An Intentions–Based Model of Entrepreneurial Teams’ Social Cognition*

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Shepherd ◽  
Norris F. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Domain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

Research has identified crucial antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship. Research has also identified crucial antecedents of entrepreneurial thinking. This article uses lessons from social cognition to explicitly link these two issues. We adapt an intentions–based model of how to promote entrepreneurial thinking from its original domain of individual entrepreneurship and translate that model to the domain of corporate entrepreneurship. From our intentions–based model of the social cognition of entrepreneurial teams, we emphasize the importance of perceptions of desirability and feasibility and that these perceptions are from the team as well as the individual perspective. This leads to three propositions about entrepreneurial teams and an outline of the opportunities for future research.

The Subjective Present and Its Modulation in Clinical Contexts

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Tschacher ◽  
Fabian Ramseyer ◽  
Claudia Bergomi
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gestalt Perception ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Time is a basic dimension in psychology, underlying behavior and experience. Timing and time perception constitute implicit processes that are often inaccessible to the individual person. Research in this field has shown that timing is involved in many areas of clinical significance. In the projects presented here, we combine timing with seemingly different fields of research, such as psychopathology, perceptual grouping, and embodied cognition. Focusing on the time scale of the subjective present, we report findings from three different clinical studies: (1) We studied perceived causality in schizophrenia patients, finding that perceptual grouping (‘binding’, ‘Gestalt formation’), which leads to visual causality perceptions, did not distinguish between patients and healthy controls. Patients however did integrate context (provided by the temporal distribution of auditory context stimuli) less into perceptions, in significant contrast to controls. This is consistent with reports of higher inaccuracy in schizophrenia patients’ temporal processing. (2) In a project on auditory Gestalt perception we investigated auditory perceptual grouping in schizophrenia patients. The mean dwell time was positively related to how much patients were prone to auditory hallucinations. Dwell times of auditory Gestalts may be regarded as operationalizations of the subjective present; findings thus suggested that patients with hallucinations had a shorter present. (3) The movement correlations of interacting individuals were used to study the non-verbal synchrony between therapist and patient in psychotherapy sessions. We operationalized the duration of an embodied ‘social present’ by the statistical significance of such associations, finding a window of roughly 5.7 seconds in conversing dyads. We discuss that temporal scales of nowness may be modifiable, e.g., by mindfulness. This yields promising goals for future research on timing in the clinical context: psychotherapeutic techniques may alter binding processes, hence the subjective present of individuals, and may affect the social present in therapeutic interactions.

scholarly journals It’s Time We Talk About Time in Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moren Lévesque ◽  
Ute Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Firm Strategy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Use Studies

This editorial draws attention to time to advance entrepreneurship research by focusing on two aspects of time—time perspective and time management. We initiate a deeper conversation on time in entrepreneurship and illustrate the value of a time-based lens for entrepreneurship research through discussing examples at the individual, firm and context levels. These examples consider underdog and portfolio entrepreneurs; well-being; social and unethical entrepreneurial behavior; entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneur–investor dyads; firm strategy; industry and cultural contexts. We review promising methods for time-conscious entrepreneurship research: process, true longitudinal, diary, experience sampling, observational, work-shadowing and time-use studies; historical approaches; experiments; and simulations.

Social by Default: Characterizing the Social Functions of the Resting Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
The Social

Social-neuroscience research has identified a set of medial frontoparietal brain regions that reliably engage during social cognition. At the same time, cognitive-neuroscience research has shown that these regions comprise part of the default network, so named because they reliably activate during mental breaks by default. Although the anatomical similarity between the social brain and the default brain is well documented, why this overlap exists remains a mystery. Does the tendency to engage these regions by default during rest have particular social functions, and if so, what might these be? Here, it is suggested that the default network performs two critical social functions during rest: social priming and social consolidation. These constructs will be defined, recently published empirical findings that support them will be reviewed, and directions for future research on the topic will be proposed.

scholarly journals Maass, Pavon & Suitner HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL COGNITION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Maass
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we argue that some fundamental concepts and tools of signal processing may beeffectively applied to represent and interpret social cognition processes. From this viewpoint,individuals or, more generally, social stimuli are thought of as a weighted sum of harmonics withdifferent frequencies: Low frequencies represent general categories such as gender, ethnic group,nationality, etc., whereas high frequencies account for personal characteristics. Individuals arethen seen by observers as the output of a filter that emphasizes a certain range of high or lowfrequencies. The selection of the filter depends on the social distance between the observingindividual or group and the person being observed as well as on motivation, cognitive resourcesand cultural background. Enhancing low- or high-frequency harmonics is not on equal footing, thelatter requiring supplementary energy. This mirrors a well-known property of signal processingfilters. More generally, in the light of this correspondence, we show that several established resultsof social cognition admit a natural interpretation and integration in the signal processinglanguage. While the potential of this connection between an area of social psychology and one ofinformation engineering appears considerable (compression, information retrieval, filtering,feedback, feedforward, sampling, aliasing, etc.), in this paper we shall limit ourselves to layingdown what we consider the pillars of this bridge on which future research may be founded.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN AN ORGANIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE INDIVIDUAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Dana Mesner Andolšek ◽  
Stanislav Andolšek
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Exchange Theory ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Perspective

Authors introduce a theoretical model of knowledge sharing in an organization through individual perspective. The social exchange theory offers a clarification of fundamental assumptions regarding individual action and is therefore appropriate for explaining why and when an individual is ready to share her/his knowledge in an organization. The article aims to reveal what shapes employees’ decisions to share knowledge in a work situation and what is needed in an organization to facilitate individuals to share and not to hoard their knowledge. These assumptions have never been included in the literature of knowledge management up until now. 

