Current and Novel Diagnostics for Orthopedic Implant Biofilm Infections: A Review

Apmis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ronin ◽  
Jessica Boyer ◽  
Nathan Alban ◽  
Roman M. Natoli ◽  
Aaron Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Implant

Properties and Behaviour of an Orthopedic Implant

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Doina Drǎgulescu + ◽  
Camelia Demian ◽  
Lucian Rusu ◽  
Aurel Rǎduţǎ ◽  
Mihaela Pepescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthopedic Implant

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior and Osteogenic Activity of a Biodegradable Orthopedic Implant Mg–Si Alloy with a Gradient Structure

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Weiyan Jiang ◽  
Wenzhou Yu
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Gradient Structure ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Osteogenic Activity

A gradient Mg-8 wt % Si alloy, which was composed of the agglomerated Mg2Si crystals coating (GMS8-1) and the eutectic Mg–Si alloy matrix (GMS8-2), was designed for biodegradable orthopedic implant materials. The bio-corrosion behavior was evaluated by the electrochemical measurements and the immersion tests. The results show that a significant improvement of bio-corrosion resistance was achieved by using the gradient Mg–Si alloy, as compared with the traditional Mg-8 wt % Si alloy (MS8), which should be attributed to the compact and insoluble Mg2Si phase distributed on the surface of the material. Especially, GMS8-1 exhibits the highest polarization resistance of 1610 Ω, the lowest corrosion current density of 1.7 × 10−6 A.cm−2, and the slowest corrosion rate of 0.10 mm/year. In addition, GMS8-1 and GMS8-2 show better osteogenic activity than MS8, with no cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. This work provides a new way to design a gradient biodegradable Mg alloys with some certain biological functions.

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterization of hexadecyl acrylate cross-linked phase change microspheres

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Haoran Yun ◽  
Xingxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Fast Release

AbstractMicrospheres with phase change properties were fabricated by polymerization of hexadecyl acrylate (HA) and different cross-linking agents. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that, the samples that added cross-linking agents have a smooth surface and the latent heat of them is different. The experiments show that all of the cross-linked copolymer shells can be made into temperature controlled release microspheres. These materials can be potentially applied in the field of thermal energy storage. β-tricalcium phosphate was encapsulated in microspheres to obtain one with a fast release effect. It will effectively promote bone conduction when these microspheres were implanted into a bone defect. This microsphere can be used for orthopedic implant or coating of instrument in the future.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Coatings for Orthopedic Metallic Implants

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Muzamil Hussain ◽  
Syed Hasan Askari Rizvi ◽  
Naseem Abbas ◽  
Uzair Sajjad ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Shad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Orthopedic Applications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cocrmo Alloys

Titanium, stainless steel, and CoCrMo alloys are the most widely used biomaterials for orthopedic applications. The most common causes of orthopedic implant failure after implantation are infections, inflammatory response, least corrosion resistance, mismatch in elastic modulus, stress shielding, and excessive wear. To address the problems associated with implant materials, different modifications related to design, materials, and surface have been developed. Among the different methods, coating is an effective method to improve the performance of implant materials. In this article, a comprehensive review of recent studies has been carried out to summarize the impact of coating materials on metallic implants. The antibacterial characteristics, biodegradability, biocompatibility, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties for performance evaluation are briefly summarized. Different effective coating techniques, coating materials, and additives have been summarized. The results are useful to produce the coating with optimized properties.

Calcium phosphate/polyvinyl acetate coatings on SS304 via galvanic co-deposition for orthopedic implant applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 126771
Author(s):  
I. Mendolia ◽  
C. Zanca ◽  
F. Ganci ◽  
G. Conoscenti ◽  
F. Carfì Pavia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Orthopedic Implant

A novel multiphase anodic spark deposition coating for the improvement of orthopedic implant osseointegration: An experimental study in cortical bone of sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 85A (4) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Giavaresi ◽  
Milena Fini ◽  
Roberto Chiesa ◽  
Carmen Giordano ◽  
Enrico Sandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Orthopedic Implant

Nano-Surface Modification on Titanium Implants for Drug Delivery

2007 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yao ◽  
Thomas J Webster
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Release Behavior ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Drug Release Behavior

