Polarization States of the Waves Induced at the Interface Between Different Types of Anisotropic Rock Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lin Fa ◽  
Yingrui Wu ◽  
Yandong Zhang ◽  
Xiangrong Fang ◽  
Jin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Rock ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polarization States ◽  
The Waves

Comparison of seismic waves generated by different types of source

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Source Duration ◽  
Lower Frequencies

Abstract A comparison of the seismic waves generated by a nuclear explosion and an earthquake is discussed. The epicenter of the earthquake was located within the Nevada Test Site. Both events were recorded at the same station with the same type of equipment. The earthquake waves contained slightly lower frequency than the waves generated by the nuclear shot. The early P phases of the shot had larger amplitudes while the phases after Pg for the earthquake were larger. Seismic waves from collapses were generally found to be composed of lower frequencies than the waves from the original shot. Aftershocks of the Hebgen Lake earthquake were found to generate seismic waves whose frequency content was related to the magnitude of the aftershock. Spectral differences in quarry shot recordings that correlate with source duration times are also discussed.

scholarly journals Do Sounder Banks Make Calmer Waters? The Link between Bank Regulations and Capital Flow Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bank Regulations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves

This paper tests if prudential and macroprudential regulations have meaningfully reduced the incidence of capital flow “waves,” that is, of sudden stops and surges of capital flows from abroad. The results support other work documenting changes since 2008 in how global factors affect capital flows but provide mixed evidence on how regulations have affected the incidence of sharp capital flow movements. Regulations that strengthen banks (such as higher capital-asset ratios) meaningfully reduce the incidence of surges, but tighter macroprudential regulations appear to have done little to reduce the incidence of capital flow waves--and are even correlated with an increased risk of sudden stops. This may reflect their limited use to date, or how they interact with different types of capital flows. Macroprudential regulations may have reduced the volume and volatility of bank flows but shifted financial intermediation outside the regulated sector and thereby increased the volatility of debt and equity flows. These reforms could still provide important benefits, however, in terms of building the resilience of banks and thereby mitigating the negative effects of capital flow waves on the broader economy. Even if the waters are not much calmer, the waves should do less damage.

STUDIES ON SEISMIC WAVES: III. PROPAGATION OF ELASTIC WAVES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF A FREE BOUNDARY

Geophysics ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Fu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Harmonic Waves ◽  
Inhomogeneous Waves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Propagation Of Elastic Waves ◽  
The Waves

Continuous and spherical harmonic waves are generated at an internal point of the medium. By use of the classical method of Sommerfeld, the different modes of propagation near a free surface after the arrival of the waves are examined. From the approximate evaluations of the integrals, it is found that in addition to the ordinary types of body and surface waves, there are also inhomogeneous waves and surface waves which are not of the Rayleigh type. The amplitude factors of these latter waves vary inversely as the square instead of as the square root of the epicentral distance. Altogether, there are not less than five different types of waves and they are obtained from integrations in the neighborhood of the singularities of the integrals.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Rupture at Frictional Rough Interfaces During Sliding Initiation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Di Bartolomeo ◽  
Francesco Massi ◽  
Anissa Meziane ◽  
Laurent Baillet ◽  
Antonio Culla
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Deformable Bodies ◽  
Coulomb Friction Law ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Two Bodies

The aim of this work is to present the results from a non linear finite element analysis in large transformations of the contact interface between two deformable bodies when sliding initiates and the roughness is introduced at the contact surfaces. The two-dimensional in-plane dynamic model consists of two different isotropic elastic media separated by an interface governed by Coulomb friction law, and subject to remotely applied normal and shear tractions (pre-stress phase). Once the ratio between the local values of tangential and normal stresses reaches the limit value, the sliding initiates and local ruptures are activated (nucleation phase). The propagation of the ruptures over the interface and the wave propagation inside the solids are analyzed. The interactions between the waves propagating into the two solids (P waves, shear waves, surface waves) give raise to different types of ruptures. They can be classified depending on their velocity front (sub-Rayleigh, sub-shear, super-shear) or on their interface states (pulse-like, crack-like). A sinusoidal roughness is introduced at the contact surfaces and the analysis is performed for different values of the roughness parameters. Depending on the relative dimension between the roughness wavelength and the width of the wave fronts, two different behaviour can be observed: i) a coupling between the wave propagating into the two bodies; ii) a decoupling of the wave propagation inside the two materials, characterized by an independent wave propagation. First the wave propagation is analyzed when a single rupture is originated in pre-sliding conditions; successively, the wave generation during sliding initiation is addressed.

