A bifunctional catalase-peroxidase,MakatG1, contributes to virulence ofMetarhizium acridumby overcoming oxidative stress on the host insect cuticle

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 4365-4378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Li ◽  
Anni Fan ◽  
Guoxiong Peng ◽  
Nemat O. Keyhani ◽  
Jiankang Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insect Cuticle ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Correlates with Wolbachia-Mediated Antiviral Protection in Wolbachia-Drosophila Associations

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 3001-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhee Sheen Wong ◽  
Jeremy C. Brownlie ◽  
Karyn N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACTWolbachiamediates antiviral protection in insect hosts and is being developed as a potential biocontrol agent to reduce the spread of insect-vectored viruses. Definition of the molecular mechanism that generates protection is important for understanding the tripartite interaction between host insect,Wolbachia, and virus. Elevated oxidative stress was previously reported for a mosquito line experimentally infected withWolbachia, suggesting that oxidative stress is important forWolbachia-mediated antiviral protection. However,Wolbachiaexperimentally introduced into mosquitoes impacts a range of host fitness traits, some of which are unrelated to antiviral protection. To explore whether elevated oxidative stress is associated with antiviral protection inWolbachia-infected insects, we analyzed oxidative stress of fiveWolbachia-infectedDrosophilalines. In flies infected with protectiveWolbachiastrains, hydrogen peroxide concentrations were 1.25- to 2-fold higher than those in paired fly lines cured ofWolbachiainfection. In contrast, there was no difference in the hydrogen peroxide concentrations in flies infected with nonprotectiveWolbachiastrains compared to flies cured ofWolbachiainfection. Using aDrosophilamutant that produces increased levels of hydrogen peroxide, we investigated whether flies with high levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species had altered responses to virus infection and found that flies with high levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were less susceptible to virus-induced mortality. Taken together, these results suggest that elevated oxidative stress correlates withWolbachia-mediated antiviral protection in naturalDrosophilahosts.

scholarly journals Regulation of Brucella abortusCatalase

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3861-3866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-a Kim ◽  
Zengyu Sha ◽  
John E. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Analysis Survival ◽  
Hostile Environments

ABSTRACT All aerobic organisms have mechanisms that protect against oxidative compounds. Catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and thioredoxin are widely distributed in many taxa and constitute elements of a nearly ubiquitous antioxidant metabolic strategy. Interestingly, the regulatory mechanisms that control these elements are rather different depending on the nature of the oxidative stress and the organism. Catalase is well documented to play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. In particular, pathogenic bacteria seem to use this enzyme as a defensive tool against attack by the host. To investigate the significance of catalase in hostile environments, we made catalase deletion mutations in two different B. abortus strains and used two-dimensional gel analysis, survival tests, and adaptation experiments to explore the behavior and role of catalase under several oxidative stress conditions. These studies show that B. abortus strains that do not express catalase activity exhibit increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. We also demonstrate that catalase expression is regulated in this species, and that preexposure to a sublethal concentration of hydrogen peroxide allows B. abortus to adapt so as to survive subsequent exposure to higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.

Enzyme activities associated with oxidative stress in Metarhizium anisopliae during germination, mycelial growth, and conidiation and in response to near-UV irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D Miller ◽  
Drauzio Rangel ◽  
Gilberto UL Braga ◽  
Stephan Flint ◽  
Sun-Il Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

Metarhizium anisopliae isolates have a wide insect host range, but an impediment to their commercial use as a biocontrol agent of above-ground insects is the high susceptibility of spores to the near-UV present in solar irradiation. To understand stress responses in M. anisopliae, we initiated studies of enzymes that protect against oxidative stress in two strains selected because their spores differed in sensitivity to UV-B. Spores of the more near-UV resistant strain in M. anisopliae 324 displayed different isozyme profiles for catalase–peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase when compared with the less resistant strain 2575. A transient loss in activity of catalase–peroxidase and glutathione reductase was observed during germination of the spores, whereas the intensity of isozymes displaying superoxide dismutase did not change as the mycelium developed. Isozyme composition for catalase–peroxidases and glutathione reductase in germlings changed with growth phase. UV-B exposure from lamps reduced the activity of isozymes displaying catalase–peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in 2575 more than in 324. The major effect of solar UV-A plus UV-B also was a reduction in catalase–peroxidases isozyme level, a finding confirmed by measurement of catalase specific activity. Impaired growth of M. anisopliae after near-UV exposure may be related to reduced abilities to handle oxidative stress.Key words: catalase–peroxidase, germination, glutathione reductase, Metarhizium anisopliae, near-UV, protein oxidation, superoxide dismutase.

scholarly journals Croton argenteus preparation inhibits initial growth, mitochondrial respiration and increase the oxidative stress from Senna occidentalis seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATLIN S. RECH ◽  
CRISTIANE B. SILVA ◽  
JULIANA D. KULIK ◽  
JOSIANE F.G. DIAS ◽  
SANDRA M.W. ZANIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if theCroton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

