The uncontainable future development of smart regions, as a set of smart cities’ assembled networks, is directly associated with a growing demand of full interactive and connected ubiquitous smart environments. To achieve this goal of global connection, a large number of transceivers and multiple wireless systems will be involved to provide user services and applications (i.e., Ambient Assisted Living, emergency situations, e-health monitoring, or Intelligent Transportation Systems) anytime and anyplace, regardless of the devices, networks, or systems used. Adequate, efficient, and effective radio wave propagation tools, methodologies, and analyses in complex environments (indoor and outdoor) are crucial to prevent communication limitations such as coverage, capacity, speed, or channel interferences due to nodes’ density or channel restrictions. In this work, radio wave propagation characterization in an urban indoor and outdoor environment, at ISM 2.4 GHZ and 5 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), has been assessed. The selected scenario is an auditorium placed in a free open area surrounded by inhomogeneous vegetation. User density within the scenario, in terms of inherent transceivers density, poses challenges to the overall system operation, given by multiple node operation which increases overall interference levels. By means of an in-house developed 3D ray launching algorithm, the impact of variable density wireless sensor network operation within this complex scenario is presented. This analysis and the proposed simulation methodology can lead in an adequate interference characterization, considering conventional transceivers as well as wearables, which provide suitable information for the overall network performance in complex crowded indoor and outdoor scenarios.
A Fast Indoor/Outdoor Transition Detection Algorithm Based on Machine Learning
