An Investigation into the Relationship between Neuroticism, Extraversion and Cognitive Test Performance in Selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Perceived Cognitive Difficulties and Cognitive Test Performance as Predictors of Employment Outcomes in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Honan ◽  
Rhonda F. Brown ◽  
Jennifer Batchelor
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPerceived cognitive difficulties and cognitive impairment are important determinants of employment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, it is not clear how they are related to adverse work outcomes and whether the relationship is influenced by depressive symptoms. Thus, this study examined perceived and actual general cognitive and prospective memory function, and cognitive appraisal accuracy, in relation to adverse work outcomes. The possible mediating and/or moderating role of depression was also examined. A cross-sectional community-based sample of 111 participants (33 males, 78 females) completed the Multiple Sclerosis Work Difficulties Questionnaire (MSWDQ), Beck Depression Inventory – Fast Screen (BDI-FS), and questions related to their current or past employment. They then underwent cognitive testing using the Screening Examination for Cognitive Impairment, Auditory Consonant Trigrams test, Zoo Map Test, and Cambridge Prospective Memory Test. Perceived general cognitive and prospective memory difficulties in the workplace and performance on the respective cognitive tests were found to predict unemployment and reduced work hours since MS diagnosis due to MS. Depression was also related to reduced work hours, but it did not explain the relationship between perceived cognitive difficulties and the work outcomes. Nor was it related to cognitive test performance. The results highlight a need to address the perceptions of cognitive difficulties together with cognitive impairment and levels of depression in vocational rehabilitation programs in pwMS. (JINS, 2015,21, 156–168)

Neuropsychology of Multiple Sclerosis: Looking Back and Moving Forward

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 832-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph H.B. Benedict ◽  
John DeLuca ◽  
Christian Enzinger ◽  
Jeroen J.G. Geurts ◽  
Lauren B. Krupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) have evolved over the past three decades. What was once thought to be a rare occurrence, cognitive dysfunction is now viewed as one of the most disabling symptoms of the disease, with devastating effects on patients’ quality of life. This selective review will highlight major innovations and scientific discoveries in the areas of neuropathology, neuroimaging, diagnosis, and treatment that pertain to our understanding of the neuropsychological aspects of MS. Specifically, we focus on the recent discovery that MS produces pathogical lesions of gray matter (GM) that have consequences for cognitive functions. Methods for imaging these GM lesions in MS are discussed along with multimodal imaging studies that integrate structural and functional imaging methods to provide a better understanding of the relationship between cognitive test performance and functional reserve. Innovations in the screening and comprehensive assessment of cognitive disorders are presented along with recent research that examines cognitive dysfunction in pediatric MS. Results of innovative outcome studies in cognitive rehabilitation are discussed. Finally, we highlight trends for potential future innovations over the next decade. (JINS, 2017, 23, 832–842)

scholarly journals Saliva RNA biomarkers predict concussion duration and detect symptom recovery: a comparison with balance and cognitive testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Fedorchak ◽  
Aakanksha Rangnekar ◽  
Cayce Onks ◽  
Andrea C. Loeffert ◽  
Jayson Loeffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Symptom Recovery ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance

Abstract Objective The goals of this study were to assess the ability of salivary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) levels to predict post-concussion symptoms lasting ≥ 21 days, and to examine the ability of ncRNAs to identify recovery compared to cognition and balance. Methods RNA sequencing was performed on 505 saliva samples obtained longitudinally from 112 individuals (8–24-years-old) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Initial samples were obtained ≤ 14 days post-injury, and follow-up samples were obtained ≥ 21 days post-injury. Computerized balance and cognitive test performance were assessed at initial and follow-up time-points. Machine learning was used to define: (1) a model employing initial ncRNA levels to predict persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) ≥ 21 days post-injury; and (2) a model employing follow-up ncRNA levels to identify symptom recovery. Performance of the models was compared against a validated clinical prediction rule, and balance/cognitive test performance, respectively. Results An algorithm using age and 16 ncRNAs predicted PPCS with greater accuracy than the validated clinical tool and demonstrated additive combined utility (area under the curve (AUC) 0.86; 95% CI 0.84–0.88). Initial balance and cognitive test performance did not differ between PPCS and non-PPCS groups (p > 0.05). Follow-up balance and cognitive test performance identified symptom recovery with similar accuracy to a model using 11 ncRNAs and age. A combined model (ncRNAs, balance, cognition) most accurately identified recovery (AUC 0.86; 95% CI 0.83–0.89). Conclusions ncRNA biomarkers show promise for tracking recovery from mTBI, and for predicting who will have prolonged symptoms. They could provide accurate expectations for recovery, stratify need for intervention, and guide safe return-to-activities.

