7Be aerosols in the Arctic atmosphere - modelling of air mass trajectories

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ioannidou ◽  
Jussi Paatero
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Air Mass Trajectories ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Сlimate-active aerosol components in the Siberian Arctic, by data from new-developed research aerosol station on island Bely 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Popovicheva ◽  
Vasilii Kobelev ◽  
Marina Chichaeva ◽  
Nikolai Kasimov ◽  
Antony Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Arctic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Pollution ◽  
Siberian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

<p>Black carbon is a short - living climate forcer, it plays a significant role especially in the Arctic environment due to heating the atmosphere and changing the radiation balance while depositing on snow and ice. Analysis of black carbon (BC) in the Arctic atmosphere shows a contribution of anthropogenic combustion of fossil fuels and natural wildfires to the Arctic atmosphere chemistry as well as of the main characteristics of Arctic aerosol pollution. Presently, assessments of the environment and climate change in the Siberian Arctic are strongly complicated by an existing lack of knowledge about emission sources, quantity, and composition of the aerosol pollution defining the impacts on an Arctic ecosystem.</p><p>Research aerosol station is firstly installed on island Bely located in Kara sea, Siberian Arctic. It takes place on the pathway of air mass from the Northern Siberia region of high anthropogenic and gas flaring activity to the Arctic. Presently, assessments of the environment and climate change in this region are strongly complicated by an existing lack of knowledge about emission sources, quantity and composition of the aerosol pollution defining the impacts on an Arctic ecosystem. Aethalometer and aerosol sampling system is continuously operated on the aerosol station in order to analyze black carbon and chemical characteristics including ionic and elemental composition. Annual BC trend obtained from august 2019 to September 2020 shows the typical Arctic aerosol tendency of a seasonal variability, disturbed by episodes of large-scale emission transportation.</p><p>Unprecedented high BC is observed in September 2020 at the research aerosol station on the island Bely. The BC concentrations early in September were exceeded 20 times the arctic background. They are found to be even higher than the highest arctic haze concentrations observed in December 2019.   Monthly averaged black carbon concentration in September 2020 exceeded 3 times that one in previous summer months. Such strong event is a result of large-scale air mass transportation from Eurasian continent in the period of strong wildfires in western Siberia, namely in Krasnoyarsk Kray and Yakutia, where around one million hectares of forest were burned out in August 2020. </p><p>Basic researches of aerosol characteristics as a tracer of anthropogenic emissions are supported by Russian Fond for Basic Research, project №18-60084.</p><p>.</p>

scholarly journals International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere: An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneil Uttal ◽  
Sandra Starkweather ◽  
James R. Drummond ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Alexander P. Makshtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Network Measurements ◽  
International Polar ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) activities and partnerships were initiated as a part of the 2007–09 International Polar Year (IPY) and are expected to continue for many decades as a legacy program. The IASOA focus is on coordinating intensive measurements of the Arctic atmosphere collected in the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland, and Greenland to create synthesis science that leads to an understanding of why and not just how the Arctic atmosphere is evolving. The IASOA premise is that there are limitations with Arctic modeling and satellite observations that can only be addressed with boots-on-the-ground, in situ observations and that the potential of combining individual station and network measurements into an integrated observing system is tremendous. The IASOA vision is that by further integrating with other network observing programs focusing on hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, terrestrial, and biological systems it will be possible to understand the mechanisms of the entire Arctic system, perhaps well enough for humans to mitigate undesirable variations and adapt to inevitable change.

scholarly journals Planetary and synoptic scale adjustment of the Arctic atmosphere to sea ice cover changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sokolova ◽  
K. Dethloff ◽  
A. Rinke ◽  
A. Benkel
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

scholarly journals The Water and Energy Budget of the Arctic Atmosphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2515-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tido Semmler ◽  
Daniela Jacob ◽  
K. Heinke Schlünzen ◽  
Ralf Podzun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract The Arctic plays a major role in the global circulation, and its water and energy budget is not as well explored as that in other regions of the world. The aim of this study is to calculate the climatological mean water and energy fluxes depending on the season and on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through the lower, lateral, and upper boundaries of the Arctic atmosphere north of 70°N. The relevant fluxes are derived from results of the regional climate model (REMO 5.1), which is applied to the Arctic region for the time period 1979–2000. Model forcing data are a combination of 15-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-15) data and analysis data. The annual and seasonal total water and energy fluxes derived from REMO 5.1 results are very similar to the fluxes calculated from observational and reanalysis data, although there are some differences in the components. The agreement between simulated and observed total fluxes shows that these fluxes are reliable. Even if differences between high and low NAO situations occur in our simulation consistent with previous studies, these differences are mostly smaller than the large uncertainties due to a small sample size of the NAO high and low composites.

