scholarly journals Do Sounder Banks Make Calmer Waters? The Link between Bank Regulations and Capital Flow Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
Kristin J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Capital Asset ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bank Regulations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves

This paper tests if prudential and macroprudential regulations have meaningfully reduced the incidence of capital flow “waves,” that is, of sudden stops and surges of capital flows from abroad. The results support other work documenting changes since 2008 in how global factors affect capital flows but provide mixed evidence on how regulations have affected the incidence of sharp capital flow movements. Regulations that strengthen banks (such as higher capital-asset ratios) meaningfully reduce the incidence of surges, but tighter macroprudential regulations appear to have done little to reduce the incidence of capital flow waves--and are even correlated with an increased risk of sudden stops. This may reflect their limited use to date, or how they interact with different types of capital flows. Macroprudential regulations may have reduced the volume and volatility of bank flows but shifted financial intermediation outside the regulated sector and thereby increased the volatility of debt and equity flows. These reforms could still provide important benefits, however, in terms of building the resilience of banks and thereby mitigating the negative effects of capital flow waves on the broader economy. Even if the waters are not much calmer, the waves should do less damage.

The relationships among capital flow surges, reversals and sudden stops

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Efremidze ◽  
Sungsoo Kim ◽  
Ozan Sula ◽  
Thomas D. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Capital Flows ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Capital Flows ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flow Reversals ◽  
Capital Flow Reversals

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between capital flow surges, reversals and sudden stops. Design/methodology/approach Emphasizing the importance of looking at the behavior of domestic as well as foreign capital flows, the authors distinguish sudden stops from capital flow reversals by attributing the former to foreign capital flows only. Findings It is found that, despite the large differences in the number of surges identified by several different measures in the literature, a majority of surges do end in reversals of some type. The percentages tend to be slightly over half for surges in net capital flows, but on average, 70 per cent of gross surges end in sudden stops. Furthermore, contrary to popular belief, approximately half of sudden stops and net capital flow reversals are not preceded by surges. It is also found that surges that persist longer are more likely to turn into sudden stops and reversals. Research limitations/implications The authors find substantial empirical differences in the characteristics of sudden stops (based on gross foreign flows) and reversals (based on net flows). Practical implications Large inflows of financial capital are not always a strong indicator that a country’s economic policies will continue to provide stability in the future. They may signal an increase rather than reduction in the risk of future instability. Originality/value This study focuses on an issue that has been less explored to date, the relationship between capital flow surges, reversals and sudden stops. The authors distinguish, redefine and document differences among capital flow reversals and sudden stops. Duration of surges is related to the likelihood of having reversals and sudden stops.

CAPITAL FLOW SURGES AS BUBBLES: BEHAVIORAL FINANCE AND MCKINNON’S OVER-BORROWING SYNDROME EXTENDED

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 1640023 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEVAN EFREMIDZE ◽  
JOHN RUTLEDGE ◽  
THOMAS D. WILLETT
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Capital Flow ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
International Capital Flow

This paper explores how behavioral finance and complexity economics, along with imperfect information, faulty mental models and perverse incentive structures can cast light on the factors that generate the international capital flow surges and sudden stops that McKinnon described as the over-borrowing syndrome. While there has been a great deal of empirical research on this topic in recent years, there has been much less theoretical analysis of why these flows too often behave in such a volatile manner. Developing a better understanding of the forces driving capital flows should help us identify situations where capital flow surges are particularly likely to end in costly sudden stops and help policy makers decide how best to respond to such flows.

Pembelajaran Integrasi tentang Etika Penggunaan Media Sosial dalam Materi Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam di Sekolah Menangah Atas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Irfan Afandi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Education Material ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Critical Reason

The humanitarian problem in the development of the industrial revolution 4.0 is very complex and is at the stage of worrying. No human being separated from the effect of the waves. High school is active users (user) of the results of the industrial revolution the 4.0. The problem that arises in the use of social media including the demise of expertise, the dissemination of hate speech and fabricated news. Teaching Islamic education material should be able to respond to this by providing normative information in the Qur'an and Hadith so that students can escape from its negative effects. One of the solutions offered was to integrate these materials with integratsi learning models in the themes that have been arranged in the school's learning policy. Integrating this material must through the phases between the awarding phase of learning, information or materials to grow a critical reason, generate hypotheses and generalities.

Diabetes and Heart Failure: Is it Hyperglycemia or Hyperinsulinemia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Konstantinos Kantartzis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The cardiac effects of exogenously administered insulin for the treatment of diabetes (DM) have recently attracted much attention. In particular, it has been questioned whether insulin is the appropriate treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure. While several old and some new studies suggested that insulin treatment has beneficial effects on the heart, recent observational studies indicate associations of insulin treatment with an increased risk of developing or worsening of pre-existing heart failure and higher mortality rates. However, there is actually little evidence that the associations of insulin administration with any adverse outcomes are causal. On the other hand, insulin clearly causes weight gain and may also cause serious episodes of hypoglycemia. Moreover, excess of insulin (hyperinsulinemia), as often seen with the use of injected insulin, seems to predispose to inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Nevertheless, it should be stressed that most of the data concerning the effects of insulin on cardiac function derive from in vitro studies with isolated animal hearts. Therefore, the relevance of the findings of such studies for humans should be considered with caution. In the present review, we summarize the existing data about the potential positive and negative effects of insulin on the heart and attempt to answer the question whether any adverse effects of insulin or the consequences of hyperglycemia are more important and may provide a better explanation of the close association of DM with heart failure.

