Pharmacokinetics and anti‐inflammatory effects of flunixin meglumine as a sole agent and in combination with phenylbutazone in exercised Thoroughbred horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Heather K. Knych ◽  
Rick M. Arthur ◽  
Daniel S. McKemie ◽  
Russell W. Baden ◽  
Kelsey Seminoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Sole Agent ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Flunixin Meglumine Reduces Milk Isoprostane Concentrations in Holstein Dairy Cattle Suffering from Acute Coliform Mastitis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Carsten C. F. Walker ◽  
Jill L. Brester ◽  
Lorraine M. Sordillo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Mediator Production ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Coliform Mastitis ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxidant Status

Dysfunctional inflammation contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis and the classical pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the target of medical intervention using the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flunixin meglumine (FM). Inhibition of COX-2 by FM can decrease concentrations of pro-inflammatory fatty acid-based mediators called eicosanoids, providing antipyretic and analgesic effects in dairy cows suffering from coliform mastitis. However, approximately 50% of naturally occurring coliform mastitis with systemic involvement results in death of the animal, even with NSAID treatment. Inadequate antioxidant potential (AOP) to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during excessive inflammation allows for oxidative stress (OS), contributing to tissue damage during coliform mastitis. Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation by ROS, called isoprostanes (IsoP), were used in humans and cattle to quantify the extent of OS. Blood IsoP were shown to be elevated and correlate with oxidant status during acute coliform mastitis. However, the effect of FM treatment on oxidant status and markers of OS has not been established. Blood IsoP concentrations were used to quantify systemic OS, whereas milk was used to assess local OS in the mammary gland. Results indicate that FM treatment had no effect on blood markers of inflammation but reduced the oxidant status index (OSi) by increasing blood AOP from pre- to post-FM treatment. Milk AOP significantly increased from pre- to post-FM treatment, whereas ROS decreased, resulting in a decreased OSi from pre- to post-FM treatment. The only blood IsoP concentration that was significantly different was 5-iso-iPF2α-VI, with a decreased concentration from pre- to post-FM treatment. Conversely, milk 5-iso-iPF2α-VI, 8,12-iso-iPF2α-VI, and total IsoP concentrations were decreased following FM treatment. These results indicated that administration of FM did improve systemic and local oxidant status and reduced local markers of OS. However, differential effects were observed between those animals that survived the infection and those that died, indicating that pre-existing inflammation and oxidant status greatly affect efficacy of FM and may be the key to reducing severity and mortality associated with acute coliform infections. Supplementation to improve AOP and anti-inflammatory mediator production may significantly improve efficacy of FM treatment.

Anti-inflammatory effects of insulin regular and flunixin meglumine on endotoxemia experimentally induced by Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 in an ovine model

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Chalmeh ◽  
Khalil Badiei ◽  
Mehrdad Pourjafar ◽  
Saeed Nazifi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimentally Induced

scholarly journals The use of analgesic drugs by South African veterinarians : continuing education

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
South African ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Balanced Anaesthesia

According to a survey, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents were the most popular analgesic used in South Africa for management of peri-operative pain, acute post-operative pain and chronic pain. The most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone. The most popular opioid type drug is buprenorphine, followed by morphine. In the peri-operative setting, analgesic agents were not actively administered to 86.3 % of cats and 80.7 % of dogs. Analgesic premedications were frequently administered, e.g. xylazine or ketamine, but no specific drug was administered for post-operative pain. Veterinarians need to critically review their anaesthetic and analgesic practices in order to achieve balanced anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents in Combination with Flunixin Meglumine and Phenylbutazone on Acute Phase Response in Respiratory Disease of Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Wael M. El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this study was to correlate the serum levels of acute phase proteins (APPs) and cytokines in response to treatment by various antimicrobial agents in feedlots calves (FL) naturally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) and Histophilus somni (H. somni). 840 feedlot calves in one farm in Al-Kharg region, Saudi Arabia were clinically examined for the presence of respiratory disease manifestations. The infection was confirmed using nasopharyngeal swabs. Blood samples from diseased animals were collected before and after (7 days) treatment for biochemical analysis of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HP) and cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 β (IL1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). FL that were positive for M. haemolytica and/or H. somni (n=69) received treatment with one antibiotic, including tulathromycin (Tula; n=26 cases), florfenicol (FFC; n=19), tilmicosin (Tm; n=13), or ceftiofur (CEF; n=11) and one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Flunixin meglumine (FM; n=43) or phenylbutazone (PBZ; n= 26). We demonstrated the selective potent inhibitory effect of the administrated anti-inflammatory agents either FM or PBZ on the production of APPs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in FL infected with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Our findings showed the antibacterial efficacy of FFC and Tm for the treatment of infected FL when administrated with either FM or PBZ. However, Tula was preferable to administrate in combination with FM for the treatment of FL with respiratory manifestations. Importantly, monitoring the sera level of Hp, IL-1β, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in feedlots treated with either FM combined with Tula, FFC, or Tm or PBZ combined with FFC, and Tm has been effective in predicting the disease prognosis

