Croton argenteus preparation inhibits initial growth, mitochondrial respiration and increase the oxidative stress from Senna occidentalis seedlings

Senna ocidentalis is a weed, native to Brazil, considered to infest crops and plantations, and is responsible for yield losses of several crops, particularly soybean. The aim of this work was to evaluate if theCroton argenteus extract and fractions possess phytotoxic activity on S. ocidentalis. The crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and its hexanic (HF), chloroformic (CLF) and ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions were tested in germination, growth, oxidative stress increase, Adenosine triphosphate, L-malate and succinate synthesis. The crude extract and its fractions slowed down the germination of S. ocidentalis and decreased the final percentage of germination. Oxidative stress was also increased in the seedlings, by an increase of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation; and it became clear that the ethyl acetate fraction was more phytotoxic. The results indicate that the crude extract and fractions of C. argenteus compromise the mitochondrial energy metabolism, by the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production, with a decrease in the production of L-malate and succinate. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. argenteus showed high activity on germination and growth, and these effects take place by means of mitochondrial metabolism alterations and increase the oxidative stress, leading the seedling death.

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The Effect of Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chayote fruit (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) on the Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance of Male White Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (A) ◽

pp. 962-969

Author(s):

Jekson Martiar Siahaan ◽

Syaffruddin Illyas ◽

Dharma Lindarto ◽

Marline Nainggolan

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Insulin Level ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Sechium Edule

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) causes insulin resistance and disordered insulin secretion. Pathomechanisms of T2D consist of dysfunctional pancreatic β-cell and insulin resistance caused by free radical (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) that produced from the glucose metabolism pathway. Insulin resistance can be measured using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Oxidative stress can measure through the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AIM: This research aims to study the potential of chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) to be used as antihyperglycemic in T2D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with a post-test randomized controlled group design. Eleven groups with four male rats each were used. Normal untreated rats were treated under ad libitum feeding and drinking condition. Meanwhile, the rat models were induced with the combination of 45 mg/kg b.w. streptozotocin, 110 mg/kg b.w. nicotinamide, 40.5 mg/kg b.w. metformin, high-fat diet, and/or chayote extract. The chayote extract was orally administered to the rat in the form of ethanol extract and/or ethyl acetate fraction, with three dosages of 45 mg/kg b.w., 100 mg/kg b.w., and 150 mg/kg b.w. for each extract type. The body weight, glucose level, insulin level, MDA, and SOD activities were measured. The HOMA-IR was used. RESULTS: The lowest body weight of the rat model in week 0 was 145 ± 25.31, founded in Group H that was treated with ethyl acetate fraction of chayote extract (45 mg/kg b.w.). The lowest blood sugar level in the group with 2 h glucose load was 112.5 ± 27.00 on average, found in Group G that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract (150 mg/kg b.w.). The highest SOD in the group treated with chayote extract was 1.27 ± 0.20, founded in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest level of MDA was 0.86 ± 0.70 in Group H treated with ethyl acetate 45 mg/kg b.w. The lowest fasting blood sugar spectrophotometer level was 150.54 ± 17.24 mg/dl in Group K with metformin treatment, followed by 155.16 ± 31.92 mg/dl in Group K treated 45 mg/kg b.w. ethanol treatment. The highest insulin level was 6.14 ± 0.71, founded in Group F that was treated with chayote ethanolic extract 100 mg/kg b.w. The lowest measurement of HOMA-IR was 0.16 ± 0.80 in Group E treated with ethanol extract of chayote 45 mg/kg b.w. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract and fractionation of chayote work as an antioxidant and anti-insulin resistance.

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CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT AND FRACTION FROM CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA LEAVES ON HUMAN COLON CANCER WIDR CELL LINES

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.9022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roihatul Mutiah ◽

Sukardiman . ◽

Aty Widyawaruyanti

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Human Colon ◽

Human Colon Cancer ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Widr Cell

Objectives: This paper sought to understand and determine the cytotoxic’s effects of crude extract and its fraction from Calotropis gigantea leaves on human colon cancer WiDr cell lines.Methods: The ethanolic extract was fractionated gradually with certain substances to yield four fractions. The substances were dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The four fractions resulted in dichloromethane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction, and a water fraction. These fractions were then investigated for their cytotoxic effects on WiDr cells. The cell viability was assessed using MTT colorimetric assay.Results: The result indicated that the cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract (IC5048.5 μg/ml), ethyl acetate fraction (IC5041.79 μg/ml), and dichloromethane fraction (IC5040.57μg/ml) produced a much more potent effect than the butanol fraction (IC50 737.74 μg/ml) and water fraction (IC508493 μg/ml).Conclusion: The ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate fraction and dichloromethane fraction exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect on human colon cancer WiDr cell line. The crude extract and fractions are potential to be developed as an anticancer agent in colon cancer therapy.

