Chain of Digital Data Blocks Linked by a Numeric Linear Block Correction Code, as an Alternative to the Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Terentyev
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Linear Block

Blockchain Encryption on Student Academic Transcripts using a Smart Contract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Primasatria Edastama ◽  
Ninda Lutfiani ◽  
Qurotul Aini ◽  
Suryari Purnama ◽  
Isabella Yaumil Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Data Storage System

As an innovation in the world of computers, blockchain has many benefits and is also widely applied in the world of education. Blockchain itself has many advantages, especially in the world of education. Blockchain is a digital data storage system that consists of many servers (multiserver). In this Blockchain technology, data created by one server can be replicated and verified by another server. By using this technology with a decentralized system and strong cryptography and can help colleges or universities to build infrastructure in the archive storage of transcripts, diplomas, and diplomas. Usage One of the blockchain technology applications in education is iBC, namely the e-learning Blockchain Certificate, book copyright, and also e-Portfolios. iBC or e-learning Blockchain Certificate is a tool designed to create, verify and also issue blockchain certificates. As has been supported by the IBC to create certificates that are globally verified and stored in a decentralized manner. Here will be presented use cases that are relevant in the use of Blockchain technology in educational environments, especially data processing in universities and we also try to design an IBC based on blockchain technology that can be used to support transparency and accountability of colleges or universities in issuing diplomas and grades. 

scholarly journals Towards a blockchain-based framework for traceability in compliance with GS1

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (SI1) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Hoai-Nam Nguyen ◽  
Minh-Thinh Le ◽  
Duc-Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Van Le ◽  
Nguyen Huynh-Tuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Computer Software System

Traceability not only meets the social needs of product information transparency and reinforces the trust of consumers, but also meets the needs of enterprises for brand protection and enhances the competition in markets. Since a traceability system collects every necessary information at every stage in a supply chain, it is also an efficient tool for monitoring and optimizing the production procedure. Adopting information technology to digitalize the business process is an inevitable trend to improve the efficiency in information management and especially quickly detect fraud problems. However, with the digitized process via a computer software system, the challenge remains as to whether digitized data is real. The reality shows that changing digital data is easier than paper-based data. Thus, it is necessary to have a digitalized process and a secure mechanism for ensuring transparency, correctness, and consistency of data leading to more efficiency in incidents detection and trace problems tracing. An emerging technology, Blockchain, has attracted more attention after its great success in finance due to various dominant features in preventing data changes even from the internal system. Technically, Blockchain is a ledger that records the entire transaction history publicly on a network of peer-to-peer computers of the time. One common ledger will be shared among all collaborative organizations in an ecosystem to ensure data immutability and undeniable responsibility, thereby enhancing data transparency. Therefore, applying Blockchain technology in agriculture will improve the current traceability process, aiming to increase the responsibility of the objects in the process and transparency of information for consumers. In this paper, we propose a framework that utilizes Blockchain to robustize traceability systems. Additionally, our proposed framework is compliant with the GS1 standard to achieve high reliability and compatibility on a global scale.

Security, Privacy, and Trust Management and Performance Optimization of Blockchain

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
Priti Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Achintya Singhal ◽  
Shantanu Saurabh ◽  
V. D. Ambeth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Network System ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
And Performance

Blockchain provides innovative ideas for storing information, executing transactions, performing functions, creating trust in an open environment, etc. Even though cryptographers, mathematicians, and coders have been trying to bring the most trustable protocols to get authentication guarantee over various systems, blockchain technology is secure with no central authority in an open network system because of a large distributed network of independent users. If anyone tries to change the blockchain database, the current hash will also change, which does not match with the previous hash. In this way, blockchain creates privacy and trust in digital data by removing malleability attacks. In this chapter, security and privacy on the blockchain has been focused. The safety and privacy of blockchain are mainly engrossed on two things: firstly, uncovering few attacks suffered by blockchain systems and, secondly, putting specific and advanced proposals against such attacks.

Preserving Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1222-1230
Author(s):  
Sathiyabhama B. ◽  
Rajeswari K. C. ◽  
Reenadevi R. ◽  
Arul Murugan R.
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Electronic Health

Technology is a boon to mankind in this fast-growing era. The advancement in technology is the predominant factor for the sophisticated way of living of the people. In spite of technology, revolution happens across the world, and mankind still suffers due to various health issues. Healthcare industries take immense measures to improve the quality of life. An enormous volume of digital data is being handled every day in the healthcare industry. There arises a need for the intervention of technology in the healthcare industry to be taken to a greater extent. The prime duty of any healthcare industry is to store and maintain those data in the form of electronic health records (EHR) in a secured manner.

