scholarly journals Annual variation in long-distance dispersal driven by breeding and non-breeding season climatic conditions in a migratory bird

Ecography ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark S. Rushing ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
Colin E. Studds ◽  
Peter P. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance

Abiotic pollination: an evolutionary escape for animal-pollinated angiosperms

1991 ◽  
Vol 333 (1267) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Phylogenetic Profiles ◽  
Abiotic Pollination ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Animal Pollination ◽  
Surprising Fact

Early botanists considered abiotic pollination to be primitive in angiosperms. But we now deduce from studies of palaeoecology and of extant ‘prim itive’ angiosperms that animal pollination was concom itant with the rise of the angiosperms. Recent studies of wind and w ater pollination in angiosperms also show these systems to be highly sophisticated. If entomophily contributed to the rise of the early angiosperms, why should many of their descendants have later evolved abiotic pollination systems? Although entomophily was initially advantageous to the early angiosperms, abiotic pollination systems may be superior in areas of low species diversity, newly colonized habitats, and places with extremely short growing seasons or other adverse climatic conditions. Abiotically pollinated plants are not constrained by the range of animal pollinators, and as a result are spectacularly successful in long-distance dispersal. Abiotic pollination also offers an escape from deleterious sexual selection and from dependency on pollinators that are climatically limited in their distribution in space or time and vulnerable to extinction. Because evolution of abiotic pollination frequently leads to dicliny or dichogamy, it is largely irreversible. This evolutionary irreversibility coupled with lowered rates of extinction and speciation give wind- or water-pollinated taxa unique phylogenetic profiles. As a large quantity of pollen is wasted by anemophilous plants, it is surprising that so many vigorous species of this kind abounding with individuals should still exist in any part of the w orld; for if they had been rendered entomophilous, their pollen would have been transported by the aid of the senses and appetites of insects with incomparably greater safety than by the w ind... It seems at first sight a still more surprising fact that plants, after having been once rendered entomophilous, should ever have again become anemophilous. (Darwin 1876, p. 407)

scholarly journals Non-breeding season events influence sexual selection in a long-distance migratory bird

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1662) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W Reudink ◽  
Peter P Marra ◽  
T. Kurt Kyser ◽  
Peter T Boag ◽  
Kathryn M Langin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
American Redstarts

The study of sexual selection has traditionally focused on events and behaviours immediately surrounding copulation. In this study, we examine whether carry-over effects from the non-breeding season can influence the process of sexual selection in a long-distance migratory bird, the American redstart ( Setophaga ruticilla ). Previous work on American redstarts demonstrated that overwintering in a high-quality habitat influences spring departure dates from the wintering grounds, advances arrival dates on the breeding grounds and increases apparent reproductive success. We show that the mixed-mating strategy of American redstarts compounds the benefits of overwintering in high-quality winter habitats. Males arriving to breed in Canada from high-quality winter habitats arrive earlier than males from poor-quality habitats, resulting in a lower probability of paternity loss, a higher probability of achieving polygyny and ultimately higher realized reproductive success. Such results suggest that the process of sexual selection may be influenced by events interacting throughout the annual cycle.

scholarly journals Climatic conditions for emergence and flight of mountain pine beetle: implications for long-distance dispersal

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huapeng Chen ◽  
Peter L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

A significant shift in the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) range has been attributed to long-distance dispersal from the observed spatiotemporal patterns of beetle infestations in the recent outbreak in western Canada. However, long-distance dispersal is still the least understood aspect of mountain pine beetle ecology. In particular, the mechanisms responsible for the three major phases of long-distance dispersal, the ascent, transport, and descent, are poorly known. In this study, we used the North American Regional Reanalysis meteorological data (1999–2010) to determine climate conditions under and above the forest canopy during mountain pine beetle emergence and flight at the landscape scale. We found that climate conditions are distinct during emergence and flight. They provide an ideal underlying environment to facilitate the potential long-distance dispersal. Climate conditions are unstable under the forest canopy during emergence, which would help loft beetles above the forest canopy to initiate long-distance dispersal. The first direct evidence from wind directions above the forest canopy suggests that atmospheric transportation of mountain pine beetle in the planetary boundary layer is aided by wind.

Cytotaxonomic observations on Villarsia (Menyanthaceae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ornduff
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
South African ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Australian Species

Chromosome counts for five species of Villarsia indicate that x = 9 for the genus. In Australia one species is diploid, two species are hexaploid, and one species has tetraploid and hexaploid races. The South African V. capensis is tetraploid. Seed size differences in V. reniformis are not correlated with differences in ploidy level. One Australian species and V. capensis are distylous and strongly self-incompatible. Two homostylous species in Australia are self-compatible, but V. albiflora is homostylous and self-incompatible. Villarsia capensis is morphologically variable, but seems closely related to eastern Australian species. The amphi-Indian Ocean distribution pattern exhibited by this genus is an unusual one, and it seems doubtful if it can be accounted for by long-distance dispersal. The present range was perhaps achieved at a time when continental positions and climatic conditions were more favourable for overland migration than they are at present.

Population genetic structure and long-distance dispersal of a recently expanding migratory bird

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raül Ramos ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Joan Navarro ◽  
Ruiying Zhang ◽  
Craig T. Symes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance
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