Polarization States of the Waves Induced at the Interface Between Different Types of Anisotropic Rock Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lin Fa ◽  
Yingrui Wu ◽  
Yandong Zhang ◽  
Xiangrong Fang ◽  
Jin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Rock ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polarization States ◽  
The Waves

scholarly journals Not all biases are bad: equitable and inequitable biases in machine learning and radiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Pot ◽  
Nathalie Kieusseyan ◽  
Barbara Prainsack
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Decision

AbstractThe application of machine learning (ML) technologies in medicine generally but also in radiology more specifically is hoped to improve clinical processes and the provision of healthcare. A central motivation in this regard is to advance patient treatment by reducing human error and increasing the accuracy of prognosis, diagnosis and therapy decisions. There is, however, also increasing awareness about bias in ML technologies and its potentially harmful consequences. Biases refer to systematic distortions of datasets, algorithms, or human decision making. These systematic distortions are understood to have negative effects on the quality of an outcome in terms of accuracy, fairness, or transparency. But biases are not only a technical problem that requires a technical solution. Because they often also have a social dimension, the ‘distorted’ outcomes they yield often have implications for equity. This paper assesses different types of biases that can emerge within applications of ML in radiology, and discusses in what cases such biases are problematic. Drawing upon theories of equity in healthcare, we argue that while some biases are harmful and should be acted upon, others might be unproblematic and even desirable—exactly because they can contribute to overcome inequities.

scholarly journals Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Atakan
Keyword(s):  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Neurotransmitter System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Brain

Cannabis is a complex plant, with major compounds such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which have opposing effects. The discovery of its compounds has led to the further discovery of an important neurotransmitter system called the endocannabinoid system. This system is widely distributed in the brain and in the body, and is considered to be responsible for numerous significant functions. There has been a recent and consistent worldwide increase in cannabis potency, with increasing associated health concerns. A number of epidemiological research projects have shown links between dose-related cannabis use and an increased risk of development of an enduring psychotic illness. However, it is also known that not everyone who uses cannabis is affected adversely in the same way. What makes someone more susceptible to its negative effects is not yet known, however there are some emerging vulnerability factors, ranging from certain genes to personality characteristics. In this article we first provide an overview of the biochemical basis of cannabis research by examining the different effects of the two main compounds of the plant and the endocannabinoid system, and then go on to review available information on the possible factors explaining variation of its effects upon different individuals.

Shape-Tailored TiO2 Photocatalysts Obtained in the Presence of Different Types of Carbon Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2360-2367
Author(s):  
Krisztina Vajda ◽  
Klára Hernádi ◽  
Cosmin Coteţ ◽  
Gábor Kovács ◽  
Zsolt Pap
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Carbon Aerogel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Uv Light Irradiation ◽  
Specific Morphology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Photocatalytic Applications

Titania and carbon materials are intensively studied in composite materials including photocatalytic applications. Both positive and negative effects were described in the literature, including charge separation, adsorption enhancement and short-circuiting of the photoelectrons as well. In the present study a more sparsely investigated properties of carbon materials will be highlighted, namely their role as crystallization promoters for titania, during hydrothermal synthesis of the composites. Therefore, carbon nanotubes, carbon coils, activated carbon, graphite and carbon aerogel was used to identify the importance of carbon during the time dependent crystallization of titanium dioxide. The crystal phase composition, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity was followed, and it was found that the anatase and rutile crystallization depended on the used carbon material. The morphology of the particles varied from single anatase sheet-like crystals to hierarchical microball-like structures, while in some cases no specific morphology was observed. Furthermore, it was found that despite the low carbon content (2 wt.%) and microcrystalline structure of TiO2 the composites were proven to be efficient in the degradation of Rhodamine B under UV light irradiation.

Comparison of seismic waves generated by different types of source

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Nuclear Explosion ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Source Duration ◽  
Lower Frequencies

Abstract A comparison of the seismic waves generated by a nuclear explosion and an earthquake is discussed. The epicenter of the earthquake was located within the Nevada Test Site. Both events were recorded at the same station with the same type of equipment. The earthquake waves contained slightly lower frequency than the waves generated by the nuclear shot. The early P phases of the shot had larger amplitudes while the phases after Pg for the earthquake were larger. Seismic waves from collapses were generally found to be composed of lower frequencies than the waves from the original shot. Aftershocks of the Hebgen Lake earthquake were found to generate seismic waves whose frequency content was related to the magnitude of the aftershock. Spectral differences in quarry shot recordings that correlate with source duration times are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document