An Innovative Method to Evaluate the Real Performance of Wind Turbines With Respect to the Manufacturer Power Curve: Case Study from Mauritania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Amato ◽  
Bamba Heiba ◽  
Filippo Spertino ◽  
Gabriele Malgaroli ◽  
Alessandro Ciocia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
The Real ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Real Performance

Advanced IR-OBIRCH Analysis Technique for High Isb Failure Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Hsiung Chen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wu ◽  
Yu Hsiang Shu ◽  
Jian Chan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Leakage Failure ◽  
Failure Site

Abstract IR-OBIRCH (Infrared Ray – Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change) is one of the main failure analysis techniques [1] [2] [3] [4]. It is a useful tool to do fault localization on leakage failure cases such as poor Via or contact connection, FEoL or BEoL pattern bridge, and etc. But the real failure sites associated with the above failure mechanisms are not always found at the OBIRCH spot locations. Sometimes the real failure site is far away from the OBIRCH spot and it will result in inconclusive PFA Analysis. Finding the real failure site is what matters the most for fault localization detection. In this paper, we will introduce one case using deep sub-micron process generation which suffers serious high Isb current at wafer donut region. In this case study a BEoL Via poor connection is found far away from the OBIRCH spots. This implies that layout tracing skill and relation investigation among OBIRCH spots are needed for successful failure analysis.

scholarly journals Impact of Typhoons on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Jiawen Li ◽  
Jingyu Bian ◽  
Yuxiang Ma ◽  
Yichen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Motion Response ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Coupling Motion

A typhoon is a restrictive factor in the development of floating wind power in China. However, the influences of multistage typhoon wind and waves on offshore wind turbines have not yet been studied. Based on Typhoon Mangkhut, in this study, the characteristics of the motion response and structural loads of an offshore wind turbine are investigated during the travel process. For this purpose, a framework is established and verified for investigating the typhoon-induced effects of offshore wind turbines, including a multistage typhoon wave field and a coupled dynamic model of offshore wind turbines. On this basis, the motion response and structural loads of different stages are calculated and analyzed systematically. The results show that the maximum response does not exactly correspond to the maximum wave or wind stage. Considering only the maximum wave height or wind speed may underestimate the motion response during the traveling process of the typhoon, which has problems in guiding the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the coupling motion between the floating foundation and turbine should be considered in the safety evaluation of the floating offshore wind turbine under typhoon conditions.

scholarly journals Optimal Temperature-Based Condition Monitoring System for Wind Turbines

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Payam Teimourzadeh Baboli ◽  
Davood Babazadeh ◽  
Amin Raeiszadeh ◽  
Susanne Horodyvskyy ◽  
Isabel Koprek
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Data Driven Modeling

With the increasing demand for the efficiency of wind energy projects due to challenging market conditions, the challenges related to maintenance planning are increasing. In this paper, a condition-based monitoring system for wind turbines (WTs) based on data-driven modeling is proposed. First, the normal condition of the WTs key components is estimated using a tailor-made artificial neural network. Then, the deviation of the real-time measurement data from the estimated values is calculated, indicating abnormal conditions. One of the main contributions of the paper is to propose an optimization problem for calculating the safe band, to maximize the accuracy of abnormal condition identification. During abnormal conditions or hazardous conditions of the WTs, an alarm is triggered and a proposed risk indicator is updated. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated using real data from an offshore wind farm in Germany. By experimenting with the proposed model on the real-world data, it is shown that the proposed risk indicator is fully consistent with upcoming wind turbine failures.

scholarly journals Multivariate SCADA Data Analysis Methods for Real-World Wind Turbine Power Curve Monitoring

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Astolfi ◽  
Francesco Castellani ◽  
Andrea Lombardi ◽  
Ludovico Terzi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Features Selection ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Extracted Power

Due to the stochastic nature of the source, wind turbines operate under non-stationary conditions and the extracted power depends non-trivially on ambient conditions and working parameters. It is therefore difficult to establish a normal behavior model for monitoring the performance of a wind turbine and the most employed approach is to be driven by data. The power curve of a wind turbine is the relation between the wind intensity and the extracted power and is widely employed for monitoring wind turbine performance. On the grounds of the above considerations, a recent trend regarding wind turbine power curve analysis consists of the incorporation of the main working parameters (as, for example, the rotor speed or the blade pitch) as input variables of a multivariate regression whose target is the power. In this study, a method for multivariate wind turbine power curve analysis is proposed: it is based on sequential features selection, which employs Support Vector Regression with Gaussian Kernel. One of the most innovative aspects of this study is that the set of possible covariates includes also minimum, maximum and standard deviation of the most important environmental and operational variables. Three test cases of practical interest are contemplated: a Senvion MM92, a Vestas V90 and a Vestas V117 wind turbines owned by the ENGIE Italia company. It is shown that the selection of the covariates depends remarkably on the wind turbine model and this aspect should therefore be taken in consideration in order to customize the data-driven monitoring of the power curve. The obtained error metrics are competitive and in general lower with respect to the state of the art in the literature. Furthermore, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of the main environmental and operation variables are abundantly selected by the feature selection algorithm: this result indicates that the richness of the measurement channels contained in wind turbine Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data sets should be exploited for monitoring the performance as reliably as possible.

