Effects of Distributed Generation on Power Losses in Unbalanced Low Voltage Networks

The penetration of renewable distributed generations (RDGs) such as wind and solar energy into conventional power systems provides many technical and environmental benefits. These benefits include enhancing power system reliability, providing a clean solution to rapidly increasing load demands, reducing power losses, and improving the voltage profile. However, installing these distributed generation (DG) units can cause negative effects if their size and location are not properly determined. Therefore, the optimal location and size of these distributed generations may be obtained to avoid these negative effects. Several conventional and artificial algorithms have been used to find the location and size of RDGs in power systems. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the most important and widely used techniques. In this paper, a new variant of particle swarm algorithm with nonlinear time varying acceleration coefficients (PSO-NTVAC) is proposed to determine the optimal location and size of multiple DG units for meshed and radial networks. The main objective is to minimize the total active power losses of the system, while satisfying several operating constraints. The proposed methodology was tested using IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 57-bus, 33-bus, and 69- bus systems with the change in the number of DG units from 1 to 4 DG units. The result proves that the proposed PSO-NTVAC is more efficient to solve the optimal multiple DGs allocation with minimum power loss and a high convergence rate.

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A Hybrid Evolutionary Approach to Design Off-Grid Electrification Projects with Distributed Generation

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/9135842 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Avilés ◽

J. C. Mayo-Maldonado ◽

O. Micheloud

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Network Topology ◽

Optimization Technique ◽

Optimal Number ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Power Losses ◽

Network Configuration ◽

Optimal Network ◽

Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

A hybrid evolutionary approach is proposed to design off-grid electrification projects that require distributed generation (DG). The design of this type of systems can be considered as an NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problem; therefore, due to its complexity, the approach tackles the problem from two fronts: optimal network configuration and optimal placement of DG. The hybrid scheme is based on a particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) and a genetic algorithm (GA) improved with a heuristic mutation operator. The GA-PSO scheme permits finding the optimal network topology, the optimal number, and capacity of the generation units, as well as their best location. Furthermore, the algorithm must design the system under power quality requirements, network radiality, and geographical constraints. The approach uses GPS coordinates as input data and develops a network topology from scratch, driven by overall costs and power losses minimization. Finally, the proposed algorithm is described in detail and real applications are discussed, from which satisfactory results were obtained.

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Distributed Generation Placement in Radial Distribution Networks using a Bat-inspired Algorithm

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v82n192.48573 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (192) ◽

pp. 60-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John Edwin Candelo-Becerra ◽

Helman Hernández-Riaño

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Radial Distribution ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Power Losses ◽

Number Of Generators ◽

Metaheuristic Techniques ◽

Distributed Generation Placement ◽

Made In

<p>Distributed generation (DG) is an important issue for distribution networks due to the improvement in power losses, but the location and size of generators could be a difficult task for exact techniques. The metaheuristic techniques have become a better option to determine good solutions and in this paper the application of a bat-inspired algorithm (BA) to a problem of location and size of distributed generation in radial distribution systems is presented. A comparison between particle swarm optimization (PSO) and BA was made in the 33-node and 69-node test feeders, using as scenarios the change in active and reactive power, and the number of generators. PSO and BA found good results for small number and capacities of generators, but BA obtained better results for difficult problems and converged faster for all scenarios. The maximum active power injections to reduce power losses in the distribution networks were found for the five scenarios.</p>

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Planning of low voltage networks considering distributed generation and geographical constraints

2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON) ◽

10.1109/energycon.2016.7514042 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Lukas Verheggen ◽

Robert Ferdinand ◽

Albert Moser

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Low Voltage

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Synchronized Control of Voltage and Current Harmonics in Distributed Generation System using Fuzzy Controller

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.l3895.1081219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1179-1182

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Power Flow ◽

Fuzzy Controller ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Load Condition ◽

Control Technique ◽

Current Harmonics ◽

Simultaneous Control ◽

Unbalanced Load

The worldwide energy demand is increasing due to increase in population and economic growth. The grid is gradually replaced by Distributed generation systems (DGs). Recently low voltage DG interfacing converter on the non linear load compensation is performed by unified power flow converter. The proposed control technique is analyzed for Simultaneous control of voltage and power under unbalanced load condition using MATLAB/SIMULINK software

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Operation Modes of HV/MV Substations

Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Power and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2478/v10144-009-0018-y ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (25) ◽

pp. 81-86

Author(s):

Josifs Survilo ◽

Antons Kutjuns

Keyword(s):

High Voltage ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Warm Season ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Cold Season ◽

