Gluten-Free Snacks Using Plantain-Chickpea and Maize Blend: Chemical Composition, Starch Digestibility, and Predicted Glycemic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. C961-C966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela C. Flores-Silva ◽  
Sandra L. Rodriguez-Ambriz ◽  
Luis A. Bello-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Gluten Free

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Glycemic Index of Gluten-Free Bread Commercialized in Brazil

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Bernardo Romão ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
Ernandes Rodrigues Alencar ◽  
Vera Sônia Nunes da Silva ◽  
Maria Teresa Bertoldo Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Glycemic Index

Nowadays, the world is experiencing an increased demand for gluten-free products associated with the high prevalence of gluten-related disorders (GRD). As this market thrives, bread stands out as the most demanded and consumed product, highlighting the need to evaluate its nutritional quality. In this sense, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the ingredients, chemical composition, and glycemic index of gluten-free bread (GFB) commercialized nationwide in Brazil. The labels were analyzed according to their ingredients and composition. In addition, centesimal composition analysis (moisture, carbohydrates, protein, ash, lipid, and fiber) was performed using the official methods, as well as the in vivo glycemic index. Significant differences between manufacturing lots of each brand and between different gluten-free bread samples were found. There is a mismatch from what is stipulated by the Brazilian legislation between analytical data and the data described on sample labels. Samples showed predominantly refined starch and high glycemic index profile. Most samples (75%, n = 6) of the non-whole gluten-free bread (n = 8) presented high glycemic index (GI). From four whole food/multigrain gluten-free bread samples, three of them (75%) presented medium GI. However, two samples presented GI near the value to be considered high. The results suggest a lack of production control, impairing the gluten-free nutritional label as a reliable information source and tool for dietary control. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the process of gluten-free bread production and labeling, as well as to improve the nutritional characteristics of these products, aiming the give accurate information to consumers and provide a healthier product beyond the sensory characteristics.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Starch Digestibility of Different Gluten-free Breads

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Estela Matos Segura ◽  
Cristina M. Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Gluten Free

scholarly journals Effect of Different Fermentation Condition on Estimated Glycemic Index, In Vitro Starch Digestibility, and Textural and Sensory Properties of Sourdough Bread

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Hilal Demirkesen-Bicak ◽  
Muhammet Arici ◽  
Mustafa Yaman ◽  
Salih Karasu ◽  
Osman Sagdic
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Sourdough Bread ◽  
Estimated Glycemic Index

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sourdough fermentation on the estimated glycemic index (eGI), in vitro starch digestibility, and textural and sensory properties of eight experimentally prepared sourdough breads. Wheat and whole wheat flour bread samples were produced under different fermentation conditions (25 °C and 30 °C) and fermentation methods (type-1 and type-2). In type-1 fermentation, sourdough was obtained via spontaneous fermentation. Indigenous strains (Lactobacillus brevis ELB99, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ELB75, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae TGM55) were used for type-2 fermentation. Fermentation type and temperature significantly affected eGI, the hydrolysis index (HI), the starch fraction, and the textural properties of the samples (p < 0.05). The resistant starch (RS) content increased after fermentation, while rapidly digestible starch (RDS), HI, and eGI decreased. RS values were significantly higher in type-2 than in type-1 at the same temperature for both flour types (p < 0.05). At 25 °C, RS values were higher in both fermentation types. In the white flour samples, eGI values were in the range of 60.8–78.94 and 62.10–78.94 for type-1 and type-2, respectively. The effect of fermentation type on eGI was insignificant (p < 0.05). In the whole flour samples, fermentation type and temperature significantly affected eGI (p < 0.05). The greatest eGI decreases were in whole wheat sourdough bread at 30 °C using type-2 (29.74%). The 30 °C and type-2 samples showed lower hardness and higher specific volume. This study suggests that fermentation type and temperature could affect the eGI and the textural and sensory properties of sourdough bread, and these factors should be considered during bread production. The findings also support the consumption of wheat and whole wheat breads produced by type-2 fermentation due to higher RS and slowly digestible starch (SDS) and lower RDS and eGI values.

