scholarly journals Associations between Intra-Pancreatic Fat Deposition, Pancreas Size, and Pancreatic Enzymes in Health and after an Attack of Acute Pancreatitis

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Juyeon Ko ◽  
Loren Skudder-Hill ◽  
Sunitha Priya ◽  
Wandia Kimita ◽  
Sakina H. Bharmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Circulating Levels

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Ectopic fat deposition in the pancreas is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic sequelae following an attack of pancreatitis. However, its relationship with the exocrine pancreas has never been explored in this setting. The aim was to investigate the associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD), pancreas size, and pancreatic enzymes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This cross-sectional study recruited individuals with a history of acute pancreatitis and healthy controls. All participants underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging, from which IPFD, total pancreas volume (TPV), and pancreas diameters (across the head, body, and tail) were measured independently by 2 raters in a blinded fashion. Circulating levels of pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and chymotrypsin were measured in a fasted state. A series of linear regression analyses was conducted, accounting for possible confounders. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 108 individuals with pancreatitis and 60 healthy controls were studied. There was a statistically significant difference in IPFD (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), but not in TPV (<i>p</i> = 0.389), between the groups. In the post-pancreatitis group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with pancreas tail diameter (β = −0.736, <i>p</i> = 0.036 in the most adjusted model). In the control group, IPFD was significantly inversely associated with TPV (β = −3.557, <i>p</i> = 0.026 in the most adjusted model). Levels of pancreatic amylase were significantly directly associated with pancreas tail diameter in the post-pancreatitis group (β = 3.891, <i>p</i> = 0.042 in the most adjusted model), whereas levels of pancreatic lipase were significantly inversely associated with TPV in the control group (β = −10.533, <i>p</i> = 0.024 in the most adjusted model). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Increased IPFD in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis is associated with reduced pancreas tail diameter, which is in turn associated with reduced circulating levels of pancreatic amylase. The relationship between IPFD and the exocrine pancreas warrants further investigations.

scholarly journals Reduced Skeletal Muscle Volume and Increased Skeletal Muscle Fat Deposition Characterize Diabetes in Individuals after Pancreatitis: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Diseases ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Andre E. Modesto ◽  
Juyeon Ko ◽  
Charlotte E. Stuart ◽  
Sakina H. Bharmal ◽  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Adjusted Model

Background: Skeletal muscle has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes but it has never been investigated in diabetes after pancreatitis. The aim was to investigate the relationship between psoas muscle volume (PMV) and diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis, as well as its associations with ectopic fat phenotypes and insulin traits. Methods: Individuals after an attack of pancreatitis and healthy individuals were studied in a cross-sectional fashion. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging, based on which PMV, skeletal muscle fat deposition (SMFD), as well as liver and intra-pancreatic fat depositions were derived. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected to calculate indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, body composition, comorbidities, use of insulin, and others). Results: A total of 153 participants were studied. PMV was significantly decreased in the diabetes group compared with healthy controls (β = −30.0, p = 0.034 in the most adjusted model). SMFD was significantly inversely associated with PMV (β = −3.1, p < 0.001 in the most adjusted model). The Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity was significantly directly associated with PMV (β = 1.6, p = 0.010 in the most adjusted model). Conclusions: Diabetes in individuals after pancreatitis is characterized by reduced PMV. Reduced PMV is associated with increased SMFD and decreased insulin sensitivity in individuals after pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Pathamorphological changes of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
L. Horalskyi ◽  
◽  
O. Kovalchuk ◽  
I. Sokulskyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Exocrine Pancreas ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Stromal Component

From among a great number of digestive system diseases in domestic animals there is pancreatitis which is caused by an early zymogenesis in the acinar cells. The problem of studying the structural organization of a pancreata in sick cats is topical because of a progressive spreading of pancreatitis in domestic animals. Thus, the purpose of the research was to study out the morphological changes of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis. Working with vertebrate animals we were guided by “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebtate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986). The results of the histological examination of cats pancreata under acute pancreatitis show some pathological changes both in endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Such changes were manifested in necrosis of exocrine pancreatitis as well as in spreading and swelling of acinar space, that testified to the infancy of an inflammatory process. Some dystrophic changes, followed by karyolysis, were found in the focus of tissue nicrosis. Pancreatocyte cytoplasm was cloudy, its basal and apical zones were obscure, clearly defined interstitial tissue swelling was found between the particles and unequal swelling was found inside the particles. Intercellular space was exaggerated. Morphometrically in a group of sick animals was detected an increase in specific weihgt of stromal component (р<0,05),which equalled 22,44±0,24 %, in a control group it equalled 17,78±0,15 %. Some hemorrhage and distrophicvally changed hormone- active cells as well as nonregular distribution of cells were detected under a histological examination of Langerhans islets. In most islets the cells had swelled vacuolar cytoplasm. While analyzing the morphometric indices it was stated that the cats exocrine pancreas under acute pancreatitis was 1.12 as large and occupied 48258,05±135,07 mkm2, (97,88±0,05 %). The cats endocrine pancreas under this pathology occupied 6858,85±315,05 mkm2, (2,12±0,05 %). In cats of a control group this index equalled 6784,71±285,04 mkm2 (1,95±0,06 %). The diameter of sick cats acinus as well as of Langerhans islets equalled respectively 31,85±0,05 and 71,81±2,45 mkm, which reliably (р<0,001) was 1.13 and 1.15 as large. In clinically healhty cats these indices are 28,12±0,11; 70,20±2,48 mkm.

