Grey matter brain injuries are common in Ugandan children with cerebral palsy suggesting a perinatal aetiology in full-term infants

With the wide use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in clinical practice, more attention is paid to corpus callosum hypoplasia in children with various central nervous system diseases, including the cerebral palsy. We compared the areas of corpus callosum segments on the mid-sagittal MR images of the children with cerebral palsy and a control group; full-term infants and preterm infants. During the postnatal development, overall callosum area naturally increases, but single segments change differently in both absolute and relative values. In the control group, the relative area of the splenium grew insignificantly, whereas for the genu, it was stable. Children with cerebral palsy also show age-specific growth, but the area of corpus callosum is smaller compared with equal age children in the control group. We found an increased relative area of corpus callosum genu and a decrease of anterior body and splenium in the cerebral palsy group compared with the control group. The kCC index shows higher values in the control group than in any age subgroup of children with cerebral palsy. Mean values for the control group steadily increase with age, whereas in the cerebral palsy group, they remain the same. For every age-specific group, the difference of kCC was statistically significant. Mean kCC index values depend on gestational age and are statistically lower in preterm infants compared with full-term infants. Selective corpus callosum hypoplasia found in the current research could be due to Wallerian degeneration or a decreased number of axons in some of its segments. This could be explained by the disruption of neurogenesis in certain cortical areas. The morphometric index kCC can be used to detect deviations in the corpus callosum structure associated with prematurity and cerebral palsy.

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Problems During Delivery as an Etiology of Cerebral Palsy in Full-Term Infants

Cerebral Palsy ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-74558-9_6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Patrick Philpot ◽

Jay Greenspan ◽

Zubair H. Aghai

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants

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Risk of hospital-treated injury in children with cerebral palsy: a population-based cohort study

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 310-314

Author(s):

Laura Määttänen ◽

Liisi Ripatti ◽

Päivi Rautava ◽

Mari Koivisto ◽

Leena Haataja

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Population Based ◽

Finnish Population ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Type Of Injury

AimTo study whether cerebral palsy (CP) increases the risk of hospital-treated injuries in children up to 13 years of age.MethodsA Finnish population-based cohort (n=328 903) of children born during 2001 to 2006 was followed up for hospital-treated injuries until the end of 2014 via linkage of nation-wide registers. The rate of first injury was compared in children with and without CP. The effect of CP type, gender, severe comorbidities (intellectual disability, epilepsy, hearing or visual impairment), and the type of injury was evaluated.ResultsChildren with CP had an increased risk of injury compared with children without CP (unadjusted HR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0 – 1.4, p=0.40). Girls with CP (n = 191) had a higher risk of injury compared with girls without CP (29% vs 22%, HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.8, p = 0.01). Any comorbidity increased the risk of injury (HR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.2, p = 0.015) among children with CP. Children with CP had a higher risk of traumatic brain injury (HR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4, p = 0.002) than children without CP.ConclusionGirls with CP had the highest risk of hospital-treated injury. Children with CP are particularly prone to traumatic brain injuries.

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Collaborative Virtual Learning for Assisting Children with Cerebral Palsy

Assistive and Augmentive Communication for the Disabled ◽

10.4018/978-1-60960-541-4.ch005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 127-158

Author(s):

Nia Valeria ◽

Marlene Valerie Lu ◽

Lau Bee Theng

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Speech Impairments ◽

Human Beings ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Innate Ability

Communication through speech is a vital skill, an innate ability in most human beings intended to convey thoughts, needs, and it is the very foundation of literacy. However, some people find it as one of the challenges in their lives, particularly children with Cerebral Palsy. Children with such disability suffer from brain injuries before, during, and after birth that evidently affect their motor, cognitive, and linguistic skills. Some of the additional complexities may also cause hearing, visual, and speech impairments that further decrease their learning abilities. Their development milestones in learning is slower than a typical child, thus they require intensive personal drilling. It is believed that the cognitive skills in these children can be improved to enable them to lead a more productive life. That was an antecedent that strongly motivated us to develop the proposed Virtual Collaborative Learning Tool. It aims to assist the learning ability of the targeted children through a responsive avatar of their parents, teachers, or caretakers. A preliminary study was conducted on voluntary participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed learning model. The results showed 80% of the participants were able to answer questions provided within the program.

