scholarly journals Fruit traits of pioneer trees structure seed dispersal across distances on tropical deforested landscapes: Implications for restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo H. S. A. Camargo ◽  
Marco A. Pizo ◽  
Pedro H. S. Brancalion ◽  
Tomás A. Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Pioneer Trees

scholarly journals Anachronic Fruit Traits and Natural History Suggest Extinct Megafauna Herbivores as the Dispersers of an Endangered Tree

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Diego Muñoz-Concha ◽  
Karla Muñoz ◽  
Andrea P. Loayza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Dispersal Syndrome ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Low Efficiency

Megafaunal seed dispersal syndrome refers to a group of traits attributed to the evolution of plants in the presence of large mammals. Present-day plants that bear these traits in areas where megafauna are absent are presumed to represent anachronic dispersal systems. Gomortega keule is an endangered tree species from a monotypic family (Gomortegaceae), endemic to Chile. Its fruit traits suggest adaptation to seed dispersal by large vertebrates; however, none are present today along its area of distribution. Here, we conducted a detailed revision on the fruit morphology of G. keule to examine whether its fruit traits fit a megafaunal dispersal syndrome. Additionally, we examined the fruit processing behavior of large domestic and captive wild animals fed with G. keule fruits, and its effect on germination. G. keule fruits had traits consistent with those of a Type 1 megafaunal fruit. Compared to intact, whole stones, seed germination probabilities decreased when fruits were handled by animals, suggesting that the seed was damaged during mastication and/or ingestion. Moreover, results from our feeding trials with elephants may also imply low efficiency of extinct gomphotheres as seed dispersers of this species. Our results also suggest that although domestic animals may disperse G. keule, it is unlikely that at present they can substitute the services of its original dispersers. Further investigation on seedling survival, local livestock management and forest management practices may help reinstate sexual regeneration in G. keule. Finally, integrating observations on fruit ecology and local people’s knowledge with experimental data enriches our species-centered approach and may help to address regeneration problems in other endangered plants.

Seed Dispersal and Demography of Pioneer Trees: The Case of Hortia arborea

Plant Biology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. L. Melo ◽  
M. Tabarelli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Pioneer Trees

scholarly journals Fruit scent as an evolved signal to primate seed dispersal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat4871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Nevo ◽  
Diary Razafimandimby ◽  
Juan Antonio James Jeffrey ◽  
Stefan Schulz ◽  
Manfred Ayasse
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Primate Seed Dispersal

The tremendous diversity of floral and fruit traits is, to a large extent, a set of adaptations that promote plant reproduction through animal pollinators and seed dispersers. Yet, it is still unknown whether fruit scent is a by-product of fruit maturation or an evolved communication channel with animal mutualists. We show that in species that specialize on seed dispersal by lemurs—an olfactorily oriented primate—fruits increase scent production and change their chemical composition significantly more than sympatric species whose seeds are largely dispersed by birds. We further show that lemurs use these shifts in fruit scent to identify ripe fruits. These results show that fruit scent is an evolved communication system that facilitates animal-plant mutualism.

scholarly journals Evolution of Fruit Traits in Ficus Subgenus Sycomorus (Moraceae): To What Extent Do Frugivores Determine Seed Dispersal Mode?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhett D. Harrison ◽  
Nina Rønsted ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Astrid Cruaud
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Dispersal Mode

scholarly journals Seed dispersal, seedling establishment and gap partitioning among tropical pioneer trees

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dalling ◽  
Stephen P. Hubbell ◽  
Katia Silvera
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Pioneer Trees ◽  
Gap Partitioning

Can fruiting plants control animal behaviour and seed dispersal distance?

