scholarly journals Mortality Inequality in Finland*

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Kristiina Huttunen ◽  
Stefano Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Inequality

Dynamics of Child Mortality Inequality

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
Tom S. Vogl
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Mortality Decline ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Mortality Inequality

Half a century of economic research asks how economic inequality evolves during aggregate economic progress. I extend this literature to quantify inequality in the incidence of child death across mothers and study its evolution during aggregate mortality decline. Data from 238 household surveys in 79 developing countries show that as child mortality falls in aggregate, it becomes more unequally distributed across mothers.

scholarly journals The evolution of infant mortality inequality in the United States, 1960–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. eaba5908
Author(s):  
Nick Turner ◽  
Kaveh Danesh ◽  
Kelsey Moran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Antipoverty Programs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mortality Inequality

What is the relationship between infant mortality and poverty in the United States and how has it changed over time? We address this question by analyzing county-level data between 1960 and 2016. Our estimates suggest that level differences in mortality rates between the poorest and least poor counties decreased meaningfully between 1960 and 2000. Nearly three-quarters of the decrease occurred between 1960 and 1980, coincident with the introduction of antipoverty programs and improvements in medical care for infants. We estimate that declining inequality accounts for 18% of the national reduction in infant mortality between 1960 and 2000. However, we also find that level differences between the poorest and least poor counties remained constant between 2000 and 2016, suggesting an important role for policies that improve the health of infants in poor areas.

scholarly journals Changing effect of the numerator–denominator bias in unlinked data on mortality differentials by education: evidence from Estonia, 2000–2015

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214487
Author(s):  
Domantas Jasilionis ◽  
Mall Leinsalu
Keyword(s):  
High Education ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Death Record ◽  
Education Group ◽  
Range Type ◽  
Mortality Estimates ◽  
Mortality Inequality

BackgroundThis study highlights changing disagreement between census and death record information in the reporting of the education of the deceased and shows how these reporting differences influence a range of mortality inequality estimates.MethodsThis study uses a census-linked mortality data set for Estonia for the periods 2000–2003 and 2012–2015. The information on the education of the deceased was drawn from both the censuses and death records. Range-type, Gini-type and regression-based measures were applied to measure absolute and relative mortality inequality according to the two types of data on the education of the deceased.ResultsThe study found a small effect of the numerator–denominator bias on unlinked mortality estimates for the period 2000–2003. The effect of this bias became sizeable in the period 2012–2015: in high education group, mortality was overestimated by 23–28%, whereas the middle education group showed notable underestimation of mortality. The same effect was small for the lowest education group. These biases led to substantial distortions in range-type inequality measures, whereas unlinked and linked Gini-type measures showed somewhat closer agreement.ConclusionsThe changing distortions in the unlinked estimates reported in this study warn that this type of evidence cannot be readily used for monitoring changes in mortality inequalities.

scholarly journals Mortality Inequality in Canada and the United States: Divergent or Convergent Trends?

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (S2) ◽  
pp. S325-S353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Baker ◽  
Janet Currie ◽  
Hannes Schwandt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Inequality

scholarly journals Income-Related Mortality Inequalities and Its Social Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults at the District Level in Aging Seoul: An Ecological Study Using Administrative Big Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Minhye Kim ◽  
Suzin You ◽  
Jong-sung You ◽  
Seung-Yun Kim ◽  
Jong Heon Park
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Mortality Inequality

This study investigated income-related health inequality at sub-national level, focusing on mortality inequality among middle-aged and older adults (MOAs). Specifically, we examined income-related mortality inequality and its social factors among MOAs across 25 districts in Seoul using administrative big data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). We obtained access to the NHIS’s full-population micro-data on both incomes and demographic variables for the entire residents of Seoul. Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were calculated. The effects of social attributes of districts on SIIs and RIIs were examined through ordinary least squares and spatial regressions. There were clear income-related mortality gradients. Cross-district variance of mortality rates was greater among the lowest income group. SIIs were smaller in wealthier districts. Weak spatial correlation was found in SIIs among men. Lower RIIs were linked to lower Gini coefficients of income for both genders. SIIs (men) were associated with higher proportions of special occupational pensioners and working population. Lower SIIs and RIIs (women) were associated with higher proportions of female household heads. The results suggest that increasing economic activities, targeting households with female heads, reforming public pensions, and reducing income inequality among MOAs can be good policy directions.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of mortality inequality in South Africa in the HIV era

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Haal ◽  
Anja Smith ◽  
Eddy van Doorslaer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mortality Inequality

scholarly journals Mortality Inequality

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Peltzman
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Mortality Inequality

The paper describes how changes in the inequality of lifetimes have contributed to changes in the social distribution of welfare. I address the following questions: How can we measure inequality of lifetimes? How has this kind of inequality changed over time? How is this inequality related to increased longevity? How do these trends differ across and within countries? Unequal longevity was once a major source of social inequality, perhaps even more important in some sense than income inequality, for a long time. But over the last century, this inequality has declined drastically in high-income countries and is now comparatively trivial.

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