Image Captioning for Near-Future Events from Vehicle Camera Images and Motion Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Mori ◽  
Tsubasa Hirakawa ◽  
Takayoshi Yamashita ◽  
Hironobu Fujiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Information ◽  
Image Captioning ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Future

Divergent theories, converging evidence: The constructional semantics of competing future constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract This paper investigates the alternation between two competing German future constructions, the werden + Infinitive construction and the futurate present, from a usage-based perspective. Two lines of evidence are combined: On the one hand, a pilot corpus study indicates that werden + Infinitive is more likely to be used for referring to distant-future events than to near-future events. However, syntactic factors seem to be at least as decisive as semantic ones for speakers’ choice between the two constructions. On the other hand, an experimental study taps into language users’ interpretation of sentences framed in one of the two constructions. It can be shown that the grammatical framing does not significantly affect participants’ estimates of the temporal distance of the events to which the stimuli sentences refer. This suggests that the meaning differences between the two constructions be more nuanced, e.g. pertaining to discourse-pragmatic functions.

Future Directions in Deinstitutionalization and Education: A Delphi Investigation

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne W. Putnam ◽  
Robert H. Bruininks
Keyword(s):  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Residential Services ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Future

A Delphi survey procedure was used to forecast future events and set goals relative to deinstitutionalization and educational services for handicapped children and youth. Thirty-three persons of varying organizational affiliations, occupations, and geographical locations participated in two rounds of mail surveys. Questionnaires presented forecasts for deinstitutionalization and residential services spanning the entire life cycle and educational services directed more at children and youth below 25 years of age. Among some of the major trends predicted were that the deinstitutionalization movement would not lose momentum and that community-based residential services would increasingly become available to all persons with handicaps. Panelists anticipated that children and youth with handicaps would be educated more in natural environments and situations, but did not foresee a wholesale movement of mildly handicapped students or special education teachers into regular classroom settings in the near future.

scholarly journals The remembering–imagining system

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A Conway ◽  
Catherine Loveday ◽  
Scott N Cole
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Episodic Future Thinking ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Images Of The Future ◽  
Near Future

Remembering and imagining are intricately related, particularly in imagining the future: episodic future thinking. It is proposed that remembering the recent past and imagining the near future take place in what we term the remembering–imagining system. The remembering–imagining system renders recently formed episodic memories and episodic imagined near-future events highly accessible. We suggest that this serves the purpose of integrating past, current, and future goal-related activities. When the remembering–imagining system is compromised, following brain damage and in psychological illnesses, the future cannot be effectively imagined and episodic future thinking may become dominated by dysfunctional images of the future.

scholarly journals Conscious Machines for Autonomous Agents and Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kadin
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Ieee International Conference

<div>Although consciousness has been difficult to define, most researchers in artificial intelligence would agree that AI systems to date have not exhibited anything resembling consciousness. But is a conscious machine possible in the near future? I suggest that a new definition of consciousness may provide a basis for developing a conscious machine. The key is pattern recognition of correlated events in time, leading to the identification of a unified self-agent. Such a conscious system can create a simplified virtual environment, revise it to reflect updated sensor inputs, and partition the environment into self, other agents, and relevant objects. It can track recent time sequences of events, predict future events based on models and patterns in memory, and attribute causality to events and agents. It can make rapid decisions based on incomplete data, and can dynamically learn new responses based on appropriate measures of success and failure. The central aspect of consciousness is the generation of a dynamic narrative, a real-time model of a self-agent pursuing goals in a virtual reality. A conscious machine of this type may be implemented using an appropriate neural network linked to episodic memories. Near-term applications may include autonomous vehicles and online agents for cybersecurity.</div><div>Paper presented at virtual IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC), Nov. 2021. To be published in conference proceedings 2022.</div>

scholarly journals Conscious Machines for Autonomous Agents and Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kadin
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Ieee International Conference

