Learning to evaluate conditional partial plans

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Nowaczyk ◽  
Jacek Malec
Keyword(s):  
Partial Plans

scholarly journals MILANO CHE SI COSTRUISCE: I PIANI REGOLATORI

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Rossari
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Partial Plans

The paper examines the urban development of Milan from 1859 to 1912. In the years between 1859 and 1884 the city developed in the wake of the first industrialization without a master plan and only partial plans were prepared for areas where building activities were already taking place. Planning therefore followed private initiative and even the 1876 plan by engineer Angelo Fasana was no more than a tool, without legal value, to guide and coordinate the involvement of the municipal administration. This led the Milan ruling classes to encourage the decentralization of large industries in order to avoid the onset of speculation and the resulting feared negative effects on housing areas. Following the scandal raised by the parcelling of the Lazzaretto, which began in 1880, and by the one proposed for the Piazza d’Armi, in 1883 engineer Cesare Beruto was given the task of studying an overall master plan. The gestation of the plan, long and often faced by opposition, ended with its adoption in 1889 following three earlier drafts (1884, 1885, 1888). The present paper illustrates the conceptual lines and the most important issues of the plan: the size of the blocks, the definition of the green areas and the design of the Piazza d’Armi, and outlines the results of its application over two decades at the turn of the nineteenth century. Finally, the paper discusses - taking also into account subsequent plans, such as the one of 1912 by Pavia and Masera and the one of 1934 by Albertini - the long persistence of the “radial” growth model, outlined by Beruto, and the crucial impact it has had on the image of Milan.

scholarly journals La calle proyectada en el planeamiento urbanístico reciente. Murcia, 2001-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
Fernando Miguel García Martín ◽  
Marcos Ros Sempere ◽  
María José Silvente Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Bubble ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The City ◽  
Partial Plans

The 'prodigious decade' of Spanish urbanism caused a large expansion of urban lands, but also a much greater amount of planned but undeveloped land. The planning for this 'expectant city' is a challenge for the future of our cities. In this work, the streets proposed in these plans are analysed by evaluating their dimensional characteristics (surface and width) and their habitability (pedestrian-cyclist space and previsions of tree lines). The research is focused on the city of Murcia, paradigmatic case of the expansive urbanism typical of the real estate bubble. We have studied 2,096 streets from 92 partial plans approved during the period 2002-2013. The results show how the analysed variables change according to the use and density of the sectors and can be useful to evaluate the improvement of the habitability of these streets before their execution.

scholarly journals The Role of Macros in Tractable Planning

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 471-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Time And Space ◽  
Planning Problems ◽  
Partial Plans ◽  
Theoretical Results

This paper presents several new tractability results for planning based on macros. We describe an algorithm that optimally solves planning problems in a class that we call inverted tree reducible, and is provably tractable for several subclasses of this class. By using macros to store partial plans that recur frequently in the solution, the algorithm is polynomial in time and space even for exponentially long plans. We generalize the inverted tree reducible class in several ways and describe modifications of the algorithm to deal with these new classes. Theoretical results are validated in experiments.

scholarly journals A Domain-Independent Algorithm for Plan Adaptation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 319-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hanks ◽  
D. S. Weld
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Algorithm ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Plan Adaptation ◽  
Refinement Operators ◽  
Partial Plans ◽  
Domain Independent ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Do So

The paradigms of transformational planning, case-based planning, and plan debugging all involve a process known as plan adaptation - modifying or repairing an old plan so it solves a new problem. In this paper we provide a domain-independent algorithm for plan adaptation, demonstrate that it is sound, complete, and systematic, and compare it to other adaptation algorithms in the literature. Our approach is based on a view of planning as searching a graph of partial plans. Generative planning starts at the graph's root and moves from node to node using plan-refinement operators. In planning by adaptation, a library plan - an arbitrary node in the plan graph - is the starting point for the search, and the plan-adaptation algorithm can apply both the same refinement operators available to a generative planner and can also retract constraints and steps from the plan. Our algorithm's completeness ensures that the adaptation algorithm will eventually search the entire graph and its systematicity ensures that it will do so without redundantly searching any parts of the graph.

scholarly journals Structural plan similarity based on refinements in the space of partial plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Sánchez-Ruiz ◽  
Santiago Ontañón
Keyword(s):  
Structural Plan ◽  
Partial Plans

scholarly journals HTN Planning as Heuristic Progression Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 835-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Höller ◽  
Pascal Bercher ◽  
Gregor Behnke ◽  
Susanne Biundo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Partial Ordering ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Htn Planning ◽  
Partial Plans