ABSTRACTThe surface layer of titanium implants, i.e. titanium dioxide, is responsible for the inertness of titanium-based implants within the human body. However, their cytocompatibility properties and long-term efficacy are limited without further surface engineering since the average functional lifetime of an orthopedic implant is only 10 to 15 years. In this study, an electrochemical method known as anodization was used to create titania nanotubular structures on titanium implant surfaces. These nanotubes were about 60 nm wide (inner diameter) and 200 nm deep. In vitro studies found that anodized surfaces consisting of titania nanotube arrays were favored by bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) compared to unanodized surfaces. These titania nano-tubular structures were utilized here as novel drug release delivery systems. It is proposed that the system designed here can have multi-functional drug release to inhibit infection and wound inflammation while increasing new bone formation. For this purpose, antibiotic drugs (penicillin and streptomycin) were loaded into these nanotubular structures by physical adsorption. To mediate interactions between drug molecules and nanotube walls, anodized titanium nanotubes were modified by silanization to possess amine or methyl groups on their surface instead of −OH groups. Results showed increased hydrophobicity of chemically modified titania nanotubes (methyl > amine > hydroxyl terminated surface). These drug loaded substrates were soaked in phosphate buffered solution in a simulated body environment to determine drug release behavior. Buffer solutions were collected and replaced every day. The eluted drug amounts were measured spectroscopically. Results showed more antibiotic penicillin and streptomycin released from chemically modified nanotubes compared to unanodized titanium substrates; specifically, titania anodized nanotubes functionalized with −OH groups did quite well. In this manner, this study advances titanium currently used in orthopedics to possess drug release behavior which can improve orthopedic implant efficacy.

Novel Anti-Cancer, Anti-Bacterial Coatings for Biomaterial Applications: Selenium Nanoclusters

2009 ◽  
Vol 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong Anh Tran ◽  
Erik Taylor ◽  
Love Sarin ◽  
Robert H. Hurt ◽  
Thomas J Webster
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cells ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Anti Cancer

AbstractTwo common problems with implantation after cancerous tumor resection are cancer recurrence and bacteria infection at the implant site. Tumor resection surgery sometimes can not remove all the cancerous cells, thus, cancer can return after implantation. In addition, bacteria infection is one of the leading causes of implant failure. Therefore, it is desirable to have anti-cancer and anti-bacterial molecules which both rapidly (for anti-infection purposes) and continuously (for anti-cancer purposes) are available at the implant site following implantation. Therefore, the objective of the present in vitro study was to create a multi-functional coating for anti-cancer and anti-bacterial orthopedic implant applications. Elemental selenium was chosen as the biologically active agent in this effort because of its known chemopreventive and anti-bacterial properties. To achieve that objective, titanium (Ti), a conventional orthopedic implant material was coated with selenium (Se) nanoclusters. Different coating densities were achieved by varying Se concentration in the reaction mixture. Titanium substrates coated with Se nanoclusters were shown to enhance healthy osteoblast (bone-forming cell) and inhibit cancerous osteoblast proliferation in co-culture experiments. Functions of S. epidermidis (one of the leading bacteria that infect implants) were inhibited on Ti coated with Se-nanoclusters compared to uncoated materials. Thus, this study provided for the first time a coating material (selenium nanoclusters) to the biomaterials’ community to promote healthy bone cells’ functions, inhibit cancer growth and prevent bacteria infection.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM in Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Piotr Prochor ◽  
Żaneta Anna Mierzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Orthopedic Implant ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Layer ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

In recent years, scientists have defined two main paths for orthopedic implant fabrication: searching for new materials with properties closest to natural bone in order to reduce the stress-shielding effect or creating individually adapted geometry of the implant with the use and Rapid Prototyping methods. Therefore, materials such as PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V selective laser melting (SLM) are of interest. They are defined as materials suitable for implants, however, the knowledge of their bioactivity, a feature which is one of the most desirable properties of biomaterials, is still insufficient. Using Simulated Body Fluid and Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution, the bioactivity of PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM was assessed, as well as commercial Ti6Al4V as a reference material. Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared and immersed in solutions per period from 2 to 28 days at 37 °C. Optical analysis of the changes on the examined surfaces suggested that right after 2-day crystals with different morphologies were formed on each material. Further analysis of the chemical composition of the altered surfaces confirmed the formation of a calcium phosphate layer on them, however, the Ca/P ratio was slightly different from 1.67. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that both PEEK GRF30 and Ti6Al4V SLM are characterized by appropriate—comparable to Ti6Al4V—bioactivity.

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