<div>Although consciousness has been difficult to define, most researchers in artificial intelligence would agree that AI systems to date have not exhibited anything resembling consciousness. But is a conscious machine possible in the near future? I suggest that a new definition of consciousness may provide a basis for developing a conscious machine. The key is pattern recognition of correlated events in time, leading to the identification of a unified self-agent. Such a conscious system can create a simplified virtual environment, revise it to reflect updated sensor inputs, and partition the environment into self, other agents, and relevant objects. It can track recent time sequences of events, predict future events based on models and patterns in memory, and attribute causality to events and agents. It can make rapid decisions based on incomplete data, and can dynamically learn new responses based on appropriate measures of success and failure. The central aspect of consciousness is the generation of a dynamic narrative, a real-time model of a self-agent pursuing goals in a virtual reality. A conscious machine of this type may be implemented using an appropriate neural network linked to episodic memories. Near-term applications may include autonomous vehicles and online agents for cybersecurity.</div><div>Paper presented at virtual IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC), Nov. 2021. To be published in conference proceedings 2022.</div>

Future and Past Autobiographical Memory in Persons With HIV Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Sullivan ◽  
David P. Sheppard ◽  
Briana Johnson ◽  
Jennifer L. Thompson ◽  
Luis D. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Episodic Simulation ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Future

Objective: While HIV disease is associated with declarative memory impairment, the ability of people with HIV (PWH) to describe past and future autobiographical events is not known. The constructive episodic simulation hypothesis asserts that one’s ability to imagine future autobiographical events relies on the construction of details from past autobiographical memories and plays a role in adaptive behavior. Method: Participants included 63 PWH and 28 seronegative individuals ages 50 and older who completed standardized neurocognitive and everyday functioning assessments. Participants described four events from the recent past and four imagined events in the near future, details from which were classified as internal or external to the main event. Results: PWH produced fewer autobiographical details with a small-to-medium effect sizes, but did not differ from seronegative participants in meta-cognitive ratings of their performance. The study groups did not vary across past or future probes or internal versus external details; however, within the entire sample, past events were described in greater detail than future events, and more external than internal details were produced. Within PWH, the production of fewer internal details for future events was moderately associated with poorer prospective memory, executive dysfunction, and errors on a laboratory-based task of medication management. Conclusions: Older PWH may experience difficulty generating autobiographical details from the past and simulated events in the future, which may be related to executive dyscontrol of memory processes. Future studies might examine the role of these deficits in health behaviors such as medication adherence and retention in healthcare.

Mental Simulation and Preference Consistency over Time: The Role of Process- versus Outcome-Focused Thoughts

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhao ◽  
Steve Hoeffler ◽  
Gal Zauberman
Keyword(s):  
Process Simulation ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Integrate Research ◽  
Over Time

Research on choice over time has found that people tend to focus on concrete aspects of near-future events and abstract aspects of distant-future events. Furthermore, a focus on concrete aspects heightens the feasibility-related components, whereas a focus on abstract aspects heightens the desirability-related components, which can lead to preference inconsistency over time. In this research, the authors integrate research on choice over time with mental simulation. They propose and show that counter to people's natural tendencies, outcome simulation for near-future events and process simulation for distant-future events lead to preference consistency over time. The results also suggest that outcome timing moderates the effectiveness of process versus outcome simulation.

Dissecting Dispositionality: Distance Increases Stability of Attribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Körner ◽  
Sophie Moritz ◽  
Roland Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Near Future

Causes of behavior are often classified as either dispositional (e.g., personality) or situational (e.g., circumstances). However, the disposition–situation dichotomy confounds locus (internal vs. external) and stability (unstable vs. stable) of attribution, rendering it unclear whether locus or stability drives changes in dispositionality. In the present research, we examine the dispositional shift—that is, psychologically distant (vs. near) events are attributed to dispositional (vs. situational) causes. Using construal level theory, we hypothesize that the dispositional shift is caused by a change in stability (but not necessarily locus) of attribution. Two experiments support this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, distant (vs. near) future events were attributed to more stable causes. In Experiment 2, actions by a socially distant person (vs. oneself) were also attributed to more stable (but also more internal) causes. Thus, important psychological manipulations, here psychological distance, can influence causal dimensions selectively, supporting the independence of stability and locus of attribution.

Spectrophotometric reductions with an IBM 1620

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
P.-I. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Astronomical Data ◽  
Spectrophotometric Data ◽  
Electronic Computers ◽  
The University ◽  
Near Future

Nowadays more and more of the reductions of astronomical data are made with electronic computers. As we in Uppsala have an IBM 1620 at the University, we have taken it to our help with reductions of spectrophotometric data. Here I will briefly explain how we use it now and how we want to use it in the near future.

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