Maize straw and its biochar affect phosphorus distribution in soil aggregates and are beneficial for improving phosphorus availability along the soil profile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianyun Cao ◽  
Yu Lan ◽  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Xu Yang ◽  
Wenfu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Distribution ◽  
Maize Straw

scholarly journals Using O<sub>2</sub> to study the relationships between soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and soil respiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2089-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Angert ◽  
D. Yakir ◽  
M. Rodeghiero ◽  
Y. Preisler ◽  
E. A. Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions

Abstract. Soil respiration is the sum of respiration processes in the soil and is a major flux in the global carbon cycle. It is usually assumed that the CO2 efflux is equal to the soil respiration rate. Here we challenge this assumption by combining measurements of CO2 with high-precision measurements of O2. These measurements were conducted on different ecosystems and soil types and included measurements of air samples taken from the soil profile of three Mediterranean sites: a temperate forest and two alpine forests. Root-free soils from the alpine sites were also incubated in the lab. We found that the ratio between the CO2 efflux and the O2 influx (defined as apparent respiratory quotient, ARQ) was in the range of 0.14 to 1.23 and considerably deviated from the value of 0.9 ± 0.1 expected from the elemental composition of average plants and soil organic matter. At the Mediterranean sites, these deviations are explained as a result of CO2 dissolution in the soil water and transformation to bicarbonate ions in these high-pH soils, as well as by carbonate mineral dissolution and precipitation processes. Thus, a correct estimate of the short-term, chamber-based biological respiratory flux in such soils can only be made by dividing the measured soil CO2 efflux by the average (efflux-weighted) soil profile ARQ. Applying this approach to a semiarid pine forest resulted in an estimated short-term biological respiration rate that is 3.8 times higher than the chamber-measured surface CO2. The ARQ values often observed in the more acidic soils were unexpectedly low (< 0.7). These values probably result from the oxidation of reduced iron, which has been formed previously during times of high soil moisture and local anaerobic conditions inside soil aggregates. The results reported here provide direct quantitative evidence of a large temporal decoupling between soil–gas exchange fluxes and biological soil respiration.

Dynamics of maize straw–derived nitrogen in soil aggregates as affected by fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2882-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Jiubo Pei ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Muhammad Farhan Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Maize Straw

Long-term plastic film mulching and fertilization treatments changed the annual distribution of residual maize straw C in soil aggregates under field conditions: characterization by 13C tracing

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Jin ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Aaron R. Gall ◽  
Shuangyi Li ◽  
Liangjie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Plastic Film Mulching ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Film Mulching ◽  
Annual Distribution

scholarly journals Contribution of granulometric fractions in phosphorus distribution in old alluvial soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZYGMUNT BROGOWSKI ◽  
WOJCIECH KWASOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Phosphorus Distribution ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Alluvial Formation

Abstract Phosphorus content and balance in granulometric fractions of old alluvial soil developed from alluvial deposits od Vistula River in middle Poland was studied. The distribution of phosphorus in particular granulometric fractions of the studied soil showed high quantitative variability vertically in the profile. This resulted from the layered structure of the Vistulian old alluvial formation developed throughout the Holocene. The contribution of grain fractions in phosphorus accumulation increased with a decrease in their diameter, and in certain fractions with a decrease in their quantitative state. Eluviation of phosphorus down the soil profile concerned in particular grain fraction <0.02 mm. Fractions with a larger diameters were not subject to the process. Phosphorus resources calculated from the grain fraction balance in the analysed soil amounted to an average of 1.7 kg·m2 to a depth of 200 cm.

scholarly journals Micromorphological and physical properties of southern ravine soils in Dnipropetrovsk region

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
K. M. Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Pore Area ◽  
Aggregate Composition

The article contains the results of determination of physical and micromorphological properties of soils under natural ravine vegetation in the southern part of Dnipropetrovsk region. The value of ravine forests for the steppe zone of Ukraine is analyzed, and the methods of investigation are shown. Forest typology characteristics of the vegetation stationary test areas, as well as macro- and micromorphological characteristic of the soil profile, structural condition of the soil, its aggregate composition, and water stability of aggregates, are determined. Soil-forming processes in ravine ecosystems of the southern variant in Dnipropetrovsk region are diagnosed. Micromorphological studies of soil in the intact state, as well as analysis of produced thin sections, revealed the high degree of aggregation of the upper (0–60 cm) soil horizons. Structure formation is of zoogenic origin. Large amount of soil aggregates of coprolite structure is clearly seen under the microscope. Well decomposed plant residues are visible in the aggregates. Soil over the entire area of the section is of dark brown, almost black color. This is due to the large amount (80%) of organic substances indicating the active processes of humification. Fine grained humus is represented by plenty of equally spaced bunches of humones. Humus is in mull form. Skeleton is composed of different sized minerals, with quartz and feldspars dominating in its structure. Plasma is of humus-clay type, uniform over the entire area of the section and anisotropic with point illumination. Visible pore surface area is significant (65%) in the upper layers of the soil profile. Pores feature round and oblong regular shape. Often (on 50% of the pore area) the outbreaks of small invertebrates are found. With the depth of the soil profile, visible pore area decreases, as well as the aggregation. While correlating with the micromorphological characteristics, water stability of the soil structural aggregates reaches very high (80%) indices in the upper horizons of the soil profile and gradually decreases with the soil profile depth. Active biogenic microstructure formation, defining significant aggregation and looseness of microstructure, was diagnosed. 

scholarly journals Changes in Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure and Functional Diversity along a Geochemically Variable Soil Profile

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Hansel ◽  
Scott Fendorf ◽  
Phillip M. Jardine ◽  
Christopher A. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metabolic Potential