Influence of the Blade-Spoke Connection Point on the Aerodynamic Performance of Darrieus Wind Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bianchini ◽  
Francesco Balduzzi ◽  
Giovanni Ferrara ◽  
Lorenzo Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Design Parameter ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Curvature Effects ◽  
Flow Curvature ◽  
Low Incidence

The assessment of robust CFD techniques is casting new light on the aerodynamics of airfoils rotating around an axis orthogonal to flow direction, with particular reference to flow curvature effects and stall mechanisms. In particular, Darrieus wind turbines’ designers are taking profit from these new discovers to improve the aerodynamic design of the rotors, in view of an increase of the overall efficiency and a reduction of the structural stresses on the blades. A controversial design parameter for Darrieus turbines, especially in case of small-size rotors, is represented by the location of the blade-spoke connection along the chord. The most common solution is indeed to place the connection at approximately airfoil’s quarter chord, i.e. where the pressure center is commonly located for low incidence angles. In some cases, however, the blade is connected at middle chord due to symmetry or aesthetic reasons. In some small turbines, innovative designs have even disregarded this parameter. Even if one can argue that the blade connection point is about to have some aerodynamic effects on the turbine’s performance, the real impact of this important design parameter is often not fully understood. The present study makes use of extensive CFD simulations on a literature case study, using a NACA 0021 airfoil, to assess the influence of the blade-spoke connection point. In particular, the differences in terms of power coefficient curve of the turbine, optimal tip-speed ratio, torque profiles and stresses on the connection are analyzed and discussed. Detailed flow analyses are also shown for azimuthal positions of particular interest. Results on the selected case study showed that the middle-chord blade-spoke connection point seems to guarantee a higher performance of the rotor, even if additional solicitation is applied to the connection itself. It is further shown that the same performance can indeed be obtained with the airfoil attached at quarter chord and properly pitched. By doing so, the stresses are contained and the performance is maximized.

Decoding the Globe: Globalism, Advertising, and Corporate Practice

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McHaffie
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Space Program ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Hewlett Packard ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Us ◽  
Corporate Practice

The current graphical rhetoric of advertising includes everything from images of the globe borrowed from the US space program (for example, Hewlett-Packard Corp. computer systems), to pseudotribal renderings of a very different sort [for example, Minute Maid's (The Coca Cola Co.) Fruitopia]. The use of these images are part of what Goldman calls the economy of ‘commodity signs’, where produced meanings are linked to commodities through the medium of the print or broadcast advertisement. The increased incorporation of global images in Western advertising presents an opportunity to analyze the ideological underpinning of the ‘new global economy’. The sheer volume of purchased advertising space places these often confusing images before our eyes at an increasing pace, producing meanings which tend to obfuscate and fetishize discourse related to globalism. A decoding of specific advertisements with the use of the Hewlett-Packard Corporation as a case study, juxtaposed against the real spatial practices of the company will reveal ruptures, contradictions, and incoherence in advertising messages which appropriate the symbolic power of global images.

scholarly journals Improving the Downwind Sail Design Process by Means of a Novel FSI Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Antonino Cirello ◽  
Tommaso Ingrassia ◽  
Antonio Mancuso ◽  
Vincenzo Nigrelli ◽  
Davide Tumino
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Real ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Sailing Yacht ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Effective Use

The process of designing a sail can be a challenging task because of the difficulties in predicting the real aerodynamic performance. This is especially true in the case of downwind sails, where the evaluation of the real shapes and aerodynamic forces can be very complex because of turbulent and detached flows and the high-deformable behavior of structures. Of course, numerical methods are very useful and reliable tools to investigate sail performances, and their use, also as a result of the exponential growth of computational resources at a very low cost, is spreading more and more, even in not highly competitive fields. This paper presents a new methodology to support sail designers in evaluating and optimizing downwind sail performance and manufacturing. A new weakly coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) procedure has been developed to study downwind sails. The proposed method is parametric and automated and allows for investigating multiple kinds of sails under different sailing conditions. The study of a gennaker of a small sailing yacht is presented as a case study. Based on the numerical results obtained, an analytical formulation for calculating the sail corner loads has been also proposed. The novel proposed methodology could represent a promising approach to allow for the widespread and effective use of numerical methods in the design and manufacturing of yacht sails.

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