysis of causes of ultra-high risks of investments in increase of human capital has helped to determine that the models, which are used currently, do not take into account some of the fundamental patterns, which ensure the high efficiency of investment in human capital. Most of the models are based on application of the methods of situational governance, which, at best, have a short-term positive effect. This trend results from the insufficient awareness of managers of the fundamental patterns of human capital development, which deprives the investors of the possibility to benefit from the optimal combination of the situational governance with relevant long-term programs, which can steadily increase human capital. The researches of the fundamental patterns of human capital development have shown, that the main factor for achieving the high efficiency of investment in human capital is the correct organization of the processes of value determination of the subjects of economic activity and the transition from the value determination to value-semantic determination, thus ensuring guaranteed attainment of goals along with high dynamics of resources. The work presented here is dedicated to the method of managing the quality of human capital, which is hereafter referred to as value-semantic economy.

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