Propagation in media with Raman-type nonlinearity: polarization states of the waves and gains

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rivoire ◽  
C. Deslancs ◽  
J. L. Ferrier ◽  
J. Gazengel ◽  
N. Phu Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Polarization States ◽  
The Waves

X-ray intensity patterns from finite perfect crystals

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1013
Author(s):  
Gunnar Thorkildsen ◽  
Helge B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infinite Crystal ◽  
Lateral Crystal ◽  
Slit System ◽  
Green Technique ◽  
The Waves

A theoretical study dealing with intensity interference patterns from the exit surfaces of finite perfect t\times l crystals has been undertaken using the Takagi–Taupin equations and the Riemann–Green technique. Numerical simulations have been performed for the 220 reflection in diamond allowing for different types of amplitude-modulated incoming plane waves. The effects caused by limiting the waves by a slit system are also discussed. The results show strong influence of the lateral crystal boundaries and are closely related to the geometrical region structures formed by the characteristic lines associated with the equations. In the limit of a semi-infinite crystal, the Borrmann–Lehmann interference patterns are retrieved.

scholarly journals Signals in the Waves of Surf: Category Development and Signals in Surf Music

2020 ◽  
pp. 073112142095036
Author(s):  
Matthijs B. Punt ◽  
Alex van Venrooij
Keyword(s):  
Category Label ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Category Development

The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent the understanding of market categories changes over time and how this is reflected in the importance of different category signals in periods of category maturation and revival. We test the changing influence of different types of category signals on inclusion rates of surf music compilation albums, which represent the understanding of “surf music” from a market-based perspective. We find that “elaborate” signals to the category label of surf music showed to be important during both the stage of maturity and revival. However, restricted category signals using surf slang actually lost their importance over time. Finally, signaling surf-related locations had no effect in early times, but increased chances of inclusion during a revival. By addressing these changes over time in the importance of category signals, we add to recent studies on mechanisms of categorization during different stages of category development.

On the skewness of sea-surface elevation

1986 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Srokosz ◽  
M. S. Longuet-Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Statistical Measure ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Surface Gravity Waves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves

Surface skewness is a statistical measure of the vertical asymmetry of the air-sea interface – exemplified by the sharp crests and rounded troughs of surface gravity waves. Some authors have proposed a constant ratio between surface skewness and the ‘significant slope’ of the waves. Here it is shown theoretically that no such simple relation is to be expected.Wave records are of at least two different types; Eulerian (as made with a fixed probe) or Lagrangian (as with a free-floating buoy). The corresponding statistical properties are examined. At first sight it might appear that the degree of skewness in corresponding records would be different. However it is shown that to lowest order the skewness is invariant; only the apparent mean level is different, at second order.

scholarly journals Three Waves of Awkwardness: A Meta-Analysis of Sex in Game Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tuomas Harviainen ◽  
Ashley M. L. Brown ◽  
Jaakko Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Risk Avoidance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves

This article critically evaluates and questions the growth and maturity of game studies as a scholarly set of related approaches to the study of games, by providing an account of studies of sexuality in (mostly digital) games from 1978 to present. The main goal of this article is to highlight overarching themes and patterns in the literature, with a focus on theories and methodologies commonly used and the way game studies is still risk aware, even awkward in its discussions of sexuality. In addition to a review of 37 years of literature, the article employs a chronological and thematic metaphor analysis of past research texts to analyze whether game studies is growing up or in perpetual puberty and whether it really is exploring sexual maturity alongside the games we study. It finds that while different periods of time can be identified in research as far as approaches to sexuality in games go, game studies is still to a large extent engaged in the management of the stigma that discussing sexuality may cause. Rather than a maturation process, the waves are shown to be manifestations of different types of environmentally influenced risk awareness, consecutive risk avoidance, and a resulting awkwardness.

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