Knockdown of zebrafish Nanog increases primordial germ cells during early embryonic development

The Green-legged Partridgelike fowl is a native, dual-purpose Polish chicken. The White Leghorn has been intensively selected for several decades to mainly improve reproductive traits. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) represent the germline stem cells in chickens and are the only cells that can transfer the information stored in the genetic material from generation to generation. The aim of the study was to carry out a transcriptomic and an epigenetic comparison of the White Leghorn and Green-legged Partridgelike gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) at three developmental stages: days 4.5, 8, and 12 of the embryonic development. RNA and DNA were isolated from collected gPGCs. The RNA was further subjected to microarray analysis. An epigenetic analysis was performed based on the global methylation analysis and qMSP method for the particular silenced genes demonstrated in transcriptomic analysis. Statistically significant differences between the gPGCs from both breeds were detected on the day 8 of embryonic development. Global methylation analysis showed significant changes at the methylation level in the White Leghorn gPGCs on day 8 of embryonic development. The results suggest faster development of Green-legged Partridgelike embryos as compared to White Leghorn embryos. Changes in the levels of gene expression during embryonic development are determined by genetic and environmental factors, and this variability is influenced by breed and gender.

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Memoirs: The Early Embryonic Development of Rhodnius Prolixus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s2-78.309.71 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol s2-78 (309) ◽

pp. 71-90

Author(s):

HELEN MELLANBY

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Early Development ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Rhodnius Prolixus ◽

Posterior Pole ◽

Early Embryonic Development ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Cent Relative Humidity

1. Eggs of Rhodnius prolixus were incubated at constant temperature and humidity (21° C. and 90 per cent, relative humidity). Eighty-five per cent, was the lowest record of the controls hatched successfully under these conditions. 2. The processes of maturation and fertilization were not studied. 3. Cleavage begins 12-13 hours after incubation. At 25 hours there are 32 nuclei. Yolk-cells are derived from cleavage nuclei, and they multiply by mitosis up to 50 hours. Blastoderm formation is complete after 55-60 hours of incubation. 4. The ventral embryonic rudiment is similar to that of many other insects. As soon as it is formed, germ-cells are budded off at the posterior pole of the egg. 5. The first stage in blastokinesis is fully described. 6. The formation of the mesoderm is by invagination and overgrowth. 7. The endoderm arises from two proliferating areas situated anteriorly and posteriorly. 8. Numerous cells are given off into the yolk during the early development of the embryo. There they disintegrate.

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Correction to Graphene Quantum Dots Alter Proliferation and Meiosis of Germ Cells Only in Genetic Females of Japanese Medaka during Early Embryonic Development

ACS Applied Bio Materials ◽

10.1021/acsabm.9b00365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 2294-2294

Author(s):

Sreelakshmi Krishnakumar ◽

Vinod Paul ◽

Ajish Ariyath ◽

Puthiyoth Dayanandan Anoop ◽

Sajini Sreekumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Early Embryonic Development ◽

Japanese Medaka

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The alkaline phosphatase activity of the tissues and the primordial germ cells during the embryonic development of the mouse

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00785187 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1271-1274

Author(s):

S. M. Tsiper

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Primordial Germ Cells

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Function of TGF-?2 in the growth of chicken primordial germ cells and germinal ridge stroma cells during embryonic development

Journal of Experimental Zoology ◽

10.1002/jez.a.20038 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 301A (4) ◽

pp. 290-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Fujioka ◽

Tomoki Soh ◽

Noboru Fujihara ◽

Masa-Aki Hattori

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Primordial Germ Cells

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NUP50 is necessary for the survival of primordial germ cells in mouse embryos

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-14-0649 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eunsook Park ◽

