Schattenwirtschaft und Schwarzarbeit – Eine wirtschafts- und gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik H. Enste
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Social Security Contributions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Exit Option ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract The growing shadow economy in Germany is a challenge to the welfare state and economic policy. The burden of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory activities are the main causes for the increase in the shadow economy. The consequences are ambivalent, since illicit work can increase welfare and boost institutional change but can also lead to a crisis of the welfare state. A substantial reform of the social security system and the tax system can reduce the incentives to use the `exit option’. In addition, the use of the `voiceoption’ must become more attractive.

Le vie cristiane della sicurezza sociale. I cattolici italiani e il welfare state

2013 ◽  
pp. 91-120
Author(s):  
Edoardo Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Social State ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Christian Socialism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Welfare State

In Italy, from the 1930s until the end of the century, the relationship between the Catholic world and the development of the Social state becomes a very relevant theme. Social thought and Catholic historiography issues witness a European civilisation crisis, by highlighting problems of poverty and historical forms of assistance. Furthermore, by following the 1931 Pope Pius XI encyclical Quadragesimo anno these issues interacted with fascist corporativism. After 1945, other key experiences arose, as the discussion on social security as the conclusion of the whole public assistance debate shown. These themes are reported in the Bologna social week works in 1949 and in Fanfani's and La Pira's positions, which present several correspondences with British and French worlds, such as Christian socialism, Reinhold Niebuhr's thought and Maritain's remarks. The 1948 Republican Constitution adopts the Welfare State model assumptions, and it is in those very years that the problem of a system based on a universal outlook arose. Afterwards, governments of coalition led by centre and left-wing parties fostered social security through welfare and health reforms until the '80s. While this model falls into crisis, and new social actors begin to be involved in a context of subsidiarity.

“Where Is the Money Coming From?” The Reconstruction of Social Security Finance, 1939–1950

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Emmanuel Zelizer
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
American Politics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Social Security Tax ◽  
The Social ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Working Families ◽  
As If

Social Security has achieved a privileged status in American politics. As a result of the Social Security tax, supporters claim, recipients have not received unearned benefits, nor has Congress felt as if it were building a massive welfare state. Indeed, the Social Security tax system has legitimated the program in the minds of policy experts, politicians, and recipients. Through Social Security, the American state has forged a strong alliance with the elderly and their descendants, both with retirees who received cash payments and with working families who did not have to finance their parents' retirement years.

Beveridge and the Reform of Social Security — Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Dorothy Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Welfare State

THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM HAS COINCIDED WITH A crisis of capitalism. At the very time when discredited Marxist dogmas have been abandoned and the former Communist countries are seeking to privatize their industries and replace planning with the market, the capitalist economies have again displayed their traditional weaknesses. For inequality has widened, and large numbers of people are still said to be in poverty notwithstanding the fact that expenditure on the welfare state in its various forms absorbs much the larger part of public expenditure. Increasing scepticism about the welfare state has been accompanied by a loss of faith in macro-economic policy. Not only has mass unemployment returned on a scale that would once have been thought inconceivable but it appears to be assumed, with gloomy resignation, that the number without work, even if reduced by a cyclical recovery, will remain high for an indefinite period ahead. In these respects, the rich West presents a discouraging prospect to the aspiring East.

scholarly journals IDEOLOGY AND WELFARE STATE: HOW POLITICAL PARTIES INFLUENCE SOCIAL POLICY? THE CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1348
Author(s):  
Elisabeta Bajrami Ollogu
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Welfare State

With the collapse of the former SFRY115, citizens, vulnerable groups in particular and the overall Macedonian society had to face the first decade of a prolonged transition, characterized by continuous reforms and rapid changes as a result of the newly emerging social conditions, ideological, political and economic challenges. The first decade of transitional period resulted in chaotic changes not only in the economic system, but in weaker measures of social protection and social security. With increased rates of unemployment, pensions and social security declining, health care services weakened, a number of legislative changes were introduced, both in terms of funding, administration and delivery of social policy services and institutional arrangements of social protection system. However, it has been shown that these policies and laws have not improved the overall situation of social beneficiary users nor have they helped to include them in the labor market.Since the independence of the country, social policies have undergone many changes broadly influenced by demographic factors, low economic growth and ideological ‘preferences’ of political parties governing the country so far. The question that naturally arises is: how much the measures applied have given rise to a positive change for the existence of the welfare state and to what extent it can be estimated that the social policies undertaken were influenced by ideological preferences? What is the legacy with the former state-socialist welfare tradition? Which were the main influences in the establishment of the welfare state in North Macedonia? Methodologically, this research is mainly characterized by literature review with the aim to analyze the social context in which reforms have undergone and being implemented. A document analysis of social policy documents will be used as well.

The Zaqât in Muslim society: an analysis of Islamic economic policy

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep-Antoni Ybarra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Welfare State

For the Muslim, the zaqât is an ethically compulsory payment of a religious character having material connotations. By means of the zaqât, a mechanism of individual and collective regulation is established that permits the promotion, consolidation and organization of the collective, Islam. It is a socializing precept that introduces the beginnings of the “welfare state”. However, it should also be pointed out that it instils in the Muslim ultraconservative behaviour and a disinclination to participate in the life of society; the practice of the zaqât de-incites individual demands, maintaining a status quo in relation to the social order and the logic of a class-conscious society.

scholarly journals Wither the social security and the welfare state in the 21st century - A relic or necessity?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Zuzana Macková
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Welfare State

Article provides for an overview of core terms, definitions and recent developments in the area of social rights and social security in context of Central and Eastern Europe, with focus on Slovakia. It advocates for protection of social standards through the universalist, social-democratic model of welfare state, in order to uphold and enhance democracy and human rights in the region, with a view of their genuine, daily realisation and enjoyment by everyone and all.

Depression and the Welfare State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Social Provision ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ◽  
High Place

This chapter navigates the 1930s and groups two impulses into it: responding to the Great Depression and building a welfare state equipped with instruments of social provision. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Democrats blended these two impulses when they executed their New Deal in the 1930s. However, on current inspection, the blend is confusing and sometimes contradictory, and there is a difference in time span. Responding to the Great Depression was clearly a 1930s drive; whereas the Social Security Act of 1935 still enjoys its high place at the top of the American welfare state. The chapter shows how the timeline on building U.S. social provision runs a lot longer before and afterward.

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