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beaune ◽  
François Bretagnolle ◽  
Loïc Bollache ◽  
Gottfried Hohmann ◽  
Barbara Fruth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Dispersal Vector ◽  
Seed Dispersal Distance

In an Afrotropical forest, we tested the hypothesis that fleshy-fruit plants with interspecific differences in fruit quality and quantity affect ranging behaviour of their seed dispersal vector. If fruiting plants could affect their dispersal vector, the plants also affect their seed dispersal distance and eventually their plant population biology. From 2007 to 2011, we measured seed transport by georeference daily bonobo group movements via GPS. Seed dispersal distance was estimated with mechanistic model, using 1200 georeferenced dispersal events and the average seed transit time through bonobo (24.00 h). We compared dissemination for eight plant species that deal with this trade-off: attracting dispersers by means of fruit quality/quantity versus retaining them in the patch because of the same quality/quantity value that attracted them. Because fruit traits of these eight species were different, we expected a difference in seed dispersal distance. Surprisingly, seed dispersal distances induced by bonobos were not affected by fruit traits. Although fruit nutrient contents, abundance and average patch feeding duration differed between plant species, patch feeding time was not related to subsequent dispersal distances. The apes’ dispersal distance survey gave an average dispersal distance estimated of 1332 ± 24 m from the parent plant (97.9% > 100 m). To conclude, feeding time invested in the patch, fruit quality and abundance had no apparent effect on bonobo seed dispersal distance. The possible effects in plant population biology are discussed.

scholarly journals Fruit odorants mediate co-specialization in a multispecies plant–animal mutualism

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1956) ◽  
pp. 20210312
Author(s):  
Sharlene E. Santana ◽  
Zofia A. Kaliszewska ◽  
Leith B. Leiser-Miller ◽  
M. Elise Lauterbur ◽  
Jessica H. Arbour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Dispersal Syndrome ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Neotropical Bats ◽  
Selective Regime

Despite the widespread notion that animal-mediated seed dispersal led to the evolution of fruit traits that attract mutualistic frugivores, the dispersal syndrome hypothesis remains controversial, particularly for complex traits such as fruit scent. Here, we test this hypothesis in a community of mutualistic, ecologically important neotropical bats ( Carollia spp.) and plants ( Piper spp.) that communicate primarily via chemical signals. We found greater bat consumption is significantly associated with scent chemical diversity and presence of specific compounds, which fit multi-peak selective regime models in Piper . Through behavioural assays, we found Carollia prefer certain compounds, particularly 2-heptanol, which evolved as a unique feature of two Piper species highly consumed by these bats. Thus, we demonstrate that volatile compounds emitted by neotropical Piper fruits evolved in tandem with seed dispersal by scent-oriented Carollia bats. Specifically, fruit scent chemistry in some Piper species fits adaptive evolutionary scenarios consistent with a dispersal syndrome hypothesis. While other abiotic and biotic processes likely shaped the chemical composition of ripe fruit scent in Piper , our results provide some of the first evidence of the effect of bat frugivory on plant chemical diversity.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

FRUGIVORIA E DISPERSÃO DE SEMENTES POR PEIXES

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Luciane Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Solimões River

Biotic or abiotic processes of seed dispersal are important for the maintenance of the diversity, and for the natural regeneration in tropical forests. Ichthyochory is one of the fundamental mechanisms for seed dispersal in flooded environments, as the “igapó” forests. A study on the ichthyochory of the igapós was conducted at Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the middle Solimões river, from June 2002 to September 2004. Monthly samples of frugivorous fish were taken, with the main fishing gears used locally. Guts of 1,688 fish caught were examined. The main species were Myloplus rubripinnis (29.21%), Hemiodus immaculatus (18.96%),Colossoma macropom um (16.23%) and Mylossoma duriventre (16.05%). The diet was made of vegetables (fruits, leave and flowers), and animals (arthropods). 53.02% of all fish caught ingested fruits. The total number of intact seeds in the stomachs and intestines were 8,069 and 5,763 respectively. About 61.9% of the Brycon melanopterus (matrinchão), 46.34% of the Brycon amazonicus (mamuri) and 30.22% of M . rubripinnis (parum ) analysed had intact seeds in their guts. Seeds of Nectandra amazonum and Genipa spruceana ingested proved to be more viable than those non-ingested by fish. The high rates of frugivory, the presence of intact seeds in the guts of fish and the greater viability of ingested seeds all suggest that these animals are important seed dispersors in the “igapó” forests of Amanã Reserve.

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