scholarly journals Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the Canadian Arctic atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Ahrens ◽  
Mahiba Shoeib ◽  
Sabino Del Vento ◽  
Garry Codling ◽  
Crispin Halsall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Environmental contextPerfluoroalkyl compounds are of rising environmental concern because of their ubiquitous distribution in remote regions like the Arctic. The present study quantifies these contaminants in the gas and particle phases of the Canadian Arctic atmosphere. The results demonstrate the important role played by gas–particle partitioning in the transport and fate of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the atmosphere. AbstractPolyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in high-volume air samples during a ship cruise onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen crossing the Labrador Sea, Hudson Bay and the Beaufort Sea of the Canadian Arctic. Five PFC classes (i.e. perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorinated sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs)) were analysed separately in the gas phase collected on PUF/XAD-2 sandwiches and in the particle phase on glass-fibre filters (GFFs). The method performance of sampling, extraction and instrumental analysis were compared between two research groups. The FTOHs were the dominant PFCs in the gas phase (20–138 pg m–3), followed by the FOSEs (0.4–23 pg m–3) and FOSAs (0.5–4.7 pg m–3). The PFCAs could only be quantified in the particle phase with low levels (<0.04–0.18 pg m–3). In the particle phase, the dominant PFC class was the FOSEs (0.3–8.6 pg m–3). The particle-associated fraction followed the general trend of: FOSEs (~25 %) > FOSAs (~9 %) > FTOHs (~1 %). Significant positive correlation between ∑FOSA concentrations in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold Arctic surfaces, such as the sea-ice snowpack and surface seawater could be influencing FOSAs in the atmosphere.

Radiation in the Arctic Atmosphere and Atmosphere – Cryosphere Feedbacks

2020 ◽  
pp. 591-672
Author(s):  
Claudio Tomasi ◽  
Boyan H. Petkov ◽  
Angelo Lupi ◽  
Mauro Mazzola ◽  
Christian Lanconelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

scholarly journals Observation of HClO3 and HClO4 in the Arctic atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Jun Tham ◽  
Nina Sarnela ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
Iyer Siddharth ◽  
Lisa Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric halogens chemistry like the catalytic reaction of bromine and chlorine radicals with ozone (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) has been known to cause the springtime surface-ozone destruction in the polar region. Although the initial atmospheric reactions of chlorine with ozone are well understood, the &amp;#64257;nal oxidation steps leading to the formation of chlorate (ClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) and perchlorate (ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) remain unclear due to the lack of direct evidence of their presence and fate in the atmosphere. In this study, we present the first high-resolution ambient data set of gas-phase HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (chloric acid) and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (perchlorate acid) obtained from the field measurement at the Villum Research Station, Station Nord, in high arctic North Greenland (81&amp;#176;36&amp;#8217; N, 16&amp;#176;40&amp;#8217; W) during the spring of 2015. A state-of-the-art chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) was used in negative ion mode with nitrate ion as the reagent ion to detect the gas-phase HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. We measured significant level of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; only during the springtime ozone depletion events in the Greenland, with concentration up to 9x10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; molecule cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. Air mass trajectory analysis shows that the air during the ozone depletion event was confined to near-surface, indicating that the O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and surface of sea-ice/snowpack may play important roles in the formation of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. We used high-level quantum-chemical methods to calculate the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and cross-section of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in the gas-phase to assess their fates in the atmosphere. Overall, our results reveal the presence of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; during ozone depletion events, which could affect the chlorine chemistry in the Arctic atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modelled by ATLAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 22141-22182
Author(s):  
H. Nakajima ◽  
I. Wohltmann ◽  
T. Wegner ◽  
M. Takeda ◽  
M. C. Pitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Frost Point ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Cloud Evolution ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO and of HCl, ClO and HNO3 by MLS along air mass trajectories to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels, and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/10 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed, and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an airmass encountered PSCs. The observed and modelled dependence of the rate of chlorine activation on the PSC composition class was small. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident.

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