environment noise
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-An Wang ◽  
Yi Peng ◽  
Dapeng Yu ◽  
Heng Fan

Abstract We report a metrology scheme which measures magnetic susceptibility of an atomic spin ensemble along the x and z direction and produces parameter estimation with precision beating the standard quantum limit. The atomic ensemble is initialized via one-axis spin squeezing with optimized squeezing time and parameter φ to be estimated is assumed as uniformly distributed between 0 and 2π, while fixed in each estimation. One estimation of φ can be produced with every two magnetic susceptibility data measured along the two axis respectively, which has imprecision scaling (1.43 ± 0.02)/N 0.687±0.003 with respect to the number N of atomic spins. The measurement scheme is easy to implement and is robust against measurement fluctuation caused by environment noise and measurement defects.


Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577
Author(s):  
Osamu Hirota

In recent years, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of quantum computers. For further development, it is important to clarify properties of errors by quantum noise and environment noise. However, when the system scale of quantum processors is expanded, it has been pointed out that a new type of quantum error, such as nonlinear error, appears. It is not clear how to handle such new effects in information theory. First of all, one should make the characteristics of the error probability of qubits clear as communication channel error models in information theory. The purpose of this paper is to survey the progress for modeling the quantum noise effects that information theorists are likely to face in the future, to cope with such nontrivial errors mentioned above. This paper explains a channel error model to represent strange properties of error probability due to new quantum noise. By this model, specific examples on the features of error probability caused by, for example, quantum recurrence effects, collective relaxation, and external force, are given. As a result, it is possible to understand the meaning of strange features of error probability that do not exist in classical information theory without going through complex physical phenomena.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032025
Author(s):  
Alicja Kowalska-Koczwara ◽  
Filip Pachla ◽  
Tadeusz Tatara ◽  
Krzysztof Nering

Abstract From the dawn of history, humanity created communication routes in order to move efficiently. Trees were planted along the roads connecting towns and villages so that travellers could rest in their shade. The line of trees also played an informative, strategic and sometimes aesthetic role. Currently, a line of tall vegetation along the street provides shade and relief in cities during hot weather. It is also worth emphasizing that greenery reduces stress factors in large cities. One of the stressors in cities is noise. In an urbanized environment, noise is perceived as unpleasant and bothersome. Appropriate planting of greenery in the city can reduce this phenomenon. The article not only analyses the possibilities of reducing noise through appropriate planting of greenery, but also provides guidelines for the correct design of greenery along streets and at crossroads. It is worth emphasizing here that the correct design of greenery in the vicinity of communication arteries is not only a matter of ethics or landscape legibility, but also a matter of safe use of infrastructure. The article also deals with the issue of legal acts relating to the design of urban greenery. The former and current legal acts contain provisions related to the classification of green areas, their protection and shaping. These regulations apply to various fields (construction, spatial planning, environmental protection) and therefore there are discrepancies in the legal interpretation of this term. All these doubts will be clarified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Spyridon Kafantaris ◽  
Olga Kadda

Background: An Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special hospital department with many advantages and disadvantages for the patient.Aim: The aim of the present systematic review was to explore the advantages and disadvantages of hospitalized ICU patients.Material and Method: A literature review in international databases (Pubmed, Cinahl, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library) was conducted. A time limited criteria was applied with respect to the publication of articles (articles published in the last 15 years). Ten articles were found that met the criteria for participation in the present review.Results: Results thematic analysis revealed the following advantages and disadvantages of ICU hospitalization: Advantages related to patients care in ICU and advantages related to team work. Disadvantages related to the ICU environment (noise, lighting) that complicate the patient's hospitalization status and cause the patient's sleep disturbances and / or delirium. Additionally, it was found that financial cost of hospitalization is a very significant disadvantage for both patient and health care providers.Conclusions: Preparation and successful implementation of significant strategies will convert disadvantages of ICU hospitalization into advantages in daily clinical practice through increased use of protocols, the maintenance of a checklist, evidenced based practice, data recording, development of interdisciplinary groups and finally the extensive application of technology for patient’ s benefit.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong li ◽  
tripod Yang ◽  
Shuai Sun ◽  
YueGang Li ◽  
Liang Jiang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
Gennady A. Sorokin ◽  
Nikolay D. Chistyakov ◽  
Viktor V. Shilov