Preserving Data Privacy in Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain Technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Sathiyabhama B. ◽  
Rajeswari K. C. ◽  
Reenadevi R. ◽  
Arul Murugan R.
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Electronic Health

Technology is a boon to mankind in this fast-growing era. The advancement in technology is the predominant factor for the sophisticated way of living of the people. In spite of technology, revolution happens across the world, and mankind still suffers due to various health issues. Healthcare industries take immense measures to improve the quality of life. An enormous volume of digital data is being handled every day in the healthcare industry. There arises a need for the intervention of technology in the healthcare industry to be taken to a greater extent. The prime duty of any healthcare industry is to store and maintain those data in the form of electronic health records (EHR) in a secured manner.

scholarly journals A Robust Blockchain Framework for Healthcare Information System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1154
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Nearly every organization needs solution to handle sensitive data. Though there are different systems to store and transmit electronic records, users often deal with missing or tampered information when they distribute it in a public network. When the data is distributed, the traceability and governance of it throughout the globe is impractical. The evolving world of Data Security demands healthcare industry to have an infrastructure in place to deal with patient records. Regardless of the nature of present and future security risks, Blockchain Technology will play a vital role to maintain the originality of the digital data. Blockchain stores data in a decentralized, distributed ledger for achieving immutability and transparency. The system analyses a case study which aims at maintaining Healthcare records in Blockchain ledger to facilitate secure storage of the patient’s details. For efficient prediction of diabetes the Blockchain and machine learning algorithms are integrated. The various other applications of combining Blockchain technology with machine learning algorithms are Smart city applications, Forensic information storage systems, Energy data management systems, banking and finance management systems.

scholarly journals Decentralized Secure Online Digital Data Registrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.6) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Dugyala ◽  
N Hanuman Reddy ◽  
Raghuram G ◽  
J Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Consensus Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Classifiers ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Learning Classifiers ◽  
Service Sectors

A potential challenge in the present secure transaction lies in illegitimate access to premium digital data available in various formats on various service-sectors for Government and Non-Government process models. This vulnerable scenario leads to identity attacks, man in the middle (MITM) attacks and denial of service (DoS) attacks. Our proposed model uses blockchain technology with machine learning classifiers to identify and detect possible attacks within a peer-to-peer network. Blockchain uses digital signatures, proof-of-work algorithm and consensus algorithms to protect system from possible integrity and denial of service attacks and machine learning classifiers deployed at every node offers confrontation to any intruder’s attack. 

Impact of Blockchain on China’s Cyber Statecraft: Opportunities and Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
State Control ◽  
Internet Filtering ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Development Trajectory

Since 2016, China has officially regarded blockchain technology as a subversive innovation that will fundamentally transform major industries. Current blockchain projects in China are dominated by private or consortium blockchains that have their accessibility firmly controlled; for public blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, access is free for all. Not surprisingly, by weakening state control of digital data, public blockchains may neutralise China’s decades of efforts in building internet filtering systems. The existing development trajectory of private and consortium blockchains is likely to advance steadfastly, and citizens and companies in China may be required to use state-controlled blockchains.

scholarly journals Liability in the context of blockchain-smart contract nexus: Introductory considerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (89) ◽  
pp. 83-100
Author(s):  
Predrag Cvetković
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Contractual Obligations

Blockchain technology becomes relevant in economic exchange as it lowers costs and contributes to cost-efficiency and effectiveness of economic transactions. The key quality of Blockchain lies in ensuring the authenticity of digital data: trust in the traditional legal relationship has been replaced by digital verification of data in blocks. As an important phenomenon, Blockchain calls for legal answers on the issues arising from its application. An example of this development is the legal regime of smart contracts. A smart contract is a transaction in which any rights and obligations of the contracting parties are programmed in a code. Being the result of Blockchain technology application, such a contract implies the need for trust between the contracting parties. As a legal phenomenon, Blockchain (smart contract) technology raises the issue of liability for performing contractual obligations. Smart contracts can minimize certain contract risks and additionally simplify contract execution. They are immediately put into effect, without the need for any further interaction between the parties. The essential components of smart contracts are the digitally verifiable data and the automatic performance of legally relevant actions based on digitally received and processed information. All of the enlisted issues are important for proper understanding of liability of Blockchain actors.

Practical applications of scanning tunneling microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
D. R. Denley
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Promising Tool

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has recently been introduced as a promising tool for analyzing surface atomic structure. We have used STM for its extremely high resolution (especially the direction normal to surfaces) and its ability for imaging in ambient atmosphere. We have examined surfaces of metals, semiconductors, and molecules deposited on these materials to achieve atomic resolution in favorable cases.When the high resolution capability is coupled with digital data acquisition, it is simple to get quantitative information on surface texture. This is illustrated for the measurement of surface roughness of evaporated gold films as a function of deposition temperature and annealing time in Figure 1. These results show a clear trend for which the roughness, as well as the experimental deviance of the roughness is found to be minimal for evaporation at 300°C. It is also possible to contrast different measures of roughness.

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