Low-cost diagnostic pattern generation and evaluation procedures for noise-related failures

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Ma ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Tehranipoor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures

scholarly journals Low Cost Test Pattern Generation in Scan-Based BIST Schemes

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohe Zhang ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Feng Liang ◽  
Sufen Wei ◽  
Cheng-Fu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Test Pattern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Test Pattern Generation ◽  
Hardware Overhead ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Self Test

This paper proposes a low-cost test pattern generator for scan-based built-in self-test (BIST) schemes. Our method generates broadcast-based multiple single input change (BMSIC) vectors to fill more scan chains. The proposed algorithm, BMSIC-TPG, is based on our previous work multiple single-input change (MSIC)-TPG. The broadcast circuit expends MSIC vectors, so that the hardware overhead of the test pattern generation circuit is reduced. Simulation results with ISCAS’89 benchmarks and a comparison with the MSIC-TPG circuit show that the proposed BMSIC-TPG reduces the circuit hardware overhead about 50% with ensuring of low power consumption and high fault coverage.

Fast Generation of Micro-Channels on Cylindrical Surfaces by Elliptical Vibration Texturing

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Guo ◽  
Yong Lu ◽  
Pucheng Pei ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Elliptical Vibration ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Elliptical Vibration Texturing

Micro-structured surfaces are assuming an ever-increasing role since they define the ultimate performance of many industrial components and products. Micro-channels, in particular, have many potential applications in micro-fluidic devices, micro heat exchangers, and friction control. This paper proposes an innovative vibration-assisted machining method to generate micro-channels on the external surface of a cylinder. This method, referred to as elliptical vibration texturing, was originally developed by the authors to generate dimple patterns. It uses the modulation of the depth-of-cut by tool vibrations to create surface textures. The most promising features of the proposed method are its high efficiency, low cost, and scalability for mass production. It is shown that with proper combinations of the process parameters the created dimples start to overlap and form channels. An analytical model is established to predict channel formation with respect to the overlapping ratios of the dimples. Channel formation criteria and expressions for channel geometries are given along with a channel generation map that relates channel geometry to the process parameters. Experimental results are given to verify the model. A further example of micro-pattern generation is also given to showcase the flexibility of the process.

scholarly journals Mapping of Spatio-Temporal Changes of Surface Water Using Sentinel-1 SAR Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
L’ubomír Kseňak ◽  
Katarína Pukanská ◽  
Karol Bartoš
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Image ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract Exploration of surface water bodies and their spatial definition has great importance in water resources management and helps understand hydrological processes in the country. Fast, regular, and effective ways of mapping watercourses and their surroundings through remote sensing methods are crucial tools for capturing change and predicting hazards. The last decades have brought new data products, open-source software, and evaluation procedures that allow low-cost mapping of surface water objects. A widespread and sought-after option for this type of mapping is the use of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image products. Just through SAR technology that it is possible to identify changes in water in a relatively short time and at the same time under any meteorological conditions thanks to backscattered microwave radiation. This paper presents the possibilities of using SAR technology and its data for long-term temporal mapping of meteorological-hydrological changes in surface water using satellite images of Sentinel-1 product level GRD. As regards surface water extraction, this process is performing by segmenting the threshold values according to the Otsu principle. The water surfaces are then interpreted into the form of water masks of objects by the binarization of the final image. These values are subsequently compared with the supervised classification RFC (Random Forest Classifier) method results. Suitable processing and evaluation procedures conclude that the more suitable polarization configuration for mapping water bodies is VV (vertical-vertical) polarization. As for speckle filter tools to eliminate radar noise, the most suitable option seems to be using a Lee filter. To achieve more accurate results of the extracted water bodies, it is then appropriate to implement quantitative statistical indicators of accuracy and their numerical interpretation of the reliability of results. This paper aims to demonstrate the advantages of using satellite SAR images for spatiotemporal mapping of surface water in the landscape to observe hydrological processes due to inundation, ecological and meteorological changes, and anthropogenic activity.

scholarly journals Nanoimprinted and Anodized Templates for Large-Scale and Low-Cost Nanopatterning

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3430
Author(s):  
David Navas ◽  
David G. Trabada ◽  
Manuel Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Anodic Alumina Templates ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Ordered Porous ◽  
Thick Layers

Nanopatterning to fabricate advanced nanostructured materials is a widely employed technology in a broad spectrum of applications going from spintronics and nanoelectronics to nanophotonics. This work reports on an easy route for nanopatterning making use of ordered porous templates with geometries ranging from straight lines to square, triangular or rhombohedral lattices, to be employed for the designed growth of sputtered materials with engineered properties. The procedure is based on large-scale nanoimprinting using patterned low-cost commercial disks, as 1-D grating stamps, followed by a single electrochemical process that allows one to obtain 1-D ordered porous anodic templates. Multiple imprinting steps at different angles enable more complex 2-D patterned templates. Subsequently, sputtering facilitates the growth of ferromagnetic antidot thin films (e.g., from 20 to 100 nm Co thick layers) with designed symmetries. This technique constitutes a non-expensive method for massive mold production and pattern generation avoiding standard lithographical techniques. In addition, it overcomes current challenges of the two-stage electrochemical porous anodic alumina templates: (i) allowing the patterning of large areas with high ordering and/or complex antidot geometries, and (ii) being less-time consuming.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

Glass Knife Geometry as Seen by the SEM

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Diamond Knife

In ultramicrotomy, the two basic tool materials are glass and diamond. Glass because of its low cost and ease of manufacture of the knife itself is still widely used despite the superiority of diamond knives in many applications. Both kinds of knives produce plastic deformation in the microtomed section due to the nature of the cutting process and microscopic chips in the edge of the knife. Because glass has no well defined slip planes in its structure (it's an amorphous material), it is very strong and essentially never fails in compression. However, surface flaws produce stress concentrations which reduce the strength of glass to 10,000 to 20,000 psi from its theoretical or flaw free values of 1 to 2 million psi. While the microchips in the edge of the glass or diamond knife are generally too small to be observed in the SEM, the second common type of defect can be identified. This is the striations (also termed the check marks or feathers) which are always present over the entire edge of a glass knife regardless of whether or not they are visable under optical inspection. These steps in the cutting edge can be observed in the SEM by proper preparation of carefully broken knives and orientation of the knife, with respect to the scanning beam.

Spectraplot: A PC-based spectrum translation and display program

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
H. O. Colijn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Error Checking ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The University

Many labs today wish to transfer data between their EDS systems and their existing PCs and minicomputers. Our lab has implemented SpectraPlot, a low- cost PC-based system to allow offline examination and plotting of spectra. We adopted this system in order to make more efficient use of our microscopes and EDS consoles, to provide hardcopy output for an older EDS system, and to allow students to access their data after leaving the university.As shown in Fig. 1, we have three EDS systems (one of which is located in another building) which can store data on 8 inch RT-11 floppy disks. We transfer data from these systems to a DEC MINC computer using “SneakerNet”, which consists of putting on a pair of sneakers and running down the hall. We then use the Hermit file transfer program to download the data files with error checking from the MINC to the PC.

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