151 PREGNANCY RATES AFTER A NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY (FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE) AND PROGESTERONE (P4) ADMINISTRATION TO MANGALARGA MARCHADOR RECIPIENT MARES

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
P. G. Rodrigues ◽  
A. M. Resende ◽  
J. C. Souza ◽  
R. R. Carvalho ◽  
R. Maculan
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The aim was to evaluate whether pregnancy rates could be improved by randomly injecting recipient mares with flunixin meglumine (FM; Banamine®, Schering-Plough, São Paulo, Brazil) on the day of embryo transfer combined or not with long-acting progesterone (P4) in commercial embryo transfer programs. One hundred sixty-five Mangalarga Marchador recipient mares from the 2006–2007 breeding season of 4 different commercial programs were used. Ages ranged from 4 to 15 years old. In 86 mares, 1.1 mg kg–1 of BW of FM was given intravenously immediately after embryo transfer, and in 79 mares, only saline was injected. Additionally, 59 mares receiving saline were injected with 1 800.0 mg of progesterone at embryo transfer and every week thereafter until 110 days of gestation. Of the 86 receiving FM, 17 received the same progesterone protocol. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically in Ham’s F-10 or Encare medium. Pregnancy was checked by ultrasonography at 15, 30, and 60 days after transfer, and only a positive diagnosis on the latter was considered pregnancy in the statistical analysis. In a 2 × 2 factorial design (2 levels of FM and P4), pregnancy rates were analysed using the GENMOD procedure considering a binomial distribution (SAS®, Cary NC), and means were compared by orthogonal contrasts. Pregnancy rates were lower (P < 0.0001) in FM-treated (50.2 ± 5.3%) compared with control (88.2 ± 5.1%) mares and in P4-treated (85.9 ± 5.0%) compared with control (52.4 ± 5.5%) mares. An interaction effect between FM and P4 was not observed (P < 0.49). For mares receiving or not receiving FM, the addition of the P4 protocol lowered pregnancy rates. In mares not treated with FM, pregnancy rates were 81.4 ± 5.1% and 95.0 ± 8.8% for P4-treated and nontreated mares, respectively (P < 0.05). In FM-treated mares that did not receive P4, pregnancy rates were 76.8 ± 4.8% compared with 23.5 ± 9.6% of those treated with P4 (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the indiscriminate use of progesterone and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may actually decrease reproductive efficiency and even act synergistically to potentiate their effect. These results must be interpreted with caution, considering that the data are derived from field observations, although sources are from very reliable and well-controlled operations. Nevertheless, the authors consider it imperative to have a proper diagnosis before generalizing the use of medical tools to improve pregnancy rates in horses. Financial support from CNPQ–Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CAPES–Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de nível Superior. Schering/Plough, JOFADEL, and ABCCMM–Associação Brasileira dos Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador.

scholarly journals Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Pharmacokinetics and Mitigation of Procedural-Pain in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Brooklyn K. Wagner ◽  
Emma Nixon ◽  
Ivelisse Robles ◽  
Ronald E. Baynes ◽  
Johann F. Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Common routine management practices in cattle, such as castration and disbudding, are recognized as being painful. In the United States (U.S.), these procedures are frequently performed without pain mitigation and there are currently no drugs federally approved for such use. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam, flunixin meglumine and aspirin, are the most commonly used analgesics in U.S. food-animal production systems. However, the body of research investigating the effectiveness of these pharmaceuticals to control pain in cattle at castration and disbudding has not been comprehensively evaluated. Therefore, this review examined existing literature to summarize meloxicam, flunixin and aspirin (1) pharmacokinetics (PK) and (2) administration outcome in regard to pain control during castration and disbudding procedures, in cattle. Following systematic searches and screening, 47 PK and 44 publications were extracted for data and are presented. The sample size contained notable variability and a general deficiency of validated and replicated methodologies for assessing pain in cattle remain substantial challenges within this research area. Future research should prioritize replication of pain assessment methodologies across different experimental conditions to close knowledge gaps identified by the present study and facilitate examination of analgesic efficacy.

In vitro effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Meloxicam and Flunixin Meglumine) and phytochemical (Harpagoside) on the respiratory burst of porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marruchella ◽  
Francesco Mosca ◽  
Jasmine Hattab ◽  
Abigail R. Trachtman ◽  
Pietro G. Tiscar
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Human Pmns ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in veterinary medicine. Additionally, interest regarding the anti-infammatory properties of phytochemicals has emerged in recent years. In the present study, we aim to investigate the in vitro effects of meloxicam, flunixin meglumine, and harpagoside on the respiratory burst of porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). We observed that harpagoside was able to suppress the respiratory burst, similarly to flunixin meglumine. Conversely, meloxicam enhanced the PMNs response. However, these effects were only detected at concentrations higher than those achievable in plasma and tissues. The present study intends to offer insights into the role of these molecules on phagocytosis mechanisms in animals to complement what is already known regarding human PMNs.

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