Compensation of reactive power as a method for reducing energy losses: On the example of calculations and measurements of load flow through the distribution transformer in one of the polish distribution network

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wysocki ◽  
Marcin Szlosek
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reducing Energy

scholarly journals Analysis of Technical Loss Calculation Using Load Curve Approach on 20 kV Distribution Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Rizky Rahmat Maulana ◽  
S Salahuddin ◽  
E Ezwarsyah ◽  
Baharuddin Ismail ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
System Energy

Energy loss (losses) is the loss of a certain amount of energy generated when it is distributed to consumers so that it affects the profitability of the company concerned. The size of the losses from an electric power system shows the level of efficiency of the system, the lower the percentage of losses that occur the more efficient the system. Energy losses in the distribution network are generally divided into two, namely technical and non-technical losses. The calculation of technical losses in the 20 KV medium distribution network of PT PLN (Persero) Ulp Matang Glumpang Dua is carried out using the load curve approach method and using the help of the Microsoft Exel program, while the technical losses calculated are technical losses on the Medium Voltage Network and Distribution Transformer. From the results of the analysis of the calculation of technical losses in 2020, the total technical loss value at MG-01 Matang City is in the range of 13.8% to 20.8% which consists of the average technical loss in the Medium Voltage Network feeder of 0.02%. and the loss of Distribution Transformer by 17.6%.

scholarly journals Optimal Microgrid–Interactive Reactive Power Management for Day–Ahead Operation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275
Author(s):  
Martha N. Acosta ◽  
Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt ◽  
Danijel Topić ◽  
Manuel A. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch ◽  
Local Measurements

The replacement of conventional generation sources by DER creates the need to carefully manage the reactive power maintaining the power system safe operation. The principal trend is to increase the DER volume connected to the distribution network in the coming years. Therefore, the microgrid represents an alternative to offer reactive power management due to excellent controllability features embedded in the DER, which enable effective interaction between the microgrid and the distribution network. This paper proposes a microgrid–iterative reactive power management approach of power-electronic converter based renewable technologies for day-ahead operation. It is designed to be a centralised control based on local measurements, which provides the optimal reactive power dispatch and minimise the total energy losses inside the microgrid and maintain the voltage profile within operational limits. The proposed optimal-centralised control is contrasted against seven local reactive power controls using a techno-economic approach considering the steady–state voltage profile, the energy losses, and the reactive power costs as performance metrics. Three different reactive power pricing are proposed. The numerical results demonstrate the optimal microgrid–interactive reactive power management is the most suitable techno-economic reactive power control for the day–ahead operation.

scholarly journals Distribution Network Reliability and Efficiency Enhancement Using Distributed Generation

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Raymond Onyeka Nwajuonye ◽  
Innocent Ifeanyi Okonkwo ◽  
Johnpaul I. Iloh
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Voltage Limit ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

The Nigerian power sector is faced with many challenges such as: generation deficit, inefficiency and power loss over lengthy transmission and distribution lines, contribution to greenhouse gas emission, weak and dilapidated transmission and distribution infrastructure, dependence on fossil fuels, insufficient power. Efforts should be put in place by relevant authorities to improve the power sector. With the distribution network being the closest to the final consumer, efforts should be made to make it more efficient. This study therefore aims at improving the performance of poor distribution network using Distributed Generation (DG), optimally placed and sized in the network.  The Asaba, 2 X 15MVA, 33/11kV injection substation in Asaba, Delta state of Nigeria consisting of Anwai road feeder and SPC feeder radiating outwardly from this injection substation was the focus of this study. Relevant data collected from Benin Electricity Distribution Company (BEDC) was used to carry out load flow study. The simulation and analysis of the result and injection of photovoltaic (PV) DG of Asaba injection substation distribution network using Newton-Raphson iteration technique in ETAP 12.6environment to ascertain the overall performance of the network under base loading condition was modelled from a drawn detailed single line diagram of the network. DGs were optimally placed in specific buses in the network using loss sensitivity analysis. The result revealed that prior to DG placement in the network, only 10.4% of the buses were within statutory voltage limit (394.25V – 435.75V or 0.95p.u – 1.05p.u) and 89.6% of the load buses in the network violated the statutory voltage limit and high losses (active and reactive) of 1329.08kW and 2031kVar. After the optimal placement of DG, the active and reactive power losses on the network reduced by 57.5% and 70.7%. While the voltage profile improved by 94.8%, thereby increasing the capacity, reliability and efficiency of distribution network.  