Introduction. When predicting individual health risks associated with a person’s profession, first of all, the state of their health, age and experience of harmful work are studied. A practical approach to studying the age-related vulnerability of a person to the factors of the working environment is the use of fatigue indicators. Objective: to establish age-related patterns of the influence of factors of the occupation environment on employee fatigue Materials and methods. Three thousand eight hundred fifty-one employees of industrial enterprises, public catering enterprises, healthcare and educational organizations were examined. The employees evaluated the degree of influence of factors of the production environment on fatigue - noise, microclimate, working area air, dust in the working area air, vibration. The frequency of influence (FI) of each factor of the production environment on employee fatigue was considered an indicator of age-related vulnerability (vulnerability risk). The relative risk of exceeding the FI in older age groups of employees was calculated. Results. In older medical workers, the relative risk (RR) of vulnerability to noise was =1.19 (0.88-1.60); to the microclimate OR=1.26 (0.96-1.64); RR due to the air of the working area =1.19 (0.92-1.54). School teachers have a significantly higher frequency of complaints about noise than doctors and nurses, and their age-related increase in vulnerability to noise was OR=1.23 (0.98-1.55). Employees of public catering enterprises showed an increase in age-related vulnerability to all environmental factors. Employees of older age groups of industrial enterprises are more vulnerable to all factors of the production environment. The values of FI in the groups of 30-49 years and 50-69 years, respectively, were: for noise, OR=1.20 (1.01-1.43) and OR=1.15(0.88-1.50); for microclimate, OR=1.21(1.04-1.39); for working area air, OR=1.02 (0.87-1.19) and OR = 1.31 (1.06-1.62). Conclusion. Compared with the age group of 20-30 years, the probability of the influence of factors of the working environment - “noise”, “microclimate”, “air of the working area”, on the fatigue of workers increases by 10-15% at the age of 30-49 years and by 15-25% at the age of 50-60 years.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5446
Author(s):  
Hyojung Ahn ◽  
Inchoon Yeo

As the workforce shrinks, the demand for automatic, labor-saving, anomaly detection technology that can perform maintenance on advanced equipment such as vehicles has been increasing. In a vehicular environment, noise in the cabin, which directly affects users, is considered an important factor in lowering the emotional satisfaction of the driver and/or passengers in the vehicles. In this study, we provide an efficient method that can collect acoustic data, measured using a large number of microphones, in order to detect abnormal operations inside the machine via deep learning in a quick and highly accurate manner. Unlike most current approaches based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) or autoencoders, we propose an anomaly detection (AD) algorithm that can overcome the limitations of noisy measurement and detection system anomalies via noise signals measured inside the mechanical system. These features are utilized to train a variety of anomaly detection models for demonstration in noisy environments with five different errors in machine operation, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90% or more.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030
Author(s):  
Hani S. Hassan ◽  
Jammila H. Saud ◽  
Maisa'a A. Kodher

This paper intends to develop a methodology for helping amputees and crippled people old, by ongoing voice direction and association between patient and personal computer (PC) where these blends offer a promising response for helping the debilitated people. The major objective of this work is accurately detected audio orders via a microphone of an English language (go, stop, right and left) in a noisy environment by the proposed system. Thus, a patient that utilizes the proposed system can be controlling a wheelchair movement. The venture depends on preparing an off-line dataset of audio files are included 10000 orders and background noise. The proposed system has two important steps of preprocessing to get accurate of specific audio orders, accordingly, the accurate direction of wheelchair movement. Firstly, a dataset was preprocessed to reduce ambient noise by using Butterworth (cutoff 500-5000 Hz) and Wiener filter. Secondly, in the input (a microphone) of the proposed discriminative model put a procedure of infinite impulse response filter (Butterworth), passband filter for cutoff input microphone from 150-7000 Hz for back-off the loud and environment noise and local polynomial approximation (Savitzky-Golay) smoothing filter that plays out a polynomial regression on the signal values. Thus, a better for filtering from ambient noise and keeping on a waveform from distortion that makes the discriminative model accurate when voice orders were recognized. The proposed system can work with various situations and speeds for steering; forward, stop, left and right. All datasets are trained by using deep learning with specific parameters of...


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