Comprehensive analysis of body composition and insulin traits associated with intra-pancreatic fat deposition in healthy individuals and people with new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis

Introduction: Ectopic fat deposition in the pancreas is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic sequelae following an attack of pancreatitis. However, its relationship with the exocrine pancreas has never been explored in this setting. The aim was to investigate the associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD), pancreas size, and pancreatic enzymes. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited individuals with a history of acute pancreatitis and healthy controls. All participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging, from which IPFD, total pancreas volume (TPV), and pancreas diameters (across the head, body, and tail) were measured independently by 2 raters in a blinded fashion. Circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and chymotrypsin were measured in a fasted state. A series of linear regression analyses was conducted, accounting for possible confounders. Results: A total of 108 individuals with pancreatitis and 60 healthy controls were studied. There was a statistically significant difference in IPFD (p < 0.001), but not in TPV (p = 0.389), between the groups. In the post-pancreatitis group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with pancreas tail diameter (β = −0.736, p = 0.036 in the most adjusted model). In the control group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with TPV (β = −3.557, p = 0.026 in the most adjusted model). Levels of pancreatic amylase were significantly directly associated with pancreas tail diameter in the post-pancreatitis group (β = 3.891, p = 0.042 in the most adjusted model), whereas levels of pancreatic lipase were significantly inversely associated with TPV in the control group (β = −10.533, p = 0.024 in the most adjusted model). Conclusion: Increased IPFD in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis is associated with reduced pancreas tail diameter, which is in turn associated with reduced circulating levels of pancreatic amylase. The relationship between IPFD and the exocrine pancreas warrants further investigations.

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Dietary carbohydrate intake and insulin traits in individuals after acute pancreatitis: Effect modification by intra-pancreatic fat deposition

Pancreatology ◽

10.1016/j.pan.2021.01.018 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juyeon Ko ◽

Wandia Kimita ◽

Loren Skudder-Hill ◽

Xinye Li ◽

Sunitha Priya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

Pancreatic Fat

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Intra-pancreatic fat deposition as a modifier of the relationship between habitual dietary fat intake and insulin resistance

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juyeon Ko ◽

Loren Skudder-Hill ◽

Conor Tarrant ◽

Wandia Kimita ◽

Sakina H. Bharmal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Pancreatic Fat ◽

The Relationship

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Body Composition Changes in Bulls from Weaning Age to Yearling Age: Muscle Fat Deposition

10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-485 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Gene H. Rouse ◽

Richard G. Tait ◽

M. Anderson ◽

Abebe Hassen

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Weaning Age ◽

Composition Changes

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Reduced Skeletal Muscle Volume and Increased Skeletal Muscle Fat Deposition Characterize Diabetes in Individuals after Pancreatitis: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases8030025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Andre E. Modesto ◽

Juyeon Ko ◽

Charlotte E. Stuart ◽

Sakina H. Bharmal ◽

Jaelim Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Psoas Muscle ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Muscle Volume ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Pancreatic Fat ◽

Adjusted Model

Background: Skeletal muscle has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes but it has never been investigated in diabetes after pancreatitis. The aim was to investigate the relationship between psoas muscle volume (PMV) and diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis, as well as its associations with ectopic fat phenotypes and insulin traits. Methods: Individuals after an attack of pancreatitis and healthy individuals were studied in a cross-sectional fashion. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, based on which PMV, skeletal muscle fat deposition (SMFD), as well as liver and intra-pancreatic fat depositions were derived. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected to calculate indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, body composition, comorbidities, use of insulin, and others). Results: A total of 153 participants were studied. PMV was significantly decreased in the diabetes group compared with healthy controls (β = −30.0, p = 0.034 in the most adjusted model). SMFD was significantly inversely associated with PMV (β = −3.1, p < 0.001 in the most adjusted model). The Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity was significantly directly associated with PMV (β = 1.6, p = 0.010 in the most adjusted model). Conclusions: Diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis is characterized by reduced PMV. Reduced PMV is associated with increased SMFD and decreased insulin sensitivity in individuals after pancreatitis.

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Feeding forage or concentrates early in life influences rumen fermentation, metabolic response, immune function and growth of Wagyu × Friesian calves

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18636 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 1418

Author(s):

M. A. Khan ◽

V. T. Burggraaf ◽

B. Thomson ◽

P. Muir ◽

K. Lowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Composition ◽

Immune Function ◽

Early Life ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Beef Production ◽

Milk Feeding

Context Early life nutrition of calves influences their performance later in life. There is limited literature demonstrating the effects of rearing dairy calves in early life on milk with either exclusively forage or concentrate starter diets on metabolic and immune function and post-weaning growth and body composition on a pasture only diet. Aim This study evaluated the effects of feeding Wagyu × Holstein Friesian calves a forage starter (FS) or a concentrate starter (CS) for the first 14 weeks of rearing on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, immune function, growth and body composition to Week 41. Methods Group-housed calves (Wagyu × Friesian, 10 calves per group, three groups per treatment) were fed milk (2 L per calf twice daily) until Week 7, then transitioned to once a day milk feeding until weaning by Week 9, with ad libitum access to either FS or CS. All calves were transferred to graze ryegrass pastures a week after transitioning to once daily milk feeding, with starter feeds removed gradually by Week 14. Thereafter, calves were reared together on pasture until Week 41. Results Solid feed intake was lower in FS than CS calves during the first 7 weeks. Total short chain fatty acids were lower, but acetate to propionate ratio and rumen pH were higher in FS than CS calves at Week 7, with no differences observed at Week 12 or 30. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate an indicator of ketogenic ability of the rumen in developing calves was higher in FS vs CS calves at weaning. Further, FS calves had lower concentrations of circulating non-esterified fatty acids compared with CS calves at weaning. Compared with CS calves, FS calves grew slower for the first 14 weeks which was associated with lower plasma IGF-1 levels. However, FS calves had greater average daily gain after 14 weeks when on pasture and had similar plasma IGF-1 at 30 weeks and similar body weight and body composition (muscle and subcutaneous fat deposition) by Week 41 compared to CS calves. Conclusions These results indicate that offering a FS starter has better prepared calves for weaning onto pasture and potentially improved utilisation of forage post-weaning to achieve similar muscle and fat deposition and overall liveweight in both groups by 41 weeks. Implications Dairy beef calves can be successfully reared using forage as the only solid feed source without affecting their growth performance on pasture until 10 months of age. Rearing calves using forage will contribute to reducing the usage of concentrate feeds in pastoral dairy-beef production systems and provide an opportunity to fulfil the market requirements and standards for grain-free beef production.

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To Perform Thrombolysis or Not: A Case of Acute Pancreatitis Presenting with Chest Pain and Transient Left Bundle Branch Block

Case Reports in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2010/204547 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Ullah ◽

S. Mehmood ◽

H. A. Chatha ◽

A. Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Chest Pain ◽

Serum Amylase ◽

Suspected Case ◽

Ecg Changes ◽

Bundle Branch Block ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

New Onset

A suspected case of acute coronary syndrome presented with new-onset left bundle branch and first-degree heart blocks. The decision to thrombolyse was reverted as ECG changes proved to be transient within fifteen minutes of presentation. Later on the patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on laboratory results of serum amylase, confirmed on radiological investigations.

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