Power Losses ◽

Medium Voltage ◽

The Third ◽

Operation Modes ◽

Mode 3

Operation Modes of HV/MV SubstationsA distribution network consists of high voltage grid, medium voltage grid, and low voltage grid. Medium voltage grid is connected to high voltage grid via substations with HV/MV transformers. The substation may contain one, mostly two but sometimes even more transformers. Out of reliability and expenditure considerations the two transformer option prevail over others mentioned. For two transformer substation, there may be made choice out of several operation modes: 1) two (small) transformers, with rated power each over 0.7 of maximum substation load, permanently in operation; 2) one (big) transformer, with rated power over maximum substation load, permanently in operation and small transformer in constant cold reserve; 3) big transformer in operation in cold season, small transformer-in warm one. Considering transformer load losses and no load losses and observing transformer loading factor β it can be said that the mode 1) is less advantageous. The least power losses has the mode 3). There may be singled out yet three extra modes of two transformer substations: 4) two big transformers in permanent operation; 5) one big transformer permanently in operation and one such transformer in cold reserve; 6) two small transformers in operation in cold season of the year, in warm season-one small transformer on duty. At present mostly two transformers of equal power each are installed on substations and in operation is one of them, hence extra mode 5). When one transformer becomes faulty, it can be changed for smaller one and the third operation mode can be practiced. Extra mode 4) is unpractical in all aspects. The mode 6) has greater losses than the mode 3) and is not considered in detail. To prove the advantage of the third mode in sense of power losses, the notion of effective utilization time of power losses was introduced and it was proven that relative value of this quantity diminishes with loading factor β. The use of advantageous substation option would make it possible to save notable amount of electrical energy but smaller transformer lifetime of this option must be taken into account as well.

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Algorithms and models of power losses in circuit breakers installed in networks

Vestnik MGTU ◽

10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-4-345-353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 345-353

Author(s):

E. I. Gracheva ◽

A. N. Gorlov ◽

A. N. Alimova

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Active Power ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Public Utility ◽

Electrical Networks ◽

Power Losses ◽

Circuit Breakers ◽

Technical Parameters

Determination of the main characteristics of the topology and technical condition of equipment underoperating conditions is necessary for analyzing and assessing power and electricity losses in intrashoplow-voltage industrial power supply networks. A comparative analysis of the technical characteristicsof automatic circuit breakers VA57-31 (KEAZ), NSX100 TM-D (Schneider Electric), DPX3 160 (Legrand), Tmax XT1 TMD (ABB) has shown that the main technical parameters of the machines are close in their values. At that it has been found out that automatic switches of the BA57-31 series have the lowest value of power losses per pole (7.5 W), whereas the automatic switches of the Tmax XT1 TMD series have the highest value (10 W). Thus, under the operating conditions of the equipment, the lowest value of power and electricity losses is characteristic of low-voltage electrical networks with installed circuit breakers of the BA57-31 series, and the highest value of losses is noted in in-shop systems with installed circuit breakers Tmax XT1 TMD. Using catalog data, the dependences of active power losses in circuit breakers on rated currents have been established; the algorithms have been developed and the obtained dependences have been modeled using approximating functions. The standard deviation of the compiled approximating functions has been calculated. Analytical expressions of the dynamics of power losses per pole have been determined as a function of the rated current. The graphical dependences of the investigated parameters of low-voltage equipment have been presented. The developed models are recommended to be used to increase the reliability of the assessment and refinement of the amount of active power and electricity losses in low-voltage electrical networks of industrial power supply systems, agrotechnical complexes, and enterprises of the public utility sector.

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Power Losses Reduction via Simultaneous Optimal Distributed Generation Output and Reconfiguration using ABC Optimization

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology ◽

10.5370/jeet.2014.9.4.1229 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1229-1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jasrul Jamani Jamian ◽

Wardiah Mohd Dahalan ◽

Hazlie Mokhlis ◽

Mohd Wazir Mustafa ◽

Zi Jie Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Power Losses

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Optimal Power Dispatch of Distributed Generators in Direct Current Networks Using a Master–Slave Methodology that Combines the Salp Swarm Algorithm and the Successive Approximation Method

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10222837 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 2837

Author(s):

Andrés Alfonso Rosales Muñoz ◽

Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña ◽

Jhon Montano ◽

Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽

Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Direct Current ◽

Mathematical Formulation ◽

Average Power ◽

Power Losses ◽

Salp Swarm Algorithm ◽

Test Systems ◽

Distributed Generators ◽

Optimal Power ◽

Solution Methodology

This paper addresses the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem in Direct Current (DC) networks by considering the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs). In order to model said problem, this study employs a mathematical formulation that has, as the objective function, the reduction in power losses associated with energy transport and that considers the set of constraints that compose DC networks in an environment of distributed generation. To solve this mathematical formulation, a master–slave methodology that combines the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and the Successive Approximations (SA) method was used here. The effectiveness, repeatability, and robustness of the proposed solution methodology was validated using two test systems (the 21- and 69-node systems), five other optimization methods reported in the specialized literature, and three different penetration levels of distributed generation: 20%, 40%, and 60% of the power provided by the slack node in the test systems in an environment with no DGs (base case). All simulations were executed 100 times for each solution methodology in the different test scenarios. The purpose of this was to evaluate the repeatability of the solutions provided by each technique by analyzing their minimum and average power losses and required processing times. The results show that the proposed solution methodology achieved the best trade-off between (minimum and average) power loss reduction and processing time for networks of any size.

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