An approach to the calculation of general industrial nonlinear electrical loads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Fokeev ◽  
Bullat Subgatullin ◽  
Dmitry Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Loads

scholarly journals CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sam Hamels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Electrical Loads

The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.

Machine learning roles in advancing the power network stability due to deployments of renewable energies and electric vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nassereddine
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Charging Stations

AbstractRenewable energy sources are widely installed across countries. In recent years, the capacity of the installed renewable network supports large percentage of the required electrical loads. The relying on renewable energy sources to support the required electrical loads could have a catastrophic impact on the network stability under sudden change in weather conditions. Also, the recent deployment of fast charging stations for electric vehicles adds additional load burden on the electrical work. The fast charging stations require large amount of power for short period. This major increase in power load with the presence of renewable energy generation, increases the risk of power failure/outage due to overload scenarios. To mitigate the issue, the paper introduces the machine learning roles to ensure network stability and reliability always maintained. The paper contains valuable information on the data collection devises within the power network, how these data can be used to ensure system stability. The paper introduces the architect for the machine learning algorithm to monitor and manage the installed renewable energy sources and fast charging stations for optimum power grid network stability. Case study is included.

Simulating Waveforms of Electrical Loads via Current Superposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuzhan Zhou ◽  
Tong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Sun ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Jing Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Loads

scholarly journals Design of a Power System Supervisory Control with Linear Optimization for Electrical Load Management in an Aircraft On-Board DC Microgrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8580
Author(s):  
Luigi Rubino ◽  
Guido Rubino ◽  
Paolo Conti
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Optimal Energy Management ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Board System

In modern aircraft, energy supply management has become a critical matter, since many aboard electrical loads have to be supplied, especially those related to flight safety. However, at the same time, the size and weight of electrical generators must be limited because of their on-board installation. In this paper, the Mixed Integrated Linear Programming (MILP) methodology has been used to formulate the Supervisor definition of the direct current (DC) microgrid (MG) on-board system with an extension for the programmable loads. Due to the problem of dimension increase, two methods have been presented and tested to perform optimal energy management (EM) aboard an aircraft: the Branch and Bound (B&B) and the Linear Regression Approximation (LRA). Finally, numerical simulations and results have been provided to validate the proposed optimization methodologies, according to the dimensions and the complexity of the problem.

A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE THERMOELECTROELASTIC PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES WITH A DOUBLY PERIODIC ARRAY OF PIEZOELECTRIC FIBERS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1689-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENG YAN ◽  
CHIPING JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Periodic Array ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Uniform Temperature Field ◽  
Periodic Microstructures ◽  
Doubly Periodic Array ◽  
Electrical Loads

This work deals with modeling of 1-3 thermoelectroelastic composites with a doubly periodic array of piezoelectric fibers under arbitrary combination of mechanical, electrical loads and a uniform temperature field. The finite element method (FEM) based on a unit cell model is extended to take into account the thermoelectroelastic effect. The FE predictions of effective properties for several typical periodic microstructures are presented, and their influences on effective properties are discussed. A comparison with the Mori-Tanaka method is made to estimate the application scope of micromechanics. The study is useful for the design and assessment of composites.

Axisymmetric Thermal Stresses of a Piezoelectric Poroelastic Circular Solid Plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abjadi ◽  
Mohsen Jabbari ◽  
Ahmad Reza Khorshidvand
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Selenide ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Separation Of Variables ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Material Symmetry ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Cylindrical Coordinates ◽  
Solid Plate ◽  
Electrical Loads

Abstract This paper presents the steady-state thermoelasticity solution for a circular solid plate is made of an undrained porous piezoelectric hexagonal material symmetry of class 6 mm. The porosities of the plate vary through the thickness; thus, material properties, except Poisson's ratio, are assumed as exponential functions of axial variable z in cylindrical coordinates. Having axisymmetric general form, external thermal and electrical loads are acted on the plate and the piezothermoelastic behavior of the plate is investigated. Using a full analytical method based on Bessel Fourier's series and separation of variables, the governing partial differential equations are derived. A formulation is given for the displacements, electric potential, thermal stresses, and electric displacements resulting from prescribed the general form of thermal, mechanical, and electric boundary conditions. Finally, the application of the derived formulas is illustrated by an example for a cadmium selenide solid, the results of which are presented graphically. Also, the effects of material property indexes, the porosity, and Skempton coefficients are discussed on the displacements, thermal stresses, electrical potential function, and electric displacements.

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