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Ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Coutoubea spicata attenuate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and muscle damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats subjected to resistance exercise training program

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2019-0331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 401-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jymmys Lopes dos Santos ◽

Silvan Silva de Araújo ◽

Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva ◽

Clésio Andrade Lima ◽

Lúcio Marques Vieira Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Muscle Damage ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Gentianaceae family (such as Coutoubea spicata) contains iridoids and flavonoids with antidiabetic properties. However, there is no information available about the antidiabetic effects of C. spicata when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). This study evaluated the effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of C. spicata on biochemical markers, muscle damage, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats submitted to RET. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were distributed into 4 groups (each group, n = 8) treated with distilled water (TD), EE, EAF, or metformin and submitted to RET. Two groups without the disease (each group, n = 8) (sedentary control and trained control), as well as a sedentary diabetic group (n = 8) were included. Body weight and glycemia were evaluated weekly. After 30 days, lipid/lipoprotein profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, muscle damage ((creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were evaluated. MDA and SH for pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle were evaluated. C. spicata extract and fraction combined with RET recovered body weight and reduced glycemia, muscle damage (CK: 36.83% and 21.45%; LDH: 49.83% and 68.55%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.63%; 59.18%) and improved redox status (MDA: 50.33%, 39.74%; and SH: 53.97%; 76.41%), respectively, when compared with the TD group. C. spicata plus RET promoted anti-hyperglycemic, lipid-reducing, and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats. Novelty C. spicata presents anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects potentiated by RET. C. spicata reduces muscle injury and increases antioxidant defense.

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Ethanolic Extracts of Adlay Testa and Hull and Their Active Biomolecules Exert Relaxing Effect on Uterine Muscle Contraction through Blocking Extracellular Calcium Influx in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11060887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 887

Author(s):

Yun-Ju Huang ◽

Yu-Chieh Chen ◽

Hsin-Yuan Chen ◽

Yi-Fen Chiang ◽

Mohamed Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Uterine Contraction ◽

Calcium Influx ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Human Myometrium ◽

Writhing Test

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most prevalent disorders in gynecology. Historically, adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been explored for its anti-tumor, pain relief, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adlay seeds on the inhibition of uterine contraction and thus dysmenorrhea relief, in vitro and in vivo. HPLC-MS and GC were used to elucidate the ethyl acetate fraction of adlay testa ethanolic extract (ATE-EA) and ethyl acetate fraction of adlay hull ethanolic extract (AHE-EA). Elucidation yielded flavonoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Uterine leiomyomas and normal adjacent myometrial tissue were evaluated by oxytocin- and PG-induced uterine contractility. ATE-EA and AHE-EA suppressed uterine contraction induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), oxytocin, carbachol, and high-KCl solution ex vivo. In addition, the external calcium (Ca2+) influx induced contraction, and increased Ca2+ concentration was inhibited by ATE-EA and AHE-EA on the uterine smooth muscle of rats. Furthermore, ATE-EA and AHE-EA effectively attenuated the contraction of normal human myometrium tissues more than adjacent uterine leiomyoma in response to PGF2α. 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Heptamethoxyflavone and chrysoeriol produced a remarkable inhibition with values of IC50 = 24.91 and 25.59 µM, respectively. The experimental results showed that treatment with ATE-EA at 30 mg/day effectively decreased the writhing frequency both on the oxytocin-induced writhing test and acetic acid writhing test of the ICR mouse.

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Harpagophytum Procumbens Ethyl Acetate Fraction Reduces Fluphenazine-Induced Vacuous Chewing Movements and Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

Neurochemical Research ◽

10.1007/s11064-015-1811-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1170-1184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larissa Finger Schaffer ◽

Catiuscia Molz de Freitas ◽

Ana Paula Chiapinotto Ceretta ◽

Luis Ricardo Peroza ◽

Elizete de Moraes Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Vacuous Chewing Movements ◽

Harpagophytum Procumbens ◽

Vacuous Chewing ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4707 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Nyi Mekar Saptarini ◽

Irma Erika Herawati

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Ficus Benjamina ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Free Radical Formation ◽

Annona Reticulata

Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC50 values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of Ficus benjamina was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC50 value of Annona reticulata was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the Ficus benjamina water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction.

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Wound healing activity of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v1it5.533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (T5) ◽

pp. 35-40

Author(s):

To Dinh Le ◽

Nga Thi Hoang ◽

Nhan Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽

Thuoc Linh Tran ◽

Thao Thi Phuong Dang

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

National Park ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Conyza Canadensis ◽

Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽

Wound Healing Activity ◽

Stimulation Of

Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (CCL) has been used by K’Ho minority in Bidoup Nui Ba national park, Lam Dong province, Vietnam as one of wound healing remedies. However, the scientific proof of treatment is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate this wound healing potential of CCL. CCL power was extracted by ethanol and then partitioned consecutively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water. Wound healing potential was evaluated by antibacterial activity, stimulation of fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation. Agar-well diffusion was used in the antibacterial tests and the results showed that CCL had antibacterial activity against 02 dermatitis bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) and 02 opportunistic infection bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis). Moreover, our results illustrated that CCL stimulated the fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation compared to the control. Particularly, the fibroblast division increased 1.6 times at 31.25 µg/mL when treated by ethanolic extract, while ethyl acetate fraction showed 1.7 times increase at 10 µg/mL in keratinocyte proliferation compared to the control. Taken together, our study contributed scientific base of CCL in the wound healing.

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