Redox-mediated interactions of VHb (Vitreoscilla haemoglobin) with OxyR: novel regulation of VHb biosynthesis under oxidative stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 426 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Anand ◽  
Brian T. Duk ◽  
Sandeep Singh ◽  
Meltem Y. Akbas ◽  
Dale A. Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

The bacterial haemoglobin from Vitreoscilla, VHb, displays several unusual properties that are unique among the globin family. When the gene encoding VHb, vgb, is expressed from its natural promoter in either Vitreoscilla or Escherichia coli, the level of VHb increases more than 50-fold under hypoxic conditions and decreases significantly during oxidative stress, suggesting similar functioning of the vgb promoter in both organisms. In the present study we show that expression of VHb in E. coli induced the antioxidant genes katG (catalase–peroxidase G) and sodA (superoxide dismutase A) and conferred significant protection from oxidative stress. In contrast, when vgb was expressed in an oxyR mutant of E. coli, VHb levels increased and the strain showed high sensitivity to oxidative stress without induction of antioxidant genes; this indicates the involvement of the oxidative stress regulator OxyR in mediating the protective effect of VHb under oxidative stress. A putative OxyR-binding site was identified within the vgb promoter and a gel-shift assay confirmed its interaction with oxidized OxyR, an interaction which was disrupted by the reduced form of the transcriptional activator Fnr (fumurate and nitrate reductase). This suggested that the redox state of OxyR and Fnr modulates their interaction with the vgb promoter. VHb associated with reduced OxyR in two-hybrid screen experiments and in vitro, converting it into an oxidized state in the presence of NADH, a condition where VHb is known to generate H2O2. These observations unveil a novel mechanism by which VHb may transmit signals to OxyR to autoregulate its own biosynthesis, simultaneously activating oxidative stress functions. The activation of OxyR via VHb, reported in the present paper for the first time, suggests the involvement of VHb in transcriptional control of many other genes as well.

Oxidative stress response of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black leaf streak disease in banana plants, to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel J. Beltrán-García ◽  
Gilberto Manzo-Sanchez ◽  
Salvador Guzmán-González ◽  
Carlos Arias-Castro ◽  
Martha Rodríguez-Mendiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fijiensis ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Black Leaf Streak ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase ◽  
Black Leaf Streak Disease

Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease in banana and plantain. This fungus is usually attacked by reactive oxygen species secreted by the plant or during exposure to fungicide, however, little is known about the antioxidant response of the fungus. In this study, mycelia were observed to totally decompose 30 mmol/L of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) within 120 min, liberating oxygen bubbles, and also to survive in concentrations as high as 100 mmol/L H2O2. The oxidative stress responses to H2O2, paraquat, and hydroquinone were characterized in terms of the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Two active catalase bands were seen in native PAGE induced by H2O2. Band I had monofunctional activity and band II had bifunctional catalase–peroxidase activity. Two isozymes of SOD, distinguishable by their cyanide sensitivity, were found; CuZnSOD was the main one. The combination of H2O2 and 3-aminotriazole reduced the accumulation of biomass up to 40% compared with exposure to H2O2 alone, suggesting that catalase is important for the rapid decomposition of H2O2 and has a direct bearing on cell viability. The results also suggest that the superoxide anion formed through the redox of paraquat and hydroquinone has a greater effect than H2O2 on the cellular viability of M. fijiensis.

scholarly journals Increased cellular resistance to oxidative stress by expression of cyanobacterium catalase-peroxidase in animal cells

FEBS Letters ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 426 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Yuriko Ohta ◽  
Toru Takeda ◽  
Shigeru Shigeoka ◽  
Morimitsu Nishikimi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Cellular Resistance ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

scholarly journals The Plant Host Brassica napus Induces in the Pathogen Verticillium longisporum the Expression of Functional Catalase Peroxidase Which Is Required for the Late Phase of Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Singh ◽  
Susanna A. Braus-Stromeyer ◽  
Christian Timpner ◽  
Oliver Valerius ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Advanced Phase ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

The devastating soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium longisporum is host specific to members of the family Brassicaceae, including oilseed rape (Brassica napus) as the economically most important crop. The fungus infects through the roots and causes stunting and early senescence of susceptible host plants and a marked decrease in crop yield. We show here that V. longisporum reacts to the presence of B. napus xylem sap with the production of six distinct upregulated and eight downregulated proteins visualized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Identification of 10 proteins by mass spectrometry revealed that all upregulated proteins are involved in oxidative stress response. The V. longisporum catalase peroxidase (VlCPEA) was the most upregulated protein and is encoded by two isogenes, VlcpeA-1 and VlcpeA-2. Both genes are 98% identical, corroborating the diploid or “amphihaploid” status of the fungus. Knock downs of both VlcpeA genes reduced protein expression by 80% and resulted in sensitivity against reactive oxygen species. Whereas saprophytic growth and the initial phase of the plant infection were phenotypically unaffected, the mutants were not able to perform the late phases of disease. We propose that the catalase peroxidase plays a role in protecting the fungus from the oxidative stress generated by the host plant at an advanced phase of the disease.

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