A Review of Active Power and Frequency Control in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Rida Tur ◽  
Ramazan Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power

scholarly journals Investigations of Decoupled Trigonometric Saturated and Fuzzy Logic Techniques for the Automatic Frequency Control of Islanded Microgrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Alshehri ◽  
Sreerama Kumar R.
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Automatic Frequency ◽  
Islanded Microgrid ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

This paper involves the investigation of new techniques for the automatic load frequency control of islanded Microgrids. Microgrids are being established as a part of smart grid environment. In modern power systems, smart grid represents the solution for many of traditional power system problems such as frequency fluctuations. Frequency fluctuations have negative consequences in terms of electrical equipment life, production cost and production losses relative to costumers and electricity producers. So, the frequency of power system must be kept in acceptable range. In order to operate a power system with fixed frequency, it is necessary to always maintain a balance between the generation and the consumption of active power. The frequency droop control methods are widely used to control active power and frequency of the parallel synchronous generators in the traditional power grid. At present, this method has also been applied to the control of parallel inverters to share the load demand in proportion to their ratings. In order to improve the frequency control of traditional droop control technique applied in islanded microgrid, It is proposed to investigate the Decoupled Trigonometric Saturated (DTS) and fuzzy droop control techniques on islanded microgrids which uses meshed parallel inverter systems. To verify the performance of the proposed ALFC based on Decupled trigonometric saturated controller, fuzzy PI controller the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used.

scholarly journals An Autonomous Power-Frequency Control Strategy Based on Load Virtual Synchronous Generator

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangbei Han ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Ning Liang ◽  
Qi Song ◽  
Pengcheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Oscillation ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Generator

With the increasing penetration of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid in power systems, an inertia decrease of the microgrid is caused. Many scholars have put forward the concept of a virtual synchronous generator, which enables the converters of the microgrid to possess the characteristics of a synchronous generator, thus providing inertia support for the microgrid. Nevertheless, the problems of active power oscillation and unbalance would be serious when multiple virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) operate in the microgrid. To conquer these problems, a VSG-based autonomous power-frequency control strategy is proposed, which not only independently allocates the power grid capacity according to the load capacity, but also effectively suppresses the active power oscillation. In addition, by establishing a dynamic small-signal model of the microgrid, the dynamic stability of the proposed control strategy in the microgrid is verified, and further reveals the leading role of the VSG and filter in the dynamic stability of microgrids. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are validated by the simulation results.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of the Microgrid Concept Applied to Case Studies of the Sundom Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4223
Author(s):  
Katja Sirviö ◽  
Kimmo Kauhaniemi ◽  
Aushiq Ali Memon ◽  
Hannu Laaksonen ◽  
Lauri Kumpulainen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Test Use

The operation of microgrids is a complex task because it involves several stakeholders and controlling a large number of different active and intelligent resources or devices. Management functions, such as frequency control or islanding, are defined in the microgrid concept, but depending on the application, some functions may not be needed. In order to analyze the required functions for network operation and visualize the interactions between the actors operating a particular microgrid, a comprehensive use case analysis is needed. This paper presents the use case modelling method applied for microgrid management from an abstract or concept level to a more practical level. By utilizing case studies, the potential entities can be detected where the development or improvement of practical solutions is necessary. The use case analysis has been conducted from top-down until test use cases by real-time simulation models. Test use cases are applied to a real distribution network model, Sundom Smart Grid, with measurement data and newly developed controllers.. The functional analysis provides valuable results when studying several microgrid functions operating in parallel and affecting each other. For example, as shown in this paper, ancillary services provided by an active customer may mean that both the active power and reactive power from customer premises are controlled at the same time by different stakeholders.

Study on Dispersed Wind Power Connected to Power Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Xiang Ning Xiao ◽  
Zhi Chao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technology Indicators

The necessity for grid codes of the dispersed wind power connected to power grid is described briefly and the definition of the dispersed wind power is discussed compared with the distributed wind power in China. Aimed at the dispersed wind power, the main technology indicators of wind power grid codes between Denmark (below 100kV), Germany (below 60kV) and China in aspects of access principle, connection mode, active power / frequency control, reactive power / voltage control, fault ride through and power quality are compared to provide reference for the modification and completion of the dispersed wind power grid code in China.

scholarly journals STUDI ANALISIS GOVERNOR SEBAGAI LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL PADA PLTG MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Gusti Made Ngurah Christy Aryanata ◽  
I Nengah Suweden ◽  
I Made Mataram
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Frequency Changes

A good electrical power system is a system that can serve the load in a sustainable and stable voltage and frequency. Changes in frequency occur due to the demand of loads that change from time to time. The frequency setting of the PLTG power system depends on the active power charge in the system. This active power setting is done by adjusting the magnitude of the generator drive coupling. The frequency setting is done by increasing and decreasing the amount of primary energy (fuel) and carried on the governor. Simulation in governor analysis study as load frequency control at PLTG using fuzzy logic controller is done by giving four types of cultivation that is 0,1 pu, 0,2pu, 0,3 pu and 0,4 pu. The simulation is done to compare the dynamic frequency response output and the resulting stability time using fuzzy logic controller with PI controller. Based on the results of comparative analysis conducted to prove that governor as load frequency control using fuzzy logic control is better than using PI controller. This can be seen from the output response frequency and time stability.

scholarly journals Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6485
Author(s):  
Melanie Hoffmann ◽  
Harold R. Chamorro ◽  
Marc René Lotz ◽  
José M. Maestre ◽  
Kumars Rouzbehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Response

The increasing deployment of wind power is reducing inertia in power systems. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology can help to improve the stability of AC areas in which a frequency response is required. Moreover, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) networks can be optimized to distribute active power to several AC areas by droop control setting schemes that adjust converter control parameters. To this end, in this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to improve the primary frequency response in AC areas considering several grid limitations and constraints. The frequency control uses an optimization process that minimizes the frequency nadir and the settling time in the primary frequency response. Secondly, another layer is proposed for the redistribution of active power among several AC areas, if required, without reserving wind power capacity. This method takes advantage of the MTDC topology and considers the grid code limitations at the same time. Two scenarios are defined to provide grid code-compliant frequency control.

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