The Dialectic of the Individual and the Collective

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Holmstrom ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Egalitarian Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Social Collective ◽  
Individual Perspective

Instead of understanding property and rationality individualistically as in capitalism, the ecological crisis makes it imperative that we change the priority to the social/collective point of view. Public goods/commonstock should be the default, and private property should have to be justified. Rationality should be understood not primarily from an individual perspective, but from a social/collective point of view. This does not entail the sacrifice of individual rights and freedom to the collective, but rather the synthesis of the two. Planning and freedom coincide if the planning is democratic, which can only happen in a more egalitarian society.

Exploring antecedents of social media usage in B2B: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pascucci ◽  
Chiara Ancillai ◽  
Silvio Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interest In Research

PurposeThis paper aims to review the state-of-the-art literature on social media adoption in business-to-business (B2B) contexts to propose an inclusive and theoretical viewpoint to understand the antecedents of this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the results of a systematic literature review. For this purpose, 29 studies published in academic journals, books and conference papers in the field of marketing and management from 2001 to 2017 were analysed.FindingsThe results show that the number of studies has increased in the past five years. Three different groups of antecedents are identified by considering the nature of these factors (personal, organisational and external) and analysed at two different levels of adoption: individual and firm/function. Managerial implications and future research insights are provided.Research limitations/implicationsThis research area deserves much more attention, both theoretical and empirical, to analyse the existing classifications and develop new categories of antecedents of social media adoption in B2B. Further studies are needed on the individual level of adoption, on new skills and capabilities required to use social media as well as on the social factors influencing usage.Practical implicationsThe literature review allows to understand the role of personal, organisational and social antecedents and suggest ways to improve the level and quality of adoption.Originality/valueDespite a considerable interest in research on social media, this paper provides the first complete framework in the new field of study concerning social media adoption in B2B.

Business Models of Sustainable Open Educational Resources (OER)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shouhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Faculty Member ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

This article conceptualizes four business models for sustainable open education resources (OER) at four levels: the social level, the education institutional level, the OER community level, and the individual faculty member level. The business model at each of the four levels has its application realm. At the social level, social benefits of OER are the central motivation of the OER movement. At the institutional level, education institutions are facing challenges of student enrollment increase. At the OER community operational level, communities of practice must be established. At the individual faculty member level, the key players of OER must take effective actions for OER. Sustainable OER can be achieved only when the stakeholders at the four levels collaborate towards the common objective of sustainable value creation. The comprehensive set of business models can be used for all parties involved in OER to define and implement strategies for sustainable OER. The article also provides recommendations for future research into tests of the conceptualized business models for sustainable OER.

The embodiment of social capital at individual and communal levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 812-830
Author(s):  
Anson Au
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamics Of Action

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the study of social capital focused on the level at which it is embodied, cross-comparing two prominent camps that have emerged in the social capital literature: a communal level and an individual level. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the intersections and departures between communal level and individual level conceptualizations of social capital according to the social dynamics of action within social exchanges that they stimulate, the processes by which social capital is activated/mobilized and the rewards they yield, and their linkages to inequality through network diversity. Findings This paper articulates new directions for future research in social capital: more analytical precision for studying returns to social capital; more efforts to transcend the individual-communal divide; the depreciation of social capital or tie decay; and recognizing the importance of ties whose value does not come from the ability to provide instrumental gain, but just from their very existence. Originality/value Social capital has informed many influential agendas in the social sciences, but the sheer volume of which has largely gone unscoped. This paper reviews this literature to provide an accessible introduction to social capital, organized by social processes foundational to sociology and a novel contribution to the literature by articulating new directions for future research in the area.

Trends and changes in the International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador Duran-Sanchez ◽  
José Alvarez García ◽  
María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama ◽  
Vanessa Ratten
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Social Science Citation Index ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Potential

Purpose The International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research is amongst the most prestigious entrepreneurship journals and rapidly gaining ascendancy as a premier journal. It is a relatively young journal being 24 years old and in 2018 achieved inclusion on the Social Science Citation Index. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of the journal from birth to its current trends in order to project future potential research trends. This will enable an understanding of potential future research topics that will be influential in the entrepreneurship research field. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis is conducted using the Scopus database to analyse the most cited articles, authors, institutions, country of origin and topic of article. This analysis is done with the view to analysing the changes that have occurred and the topics that are emerging in the journal. Findings Whilst initially a journal focussed more on European entrepreneurship research, there has been an increased internationalisation of the topics and countries represented in the journal. In addition, initially the focus was more on small business but this has widened to include more diverse topics related to entrepreneurship such as learning. Originality/value As evident in the bibliometric analysis and growth of citations, this journal has published innovative and path breaking studies that impact other journals. Thus, it is important to analyse how the journal has grown and what the future holds.

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