scholarly journals Glycemic Index of Gluten-Free Bread and Their Main Ingredients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Bernardo Romão ◽  
Ana Luísa Falcomer ◽  
Gabriela Palos ◽  
Sandra Cavalcante ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Glycemic Profile

This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the glycemic index (GI) of gluten-free bread (GFB) and its main ingredients. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, using seven electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, gray literature research with Google Scholar, and patents with Google Patent tool), from inception to November 2020. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria evaluating 132 GFB samples. Five articles tested GI in vivo, eleven in vitro; and two studies tested both methods. The analysis showed that 60.7% (95% CI: 40.2–78.1%) of the samples presented high glycemic indexes, evidencing a high glycemic profile for GFB. Only 18.2% (95% CI: 11.7–27.2%) of the bread samples presented in the studies were classified as a low GI. Meta-analysis presented moderate/low heterogenicity between studies (I2 = 61% and <1% for both high and low GIs) and reinforced the proportion of high GIs. Lower GIs were found in formulations based on Colocasia esculenta flour or enriched with fiber, yogurt and curd cheese, sourdough, psyllium, hydrocolloids, enzymes, fructans, and resistant starch, highlighting the efficacy of these ingredients to lower GFBs’ GI. GFB tends to present high GI, impacting the development of chronic diseases when consumed.

Formulation and evaluation of gluten-free cookies from rice and green banana flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 720-726
Author(s):  
Maria Yarla parente ◽  
FABIANA LINHARES ◽  
RENATA ALBUQUERQUE COSTA ◽  
MÁRCIA FACUNDO ARAGÃO
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Banana Flour ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Green Banana

Celiac disease (CD) is defined as an autoimmune pathology mediated by specific antibodies and is associated with genetic factors, which causes an inflammatory process of the intestinal mucosa in response to gluten ingestion. A study was conducted to evaluate some gluten-free cookie formulations using rice and green banana flour as raw material, and to evaluate the acceptance and chemical composition of the cookies elaborated. Three different cookie formulations were prepared to contain 100% rice flour, 50% rice flour and 50% green banana flour and 100% green banana flour. The following sensory attributes were evaluated: crispness, flavor, and overall impression, using the 9-point hedonic scale and purchase intention using the 5-point structured scale, to check the acceptance of cookies. The chemical composition of the formulation most accepted by sensory analysis was quantified. Sensory evaluation showed that all cookie formulations were accepted; however, the increase of the green banana flour content has resulted in lower acceptance, which may be due to the slightly bitter flavor that green banana flour gives the product. The most accepted cookie formulation had 15.78% protein, 0.80% ash, 4.31% moisture content, 12.35% lipid, and 66.77% carbohydrate. These nutritional characteristics are following Brazilian legislation. Therefore, all cookie formulations have marketing potential, which is very important, especially for people with gluten sensitivity.

scholarly journals Influence of Brazilian pine seed flour addition on rheological, chemical and sensory properties of gluten-free rice flour cakes

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Ikeda ◽  
Carlos Wanderlei Piler Carvalho ◽  
Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo ◽  
Rossana Catie Bueno de Gogoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Sensory Acceptance ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Flour Sample ◽  
Paste Viscosity

ABSTRACT: Brazilian pine seeds (pinhão) are gluten-free seeds produced by the native pine species named Araucaria angustifolia. In this study, gluten-free cake mixes composed of Brazilian pine seed flour and rice flour were developed. The cake mixes were produced following a Simplex Centroid experimental design, with rice flour and Brazilian pine seed flour contents ranging from 50 to 100% and from 0 to 50%, respectively. Mixes were analyzed for chemical composition, apparent paste viscosity, and particle size distribution. The resulting cakes were analyzed for sensory acceptance, texture, specific volume and chemical composition. The Brazilian pine seed flour showed a peak viscosity on heating of 1.761Pa.s against 4.747Pa.s for the 100% rice flour sample. The variation of firmness of cakes decreased with increasing percentage of Brazilian pine seed flour. Cakes containing Brazilian pine seed flour at 25-37.5% of the formulation presented highest overall acceptance.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of whole grains flour chemical composition of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and chia (Salvia hispanica)

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
S. Tretiakova ◽  
V. Voitovska ◽  
Y. Yevchuk ◽  
L. Kononenko
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Sorghum Flour