Patterns of Cognitive Test Performance As Functions of the Lateral Localization of Cerebral Abnormalities in the Temporal Lobe

1957 ◽  
Vol 103 (433) ◽  
pp. 758-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Meyer ◽  
H. Gwynne Jones
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Lateral Localization

Various investigations into the effects of brain injury on psychological test performance (Weisenburg and McBride, 1935; Patterson and Zangwill, 1944; Anderson, 1951; McFie and Piercy, 1952; Bauer and Becka, 1954; Milner, 1954) suggest the overall conclusion that patients with left hemisphere lesions are relatively poor at verbal tasks, while those with right-sided lesions do worst at practical tasks, particularly the manipulation of spatial or spatio-temporal relationships. Heilbfun's (1956) study confirmed that verbal deficits result from left-sided lesions but his left and right hemisphere groups produced almost identical scores on spatial tests. In so far as these workers paid attention to the specific sites of the lesions, their findings indicate that the pattern of test performance is a function of the hemisphere in which the lesion occurs rather than of its specific locus.

Improvement of cognitive test performance in patients undergoing primary CABG and other CPB-assisted cardiac procedures

Perfusion ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM van den Goor ◽  
BK Saxby ◽  
JG Tijssen ◽  
KA Wesnes ◽  
BA de Mol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Cabg Patients

Cardiac surgical procedures assisted by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) impair cognitive functions. Several studies, however, showed that cognitive functions were unaffected in patients undergoing either primary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or more complex surgery assisted by CPB. Therefore, we conducted a straightforward study to compare patient groups who differed significantly in terms of risk factors such as prolonged CPB times. Consecutive patients (n = 54) were included, undergoing either non-primary CABG, e.g. valve and/or CABG, (n = 30) or primary CABG (n = 24), assisted by CPB. Cognitive function was determined pre-operatively on the day of hospital admission, and post-operatively after one and six months using the Cognitive Drug Research computerized assessment battery. Data from the fourteen individual task variables were summarized in four composite scores: Power of Attention (PoA), Continuity of Attention (CoA), Quality of Episodic Memory (QoEM), and Speed of Memory (SoM). In the non-primary CABG patients, both CoA and QoEM improved after 1 month (p = 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively), whereas, after 6 months, CoA (p = 0.002), QoEM (p = 0.002) and SoM (p < 0.001) were improved. In primary CABG patients, CoA improved at one month after surgery (p = 0.002) and, after six months, not only CoA (p = 0.003), but also QoEM and SoM were improved (p = 0.001 and p = 0.030, respectively). The test performance was similar in non-primary and primary CABG patients after surgery. Our present study shows a post-operative improvement of cognitive composite scores after cardiac surgery assisted by CPB in both non-primary CABG and in primary CABG patients.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Visual Perception Visual Memory Cognitive Functions and Emotional Status among Genders in Elderly Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
A. Ruhina ◽  
G. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Picture Identification

Background: Gender differences in visual memory and perception and cognitive test performance have been significantly influenced by factors like sex Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in patterns of cognitive test performance and visual perception in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: Cognitive functions and visual perception was analyzed using clock drawing test and picture identification test in 20 elderly men and women (10 each) and their emotional status was assessed using depression scale Results: The results revealed that females had a better visual memory and depth perception compared to men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05. Females performed better than men on tests of Picture identification and were better in phonemic verbal skills compared to male men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05 Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that women were better in their performance related to visual depth perception and cognitive functions.

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