Clinical Evaluation of a Pancreatic Lipase Mass Concentration Assay

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2310-2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
H E van Ingen ◽  
G T Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pancreatic Amylase ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Median Increase ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract An immunoactivation assay for determining pancreatic lipase mass concentration was clinically evaluated and compared with results obtained by measuring total amylase and pancreatic amylase activity. A group of 30 patients with pancreatitis was compared with a control group of 32 patients in which this disease was suspected but excluded. Both lipase mass concentration and pancreatic amylase activity exhibit good sensitivity (0.93 each) and specificity (0.94 and 0.97, respectively) at cutoff concentrations of 200 micrograms/L and 200 U/L, respectively. The median increase in lipase mass concentration (37.1 times the upper limit of the reference interval) in the pancreatitis group was higher than that for either total amylase or pancreatic amylase activity (5.94 and 14.5 times, respectively) but showed a similar time to peak value. We conclude that the lipase assay is the method of choice for diagnosing pancreatitis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Abdominal Fat Phenotypes and Insulin Resistance in Non-Obese Individuals after Acute Pancreatitis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyeon Ko ◽  
Loren Skudder-Hill ◽  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
Sakina H. Bharmal ◽  
Maxim S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Matsuda Index

Both type 2 prediabetes/diabetes (T2DM) and new-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis (NODAP) are characterized by impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin action. Although the outcomes of NODAP and T2DM are different, it is unknown whether drivers of insulin resistance are different in the two types of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the associations between abdominal fat phenotypes and indices of insulin sensitivity in non-obese individuals with NODAP, T2DM, and healthy controls. Indices of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), Raynaud index, triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, Matsuda index) were calculated in fasting and postprandial states. Fat phenotypes (intra-pancreatic fat, intra-hepatic fat, skeletal muscle fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat) were determined using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Linear regression and relative importance analyses were conducted. Age, sex, and glycated hemoglobin A1c were adjusted for. A total of 78 non-obese individuals (26 NODAP, 20 T2DM, and 32 healthy controls) were included. Intra-pancreatic fat was significantly associated with all the indices of insulin sensitivity in the NODAP group, consistently in both the unadjusted and adjusted models. Intra-pancreatic fat was not significantly associated with any index of insulin sensitivity in the T2DM and healthy controls groups. The variance in HOMA-IS was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 29%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 21%) in the T2DM group. The variance in the Raynaud index was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 18%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 15%) in the T2DM group. The variance in the TyG index was explained the most by visceral fat in both the NODAP group (R2 = 49%) and in the T2DM group (R2 = 25%). The variance in the Matsuda index was explained the most by intra-pancreatic fat (R2 = 48%) in the NODAP group and by visceral fat (R2 = 38%) in the T2DM group. The differing association between intra-pancreatic fat and insulin resistance can be used to differentiate NODAP from T2DM. Insulin resistance in NODAP appears to be predominantly driven by increased intra-pancreatic fat deposition.

scholarly journals Association between Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition and the Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio in the Fasted and Postprandial States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ngoc N. Nguyen ◽  
Ruma G. Singh ◽  
Maxim S. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Fat Volume

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The clinical relevance of excess intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is increasingly appreciated. Leptin and ghrelin are key players in the regulation of food intake, energy balance, and body fat mass. The aim was to investigate the associations of the leptin/ghrelin ratio and its components with IPFD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T scanner to quantify IPFD. Both fasting and postprandial blood samples were analyzed for leptin and acylated ghrelin. Linear regression analysis was conducted, accounting for visceral/subcutaneous fat volume ratio, glycated hemoglobin, and other covariates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 94 participants (32 women) with a median age of 56 (interquartile range 44–66) years were studied. Their median IPFD was 9.6% (interquartile range 8.8–10.4%). In the fasted state, the leptin/ghrelin ratio (β = 0.354; 95% confidence interval 0.044–0.663; <i>p</i> = 0.025, in the most adjusted model) and leptin (β = 0.040; 95% confidence interval 1.003–1.078; <i>p</i> = 0.035, in the most adjusted model) were significantly associated with IPFD. Ghrelin in the fasted state was not significantly associated with IPFD. In the postprandial state, the leptin/ghrelin ratio, leptin, and ghrelin were not significantly associated with IPFD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Fasting circulating levels of leptin are directly associated with IPFD. Purposely designed mechanistic studies are warranted to determine how high leptin may contribute to excess IPFD.