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CONTROL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION OF DISTRIBUTED SOURCES GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND MEANS OF ITS ACCUMULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
A.F. Zharkin ◽  
◽  
V.O. Novskiy ◽  
V.A. Popov ◽  
O.S. Yarmoliuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Controlled Switching ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units

New technological solutions have been proposed that allow effective reduction of electrical energy losses in distribution networks with local generation sources and storage units due to the possibility of dynamic control of the network configuration. The conditions for the rational use of remotely controlled switching devices have been substantiated and an algorithm for controlling their operation has been developed. The possibility of using power electronics devices is demonstrated and an approach to their operation is proposed in order to create optimal flows of active and reactive power in the distribution network circuit to minimize energy losses. References 9, figures 3.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Data-based Three-Stage Algorithm to Calculate Power and Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Grigoras ◽  
Bogdan-Constantin Neagu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Power And Energy

In the paper, an improved smart meter data-based three-stage algorithm to calculate the power/energy losses in the three-phase low voltage (LV) distribution networks was proposed. In the first stage, an loading procedure of input data was built, being able to work simultaneously with files containing the active and reactive power profiles provided by smart meters and typical profiles associated to consumers without smart meters, based on the energy consumption categories, day type (weekend and working), and season type, knowing the daily energy indexes, in the second stage, a structure vectors-based algorithm was implemented to recognize the network topology, and in the third stage, an improved version of forward/backward sweep-based algorithm was proposed to calculate fast the power/energy losses to three-phase LV distribution networks in balanced and unbalanced regime. A real LV rural distribution network from a pilot zone belonging to a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) from Romania was used to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The results were compared with those obtained using the DigSilent PowerFactory Professional Software, the MAPE being by 0.94%.

scholarly journals Voltage stability in distribution network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sboniso Brutus Masikana
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Voltage Instability ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
The Impact

Voltage stability studies and to maintain the flat voltage profile is quite important in order to maintain the healthy operation of electric power network as well as to provide the quality and cheap electric energy to the modern power users. Further with the advancement of power electronics technologies and its application to design flexible alternating current transmission devices (FACTS) have made it easier to alleviate the voltage stability problem in a quicker and cheaper way in the modern DNs. Therefore, this research work shows an attempt to investigate and solve the problem of voltage instability in the distribution network (DN) with the help of FACTS. All buses and lines are calculated in terms of voltage stability index (VSI) and to identify the optimal location of FACTS. The bus or line with minimum voltage profile in terms of VSI are more sensitive to the voltage collapse and it may further lead to blackouts. Hence, the FACTS are permanently installed at the weakest point to enhance voltage profile and improve the voltage stability in the DN. The present study is tested on standard IEEE-15 bus DN and application results are shown to verify the feasibility of the present studies for DN. The beauty and future promise of UPFC in power quality improvement was authenticated on the IEEE-15 bus DN carried out using MATLAB software tool, five different scenarios were considered by increasing the load up to 40% at an interval of 10% from its nominal operating load. With the aim of determining the impact of UPFC on bus voltage and system losses, the load flow analysis was contributed on each scenario with and without UPFC placement in the DN. After UPFC placement there was a significant enhancement of voltages of all busses as well as weakest bus voltage jump from 0.5750 to 0.9750 p.u. and shifting that bus as well as system from voltage instability to stable zone. The active and reactive power loses were decrease by 9.83% and 27.27% that fulfil the beauty of the UPFC installation in the DNs as well as it promise to mitigate the voltage instability problem of the modern DNs

scholarly journals Optimal Placement of Capacitor to Enhance the Efficiency of the Distribution Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2877-2881 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Load Flow Analysis ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Shunt Capacitor

In this paper optimal placement of capacitor is carried out by using exhaustive load flow analysis for minimization of the power loss at different loading conditions. The shunt capacitor mainly used for reactive power compensation to maintain the good p.f in the network to improve the overall performance of the distribution networks. The obtained results are satisfactory interms of improvement in the efficiency of the distribution network operation.

scholarly journals Distribution system power quality compensation using a HSeAPF based on SRF and SMC features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Qashou ◽  
Sufian Yousef ◽  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Amani A. AlOmari
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Phase Locked Loop ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Non Linear

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSeAPF) system to improve the quality of power on three-phase power distribution grids. The system controls are comprise of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based on the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory, and supported by Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for generating the switching pulses to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The DC link voltage is controlled by Non-Linear Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for faster response and to ensure that it is maintained at a constant value. When this voltage is compared with Proportional Integral (PI), then the improvements made can be shown. The function of HSeAPF control is to eliminate voltage fluctuations, voltage swell/sag, and prevent voltage/current harmonics are produced by both non-linear loads and small inverters connected to the distribution network. A digital Phase Locked Loop that generates frequencies and an oscillating phase-locked output signal controls the voltage. The results from the simulation indicate that the HSeAPF can effectively suppress the dynamic and harmonic reactive power compensation system. Also, the distribution network has a low Total Harmonic Distortion (< 5%), demonstrating that the designed system is efficient, which is an essential requirement when it comes to the IEEE-519 and IEC 61,000–3-6 standards.

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