The majority of search-based HTN planning systems can be divided into those searching a space of partial plans (a plan space) and those performing progression search, i.e., that build the solution in a forward manner. So far, all HTN planners that guide the search by using heuristic functions are based on plan space search. Those systems represent the set of search nodes more effectively by maintaining a partial ordering between tasks, but they have only limited information about the current state during search. In this article, we propose the use of progression search as basis for heuristic HTN planning systems. Such systems can calculate their heuristics incorporating the current state, because it is tracked during search. Our contribution is the following: We introduce two novel progression algorithms that avoid unnecessary branching when the problem at hand is partially ordered and show that both are sound and complete. We show that defining systematicity is problematic for search in HTN planning, propose a definition, and show that it is fulfilled by one of our algorithms. Then, we introduce a method to apply arbitrary classical planning heuristics to guide the search in HTN planning. It relaxes the HTN planning model to a classical model that is only used for calculating heuristics. It is updated during search and used to create heuristic values that are used to guide the HTN search. We show that it can be used to create HTN heuristics with interesting theoretical properties like safety, goal-awareness, and admissibility. Our empirical evaluation shows that the resulting system outperforms the state of the art in search-based HTN planning.

scholarly journals Alternativas de diálogo sustentable para procesos de desarrollo urbano: Resguardo Muisca de Bosa, Colombia/ Sustainable dialogue alternatives for urban development processes: Muisca de Bosa Reservation, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Partial Plans

Resumen Este artículo expone la investigación llevada a cabo en el territorio de la Comunidad Indígena de Bosa con el objetivo de valorar escenarios de diálogo participativo pluricultural en procesos de desarrollo urbano. Para ello se estructuró una metodología crítico hermenéutica a partir del estudio de caso, en la que se contrastó un marco teórico construido desde la noción de participación aplicada a procesos de desarrollo urbano y conceptos extraídos de la Sustentabilidad Ambiental Urbana, con el proceso seguido para la formulación de los Planes Parciales ‘El Edén – El descanso’ y ‘Campo Verde’. En tal sentido, los resultados obtenidos confirman la falta de una inclusión real de la comunidad en las propuestas de desarrollo urbano que se busca sobreponer a su territorio ancestral y la existencia de un acervo cultural que debe ser protegido como saber local, que puede propiciar un desarrollo comunitario de escala local y ambientalmente sustentable. Se concluye, que tales hallazgos permitió evidenciar la necesidad de entender el territorio como espacio de derechos para construir plataformas participativas que permitan comprender cómo la estructura de la política pública puede salvaguardar el bienestar público sobre los intereses privados en defensa de territorios ancestrales. Abstract This article presents the research carried out in the territory of the Indigenous Community of Bosa with the aim of assessing scenarios of pluricultural participatory dialogue in urban development processes. For this, a critical hermeneutical methodology was structured based on the case study, in which a theoretical framework built from the notion of participation applied to urban development processes and concepts extracted from Urban Environmental Sustainability was contrasted, with the process followed for the Formulation of the Partial Plans 'El Edén - El Descanso' and 'Campo Verde'. In this sense, the results obtained confirm the lack of a real inclusion of the community in the urban development proposals that seek to overcome their ancestral territory and the existence of a cultural heritage that must be protected as local knowledge, which can promote a community development on a local and environmentally sustainable scale. It is concluded that such findings made it possible to demonstrate the need to understand the territory as a space of rights to build participatory platforms that allow understanding how the structure of public policy can safeguard public welfare over private interests in defense of ancestral territories.

scholarly journals De la urbanización a la intervención urbana estratégica: Instrumentos de planificación intermedia en Costa Rica

REVISTARQUIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Allan Jiménez Céspedes
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Municipal Planning ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
Partial Plans

ResumenEl presente artículo analiza el contexto y las posibilidades normativas del país para implementar estrategias de planificación de grandes conjuntos urbanos. Este tipo de planificación se ubica entre los planes reguladores locales y la ejecución del proyecto individual. Su aplicación tiene el alcance del conocido pero nunca aplicado “plan maestro”. Los actuales formatos de transformación del suelo en Costa Rica impiden un abordaje integral de grandes conjuntos urbanos. La separación práctica de la figura de la urbanización y del condominio ha generado una mejor salida en el mercado inmobiliario del segundo. Grandes áreas de la ciudad han sido intervenidas bajo el formato de condominio horizontal. Esta práctica aceptada e institucionalizada, provoca que la trama urbana existente experimente un proceso de sobrecarga. Al mismo tiempo, el condominio horizontal se considera exento de las cesiones que el desarrollo inmobiliario debe brindar a la ciudad. La renovación urbana, inexplorada pero existente en nuestra normativa, abraza muchas de las posibilidades para la implementación de diferentes procesos de escala intermedia. AbstractThis paper analyzes the opportunities of Costa Rica to implement planning strategies for large urban sectors. This kind of planning takes place between municipal planning (local government) and specific (urban) projects, in which case, replaces the quite known but difficult to apply “master plan”. The current patterns of urban development and real estate in Costa Rica, prevent an integrated approach on large urban sectors. The lack of commercial advantages of the traditional urban development versus the gated community has provoked that large sectors of the city have been intervened as closed environments. The consequences of this very profitable and institutionalized practiceare the overload on existing urban areas and the deficit of public facilities, which are necessary for an adequate urban growth. The urban renewal concept, unexplored but present in Costa Rican urban regulations, sets up the ground rules for the approach to large urban areas, also known as partial plans.

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