Associations between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and circulating levels of cytokines

Cytokine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruma G. Singh ◽  
Ngoc Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Aya Cervantes ◽  
Gisselle C. Alarcon Ramos ◽  
Jaelim Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Pancreatic Fat ◽  
Circulating Levels

A Common Thrombomodulin Amino Acid Dimorphism Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (02) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Norlund ◽  
Johan Holm ◽  
Bengt Zöller ◽  
Ann-Kristin Öhlin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction and haemostatic imbalance are believed to be important aetiological factors in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an integral membrane protein crucial for normal endothelial function and activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. We have investigated the importance of a common C/T dimorphism in the TM gene (nucleotide 1418) for development of premature myocardial infarction (MI). The C/T dimorphism predicts an Ala455 to Val replacement in the sixth EGF-like domain of TM. The dimorphism was investigated in 97 MI survivors and 159 healthy controls. The C allele was significantly more frequent among patients than controls (p = 0.035). The allele frequency for the C allele was 0.82 in the patients and 0.72 in the control group. The plasma concentration of TM was investigated among healthy controls but was not related to the C/T dimorphism. In conclusion, the association of the C allele with premature MI, suggests that the TM gene and the C/T dimorphism may be aetiological factors involved in the pathogenesis of MI. Possibly, the Ala455 to Val replacement may affect the function of the TM molecule and the activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.

COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE REGULATIES OF FAT DEPOSIT IN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF TRUNK OF YOUNG PIGS OF THE LARGE WHITE AND MYRGOROD BREEDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
I. V. Khatko ◽  
A. O. Onyshchenko ◽  
V. O. Vovk ◽  
T. M. Konks
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Parts

The modern state of social-economic processes development demands increasing the level of food safety of the state, especially providing population by the high quality foods of domestic production, specifically by pork. One of criteria for estimating pigs' meatness is determining the fat thickness in different points of a trunk. The informative content of measuring in different parts of a trunk is different and it needs detailed study. The fat thickness is the most common as trait for pigs' meatness in the practice of pig breeding because it has high correlation with meat yield in carcasses. The aim of our research was the comparative study of fat deposition regularities in different parts of a trunk of Large White and Mirgorod pigs in different age periods. For conducting researches 24 pigs of both breeds with average live weight about 40 kg and at age not more 4 months were selected. The fat thickness was measured at live animals using ultrasonic device Draminski in such points: on withers, the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and sacrum. Measuring the fat thickness was carried out at the age of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 months. During researches it was carried out the statistical processing of obtained material. Reliability of obtained indexes of productivity was determined. Regularities of formatting fat thickness and fat deposition rate depending on the age were studied. For the results of researches it has been studied and compared economically valuable traits of the most spread domestic pigs of Large White and Mirgorod breeds. By comparative study of growth and development of young pigs of experimental and control groups it has been found that animals of Large White breed differed by lesser fat deposits in all points of measuring. Thus, at 6-months’ age they had lesser thickness of fat in all parts of a trunk. More expressed tendency was at withers and the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, at that in the first case the difference between groups was reliable (p < 0.01). The fat deposition rate in young pigs of both breeds was not the same in different points of measuring along a trunk. Above mentioned tendencies were intensified with the age. Purebred animals of intrabreed type LW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers (p < 0.01), at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra (p < 0.05) and on sacrum (p < 0.01). In future, according to economic and scientific expediency, the animals of Mirgorod breed were excluded from the experiment. Concerning Large White breed, the researches were finished when animals were at 8 months’ age. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed. The highest relative rate of fat thickness increase in both breeds was observed at the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra. By statistical processing of the obtained materials it has been found that the difference of average arithmetical indexes (as absolute and relative) between the experimental and control groups during growth and development had distinct tendency to increasing in all points of measuring. The reliability of the difference between the averages in groups with the age of animals increased. A higher reliability of data was obtained at measuring of the front parts of a trunk of pigs at the level of the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra and on withers. The carried out researches at all points of measuring give the reason to confirm that the fat deposits of Large White pigs are less comparing to Mirgorod breed. Conclusions. 1. Carcasses of animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 are comparatively more technologically suitable and economically beneficial for agricultural proceeding industry. 2. Animals of intrabreed type ULW-1 at 7-months’ age had reliable less thickness of fat in comparison with the control group: on withers, at the level of the 6-7th thoracic vertebra, the level of the 1st-2nd loins vertebra and on sacrum. 3. The process of fat deposition in Large White pigs was less intensive in comparison to Mirgorod breed.

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