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Differences in walking attainment ages between low-risk preterm and healthy full-term infants

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2012000800007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 593-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana P. Restiffe ◽

José Luiz D. Gherpelli

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Motor Development ◽

Full Term ◽

Term Infants ◽

Gross Motor ◽

Gross Motor Development ◽

Predictive Variables

OBJECTIVE: To compare gross motor development of preterm infants (PT) without cerebral palsy with healthy full-term (FT) infants, according to Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); to compare the age of walking between PT and FT; and whether the age of walking in PT is affected by neonatal variables. METHODS: Prospective study compared monthly 101 PT and 52 FT, from the first visit, until all AIMS items had been observed. Results: Mean scores were similarity in their progression, except from the eighth to tenth months. FT infants were faster in walking attainment than PT. Birth weight and length and duration of neonatal nursery stay were related to walking delay. CONCLUSION: Gross motor development between PT and FT were similar, except from the eighth to tenth months of age. PT walked later than FT infants and predictive variables were birth weight and length, and duration of neonatal intensive unit stay.

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Collaborative Virtual Learning for Assisting Children with Cerebral Palsy

Assistive Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4422-9.ch040 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 786-810

Author(s):

Nia Valeria ◽

Marlene Valerie Lu ◽

Lau Bee Theng

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Speech Impairments ◽

Human Beings ◽

Learning Abilities ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Innate Ability

Communication through speech is a vital skill, an innate ability in most human beings intended to convey thoughts, needs, and it is the very foundation of literacy. However, some people find it as one of the challenges in their lives, particularly children with Cerebral Palsy. Children with such disability suffer from brain injuries before, during, and after birth that evidently affect their motor, cognitive, and linguistic skills. Some of the additional complexities may also cause hearing, visual, and speech impairments that further decrease their learning abilities. Their development milestones in learning is slower than a typical child, thus they require intensive personal drilling. It is believed that the cognitive skills in these children can be improved to enable them to lead a more productive life. That was an antecedent that strongly motivated us to develop the proposed Virtual Collaborative Learning Tool. It aims to assist the learning ability of the targeted children through a responsive avatar of their parents, teachers, or caretakers. A preliminary study was conducted on voluntary participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed learning model. The results showed 80% of the participants were able to answer questions provided within the program.

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Indications for oral hygiene in sick children with cerebral palsy

International Journal on Integrated Education ◽

10.31149/ijie.v3i6.396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Yo. K. Eronov

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

First Year ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Sick Children ◽

Serious Disease ◽

First Year Of Life

Cerebral palsy, one of the diseases of the central nervous system, is a serious disease that is caused by various brain injuries during the first year of life: before, inside and after childbirth. Patients with cerebral palsy lag behind in physical and mental development, and due to their inability to help themselves, this causes not only medical, but also social problems. Proper dental care for sick children with cerebral palsy is one of the measures to prevent diseases of the oral mucosa and its complications

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Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain and Cerebellum in Children with Cerebral Palsy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5961928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Piotr Kułak ◽

Elżbieta Maciorkowska ◽

Elżbieta Gościk

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Total Brain ◽

Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽

Positive Correlations

Introduction. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are rarely used in the diagnosis of patients with cerebral palsy. The aim of present study was to assess the relationships between the volumetric MRI and clinical findings in children with cerebral palsy compared to control subjects.Materials and Methods. Eighty-two children with cerebral palsy and 90 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were collected.Results. The dominant changes identified on MRI scans in children with cerebral palsy were periventricular leukomalacia (42%) and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (21%). The total brain and cerebellum volumes in children with cerebral palsy were significantly reduced in comparison to controls. Significant grey matter volume reduction was found in the total brain in children with cerebral palsy compared with the control subjects. Positive correlations between the age of the children of both groups and the grey matter volumes in the total brain were found. Negative relationship between width of third ventricle and speech development was found in the patients. Positive correlations were noted between the ventricles enlargement and motor dysfunction and mental retardation in children with cerebral palsy.Conclusions. By using the voxel-based morphometry, the total brain, cerebellum, and grey matter volumes were significantly reduced in children with cerebral palsy.

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