ABSTRACT Spatial heterogeneity in physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils allows for the proliferation of diverse microbial communities. Factors influencing the structuring of microbial communities, including availability of nutrients and water, pH, and soil texture, can vary considerably with soil depth and within soil aggregates. Here we investigated changes in the microbial and functional communities within soil aggregates obtained along a soil profile spanning the surface, vadose zone, and saturated soil environments. The composition and diversity of microbial communities and specific functional groups involved in key pathways in the geochemical cycling of nitrogen, Fe, and sulfur were characterized using a coupled approach involving cultivation-independent analysis of both 16S rRNA (bacterial and archaeal) and functional genes (amoA and dsrAB) as well as cultivation-based analysis of Fe(III)-reducing organisms. Here we found that the microbial communities and putative ammonia-oxidizing and Fe(III)-reducing communities varied greatly along the soil profile, likely reflecting differences in carbon availability, water content, and pH. In particular, the Crenarchaeota 16S rRNA sequences are largely unique to each horizon, sharing a distribution and diversity similar to those of the putative (amoA-based) ammonia-oxidizing archaeal community. Anaerobic microenvironments within soil aggregates also appear to allow for both anaerobic- and aerobic-based metabolisms, further highlighting the complexity and spatial heterogeneity impacting microbial community structure and metabolic potential within soils.

Inorganic Phosphorus Distribution in Soil Aggregates Under Different Cropping Patterns in Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibo Cheng ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
William Jeffrey Gale ◽  
Fenghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Phosphorus Distribution

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of different maize straw returning methods on saline soil improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 01089
Author(s):  
Cai Chen ◽  
Cheng Peng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Soil Urease ◽  
The Stability

Using corn straw as raw material, the effects of three different ways of returning corn straw to the field, namely direct returning corn straw to the field, decomposed corn straw returning to the field and maize straw biochar returning to the field, on saline-alkali soil were studied by indoor culture. The results showed that maize straw directly returned to the field was the best way to improve the stability of saline-alkali soil aggregates; maize straw biochar returned to the field was the best way to reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil; maize straw directly returned to the field and decomposed maize straw returned to the field enhanced the activity of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase, while reducing the activity of soil catalase. Maize straw biochar returned to field reduced soil urease activity and increased soil catalase activity, but had no significant effect on soil alkaline phosphatase activity.

The origin and loss of fractal scaling in simulated soil aggregates

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. CRAWFORD ◽  
S. VERRALL ◽  
I. M. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Fractal Scaling

KARAKTERISTIK TANAH DAN PERBANDINGAN PRODUKSI KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN METODE TANAM LUBANG BESAR DAN PARIT DRAINASE 2:1 PADA LAHAN SPODOSOL DI KABUPATEN BARITO TIMUR PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH - INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Surianto
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Hole Profile ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Spodosol soil of Typic Placorthod sub-group of East Barito District is one of the problem soils with the presence of hardpan layer, low fertility, low water holding capacity, acid reaction and it is not suitable for oil palm cultivation without any properly specific management of land preparation and implemented best agronomic practices. A study was carried out to evaluate the soil characteristic of a big hole (A profile) and no big hole (B profile) system and comparative oil palm productivity among two planting systems. This study was conducted in Spodosol soil at oil palm plantation (coordinate X = 0281843 and Y = 9764116), East Barito District, Central Kalimantan Province on February 2014, by surveying of placic and ortstein depth and observing soil texture and chemical properties of 2 (two) oil palm's soil profiles that have been planted in five years. Big hole system of commercial oil palm field planting on the Spodosol soil area was designed for the specific purpose of minimizing the potential of a negative effect of shallow effective planting depth for oil palms growing due to the hardpan layer (placic and ortstein) presence as deep as 0.25 - 0.50 m. The big hole system is a planting hole type which was vertical-sided with 2.00 m x 1.50 m on top and bottom side and 3.00 m depth meanwhile the 2:1 drain was vertical-sided also with 1.50 m depth and 300 m length. Oil palm production was recorded from the year 2012 up to 2014. Results indicated that the fractions both big hole profile (A profile) and no big hole profile (B profile) were dominated by sands ranged from 60% to 92% and the highest sands content of non-big hole soil profile were found in A and E horizons (92%). Better distribution of sand and clay fractions content in between layers of big hole soil profiles of A profile sample is more uniform compared to the B profile sample. The mechanical holing and material mixing of soil materials of A soil profile among the upper and lower horizons i.e. A, E, B and C horizons before planting that resulted a better distribution of both soil texture (sands and clay) and chemical properties such as acidity value (pH), C-organic, N, C/N ratio, CEC, P-available and Exchangeable Bases. Investigation showed that exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K), were very low in soil layers (A profile) and horizons (B profile) investigated. The low exchangeable cations due to highly leached of bases to the lower layers and horizons. Besides, the palm which was planted on the big hole system showed good adaptation and response positively by growing well of tertiary and quaternary roots that the roots were penetrable into deeper rooting zone as much as >1.00 m depth. The roots can grow well and penetrate much deeper in A profile compared to the undisturbed hardpan layer (B profile). The FFB (fresh fruit bunches) production of the non-big hole block was higher than the big hole block for the first three years of production. This might be due to the high variation of monthly rainfall in-between years of observation from 2009 to 2014. Therefore, the hardness of placic and ortstein as unpenetrable agents by roots and water to prevent water loss and retain the water in the rhizosphere especially in the drier weather. In the high rainfall condition, the 2:1 drain to prevent water saturation in the oil palm rhizosphere by moving some water into the drain. Meanwhile, the disturbed soil horizon (big hole area) was drier than un disturbance immediately due to water removal to deeper layers. We concluded that both big hole and 2:1 drain are a suitable technology for Spodosol soil land especially in preparing palms planting to minimize the negative effect of the hardpan layer for oil palm growth.

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