The article highlights a complex of studies and a comparative assessment of flour of various varieties and hybrids of chia and sorghum. It was found that, in terms of their chemical composition, these crops are advisable to use as raw materials for the production of gluten free products. To live a full life, people with celiac disease must constantly consume gluten-free foods. Rice, buckwheat, millet, corn are considered safe, and amaranth, quinoa, sago, Setaria italica, sorghum are also less common in Ukraine. To obtain high-quality gluten-free products, it is important to choose the right raw materials and their ratio in chemical composition. Therefore, it is advisable to study and compare the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour. The aim of the research was to study and compare the chemical composition of whole grain sorghum flour versus chia for use in the food industry as a source of gluten-free nutrition. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2017–2019 in the hybrids of grain sorghum of Ukrainian (Lan 59), French (Targga) and American (Prime) selection and Spanish sage (chia) (Salvia hispanica) varieties: Salba, Tzotzol, Iztac. Whole grain sorghum and chia flours were obtained from their grains and various chemical constituents were determined. Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of sorghum and chia flour allows us to note that, on average, the protein content in sorghum was in the range from 9.53 to 10.6 g, in chia varieties from 14.98 to 16.52 g, which is on average five, 8 g more. The data on the determination of fats show that in the hybrid of sorghum of Ukrainian selection, this indicator was 2.8 g, French 1.24 g, and American – 3.3 g, as for chia, this indicator is much higher and varies by varieties from 30, 12 to 30.71 g. Starch is the main component of flour and in sorghum; its mass fraction is more in the Prime hybrid 63.7 g, Lan 59 – 63.1 g and the smallest amount in Targga – 62.7 g. It has been determined that grain sorghum and chia flour has a high content of B vitamins, which act as coenzymes of a number of metabolic processes. In addition to the vitamins listed above, sorghum flour contains vitamins B9, B5, B6 as well. Chia varieties have high levels of micro- and microelements. Key words: flour, vitamins, microelements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, celiac disease, sorghum, chia.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Glycemic Index of Amaranth and Other Gluten-Free Products

2019 ◽  
pp. 629-634
Author(s):  
Sergey Urubkov ◽  
Svetlana Khovanskaya ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Gluten Intolerance ◽  
Amaranth Grain ◽  
Amaranth Flour

Introduction. For patients with gluten intolerance, diet therapy is the main method of treatment. However, gluten-free diets are found lacking in many important components. Children that fail to consume neccessary nutrients or have problems with their absorption tend to be physically retarded. Gluten-free diet may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, especially type I diabetes. Therefore, products for children with celiac diseases should be both gluten-free and have adequate bioavailability of carbohydrates. This article features the chemical composition of amaranth, the geometric structure of starch grains, and its effect on the formation of colloidal solutions. It also compares the glycemic index (GI) of amaranth with other gluten-free grains, i.e. rice, buckwheat, and corn. Study objects and methods. The research featured native amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) (Mexico), puffed amaranth kernels (Mexico), and coarse granular amaranth flour (Mexico). Results and discussion. Amaranth grain contains 12.5–23% of protein, 50.7–77.0% of carbohydrates, 6.0–8.0% of lipids, 10.5–18.3% of dietary fiber, and 2.5–3.5% of minerals. The GI of amaranth and its products were compared with similar values of other glutenfree crops, namely rice, buckwheat, and corn. Amaranth grain and its products demonstrated a higher GI, if compared with other gluten-free grain raw materials. The GI of amaranth grain was 87, the GI of the puffed amaranth kernels was 101, and the GI of the coarse granular amaranth flour was 97. Amaranth starch is easy to digest, which is mainly due to the high content of amylopectin (88 to 98%), since amylopectin breaks down faster than amylose. The relatively small size of starch granules (1.5–3.0 microns) increases the attack capacity of enzymes. These properties make amaranth starch glycemic, or low-resistant, which means that amaranth is easily digested and possesses stability to retrogradation. Conclusion. The unique nutritional and functional properties of amaranth gluten-free products can significantly improve the diet of children with gluten intolerance. However, amaranth starch and its products have a high GI. Hence, it is necessary to control the percentage of these components in formulations and be careful with the selection of additional components and their impact on the total GI.

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