Low-cost and low-profile W-band antenna-coupled detector array

Abstract At the expense of frequency narrowing, binary amplitude-only diffractive optical elements emulate refractive lenses without the need of large profiles. Unfortunately, they also present larger Fresnel reflection loss than conventional lenses. This is usually tackled by implementing unattractive cumbersome designs. Here we demonstrate that simplicity is not at odds with performance and we show how the fishnet metamaterial can improve the radiation pattern of a Soret lens. The building block of this advanced Soret lens is the fishnet metamaterial operating in the near-zero refractive index regime with one of the edge layers designed with alternating opaque and transparent concentric rings made of subwavelength holes. The hybrid Soret fishnet metalens retains all the merits of classical Soret lenses such as low profile, low cost and ease of manufacturing. It is designed for the W-band of the millimeter-waves range with a subwavelength focal length FL = 1.58 mm (0.5λ0) aiming at a compact antenna or radar systems. The focal properties of the lens along with its radiation characteristics in a lens antenna configuration have been studied numerically and confirmed experimentally, showing a gain improvement of ~2 dB with respect to a fishnet Soret lens without the fishnet metamaterial.

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Highly Compact Through-Wire Microstrip to Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line Transition

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11156885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 6885

Author(s):

Marcos D. Fernandez ◽

José A. Ballesteros ◽

Angel Belenguer

Keyword(s):

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Low Cost ◽

Coaxial Line ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Central Layer ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Integrated Technology ◽

Low Profile ◽

The Many ◽

High Degree

Empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL) technology preserves the many advantages of the substrate integrated technology waveguides, such as low cost, low profile, or integration in a printed circuit board (PCB); in addition, ESICL is non-dispersive and has low radiation. To date, only two transitions have been proposed in the literature that connect the ESICL to classical planar lines such as grounded coplanar and microstrip. In both transitions, the feeding planar lines and the ESICL are built in the same substrate layer and they are based on transformed structures in the planar line, which must be in the central layer of the ESICL. These transitions also combine a lot of metallized and non-metallized parts, which increases the complexity of the manufacturing process. In this work, a new through-wire microstrip-to-ESICL transition is proposed. The feeding lines and the ESICL are implemented in different layers, so that the height of the ESICL can be independently chosen. In addition, it is a highly compact transition that does not require a transformer and can be freely rotated in its plane. This simplicity provides a high degree of versatility in the design phase, where there are only four variables that control the performance of the transition.

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Empty Substrate‐Integrated Waveguides: A Low‐Cost and Low‐Profile Alternative for High‐Performance Microwave Devices

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ◽

10.1002/047134608x.w8411 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Ángel Belenguer ◽

Héctor Esteban ◽

Alejandro L. Borja ◽

José A. Ballesteros ◽

Marcos Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Microwave Devices ◽

Substrate Integrated Waveguides ◽

Low Profile

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Miniaturized Broadband-Multiband Planar Monopole Antenna in Autonomous Vehicles Communication System Device

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10212715 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 2715

Author(s):

Ming-An Chung ◽

Chih-Wei Yang

Keyword(s):

Communication System ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Low Cost ◽

Antenna Design ◽

Dual Band ◽

Impedance Change ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Low Profile ◽

Performance Results ◽

Wireless Standards

The article mainly presents that a simple antenna structure with only two branches can provide the characteristics of dual-band and wide bandwidths. The recommended antenna design is composed of a clockwise spiral shape, and the design has a gradual impedance change. Thus, this antenna is ideal for applications also recommended in these wireless standards, including 5G, B5G, 4G, V2X, ISM band of WLAN, Bluetooth, WiFI 6 band, WiMAX, and Sirius/XM Radio for in-vehicle infotainment systems. The proposed antenna with a dimension of 10 × 5 mm is simple and easy to make and has a lot of copy production. The operating frequency is covered with a dual-band from 2000 to 2742 MHz and from 4062 to beyond 8000 MHz and, it is also demonstrated that the measured performance results of return loss, radiation, and gain are in good agreement with simulations. The radiation efficiency can reach 91% and 93% at the lower and higher bands. Moreover, the antenna gain can achieve 2.7 and 6.75 dBi at the lower and higher bands, respectively. This antenna design has a low profile, low cost, and small size features that may be implemented in autonomous vehicles and mobile IoT communication system devices.

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Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Microwave Sensor for Water-in-Diesel Fuel Applications

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112110454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 10454

Author(s):

Antonella Maria Loconsole ◽

Vito Vincenzo Francione ◽

Vincenza Portosi ◽

Onofrio Losito ◽

Michele Catalano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Wide Band ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽

Scattering Parameter ◽

Low Profile ◽

Waveguiding Structure ◽

Microwave Sensor

A water-in-diesel microwave sensor based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) microwave applicator is designed and characterized in this study. The interaction between the microwave electromagnetic field and the diesel fuel contaminated with small concentrations of water is obtained via suitable radiating slots placed on the top of an SIW waveguiding structure. The SIW applicator working frequency is chosen by observing the behavior of the complex dielectric permittivity of the fuel–water blend based on a preliminary wide band investigation. The performances of the SIW microwave sensor are evaluated in terms of scattering parameter modulus |S21| as a function of the water concentration in ppm. The best sensitivity Δ|S21|Δρ=1.42 mdB/ppm is obtained at a frequency of f=9.76 GHz, with a coefficient of determination R2=0.94. The sensor is low-cost, low profile and ensures a good sensitivity for constant and real-time monitoring.

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A Load Cell System in Foot Pressure Analysis

Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1243/emed_jour_1982_011_035_02 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 121-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W V James ◽

J F Orr ◽

T Huddleston

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Cell System ◽

Load Cell ◽

Foot Pressure ◽

Cost System ◽

Pressure Sensitive ◽

Low Profile ◽

Load Cells ◽

Pressure Analysis

A method of displaying discrete areas of pressure beneath the foot has been produced. The device employs a pressure sensitive elastomer which gives quantitative readings of the pressure developed. The 512 load cells are enclosed in a low profile platform only one inch in depth which provides a low-cost system that can be employed in clinical situations.

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