Bobae Lee ◽

Bruce E Clurman ◽

Keesook Lee

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Nuclear Pore Complex ◽

Essential Role ◽

Primordial Germ Cells ◽

Mouse Embryos ◽

Nuclear Pore ◽

Progressive Loss ◽

And Function ◽

Deficient Mice

Nucleoporin 50 kDa (NUP50), a component of the nuclear pore complex, is highly expressed in male germ cells, but its role in germ cells is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of NUP50 during the embryonic development of germ cells using NUP50-deficient mice. NUP50 was expressed in germ cells of both sexes at embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), E13.5, and E12.5. In addition, NUP50 expression was also detected in primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrating into the genital ridges at E9.5. The gonads of Nup50−/− embryos of both sexes contained few PGCs at both E11.5 and E12.5 and no developing germ cells at E15.5. The migratory PGCs in Nup50−/− embryos at E9.5 showed increased apoptosis but a normal rate of proliferation, resulting in the progressive loss of germ cells at later stages. Taken together, these results suggest that NUP50 plays an essential role in the survival of PGCs during embryonic development.

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Determination of production capacity of circulated primordial germ cells (circulated-PGCs) of KUB chicken using lysis buffer ammonium chloride potassium (ACK)

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i1.1315 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Soni Sopiyana ◽

Iman Supriatna ◽

M. Agus Setiadi ◽

Mohamad Fahrudin

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Ammonium Chloride ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Primordial Germ Cells ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Development Stage ◽

Simple Method ◽

Average Production ◽

Short Period ◽

Lysis Buffer

In poultry embryos, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are progenitor cells for gametes, which have unique migration pathway. Primordial germ cells arise from epiblast in germinal crescent and circulate through the bloodstream for a short period of time, then leave blood vessel to migrate toward gonads. The aim of this study was to determine the potential production capacity of circulated-PGCs of KUB chicken at different developmental stages of embryo using a rapid and simple method. Seventy five KUB chicken fertile eggs were divided into five groups and incubated at 38.5 0C with a humidity of 60%. Hatching was set to the embryonic development stage of 14-18. The blood was collected through dorsal aorta using micropipette under microscope. The collected blood was placed in a 1.5 ml eppendorf tube which was previously filled with 100 µl phosphate buffered saline without Ca2+ and Mg2+ (PBS-) mixed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) with a ratio of 90%:10%. The PGCs were purified using lysis buffer ammonium chloride potassium method. The results showed that average production of circulated-PGCs per embryo of KUB chicken were significantly affected by stage of embryonic development (P <0.05). The average production of circulated-PGCs at stage 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 were 37.9; 53.5; 49.8; 38.3; and 33.5 respectively. The number of circulated-PGCs was not different among stages 14, 17 nor 18. The highest number of circulated-PGCs of KUB chicken was obtained at stage 15, so that the isolation and collection of PGCs through the blood circulation was recommended in stage 15.Key Words: KUB Chicken, PGCs, Embryonic Development Stage, Ammonium Chloride Potassium

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Differentiation of primordial germ cells in the embryonic development of Thermobia domestica, Pack. (Thysanura): an ultrastructural study

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.38.1.93 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 93-114

Author(s):

Jerzy Klag

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Sex Differentiation ◽

Primordial Germ Cells ◽

Postembryonic Development ◽

Thermobia Domestica ◽

Dense Bodies ◽

Accessory Nuclei ◽

High Degree

The primordial germ cells (PGCs) of Thermobia domestica undergo some morphological changes during the embryonic development. Most conspicuous are the changes in the ultrastructure of the nucleus, whose envelope shows a high degree of activity. Two types of vesicles bleb off from the nucleus; the ones with the light interior are called the accessory nuclei, the others, with electron-opaque contents, have been termed the dense bodies. The nucleolus, initially clustered at the nucleus centre, undergoes dispersion and assembles again towards the end of embryonic development. At the same time, the sex differentiation of PGCs takes place. It is preceded by an increase in the activity of Golgi complexes and in the volume of lysosomes and lamellar bodies, the latter giving rise to lipid droplets. At the early stages of postembryonic development, preoogonia and prespermatogonia can readily be distinguished. Preoogonia have a wavy-surfaced nucleus and their cytoplasm contains dense bodies. In prespermatogonia, the nucleus is spherical with smooth envelope and there are no dense bodies in the cytoplasm. Throughout the period studied there occur nucleolus-like bodies and nuage material considered to be the germ-cell determinants in this species.

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