scholarly journals Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Pharmacokinetics and Mitigation of Procedural-Pain in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Brooklyn K. Wagner ◽  
Emma Nixon ◽  
Ivelisse Robles ◽  
Ronald E. Baynes ◽  
Johann F. Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Common routine management practices in cattle, such as castration and disbudding, are recognized as being painful. In the United States (U.S.), these procedures are frequently performed without pain mitigation and there are currently no drugs federally approved for such use. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam, flunixin meglumine and aspirin, are the most commonly used analgesics in U.S. food-animal production systems. However, the body of research investigating the effectiveness of these pharmaceuticals to control pain in cattle at castration and disbudding has not been comprehensively evaluated. Therefore, this review examined existing literature to summarize meloxicam, flunixin and aspirin (1) pharmacokinetics (PK) and (2) administration outcome in regard to pain control during castration and disbudding procedures, in cattle. Following systematic searches and screening, 47 PK and 44 publications were extracted for data and are presented. The sample size contained notable variability and a general deficiency of validated and replicated methodologies for assessing pain in cattle remain substantial challenges within this research area. Future research should prioritize replication of pain assessment methodologies across different experimental conditions to close knowledge gaps identified by the present study and facilitate examination of analgesic efficacy.

scholarly journals Quinoa’s Potential to Enhance Dietary Management of Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes: A Review of the Current Evidence

Diabetology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Alexander Little ◽  
Kevin Murphy ◽  
Patrick Solverson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

The prevalence of diet-induced obesity and type-2 diabetes remains a growing concern in the United States. As best management practices still include improved diet and physical activity, bioactive food components, contained within functional foods, show promise in curbing the cardiometabolic complications associated with excess weight and diabetes. Quinoa is an emerging candidate crop for its versatility in wide-ranging growing conditions as one approach to address food security, but it also contains several components that may serve as a dietary tool for post-industrial countries struggling with the health complications of caloric excess. Preliminary rodent feeding studies demonstrate that components within quinoa, namely, phytosteroids, phenolics, polysaccharides, and peptides, can prevent adiposity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Mechanistic activity may involve reduced lipid absorption and adipogenesis, increased energy expenditure and glucose oxidation and corrected gut microbiota. Other intestinal actions may include blocked carbohydrate digestion with enhanced incretin signaling. Evidence in clinical trials is lacking and future research spanning cells to the clinic is needed to further elucidate the interesting preliminary reports reviewed here. Quinoa offers several unique attributes that could be harnessed to improve the dietary management of obesity and diabetes.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiography pancreatitis Short title: Post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirghani HO
Keyword(s):  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) is a serious disease. The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the prevention of PEP is conflicting. Objectives: This review aimed to assess the preventive role of NSAIDs in PEP with special emphasis on the dose and route of administration. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant observational studies published in English during the period from January 2010 to January 2020. The terms post-ERCP pancreatitis, diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, NSAIDs, dose, route of administration were used. Results: Of the 179 identified, 19 full texts were screened and included in the review. Ten studies were from Europe, seven from Asia and two were published in the USA, the studies showed that NSAIDs were effective in preventing PEP when used rectally or intramuscularly, higher doses are more efficacious and the combination with stents was not superior, careful patients selection is needed in particular regarding the body mass index. Conclusion: NSAIDs were effective in PEP prevention; however, the evidence is weak due to the observational nature and the different methods used in the included studies. Randomized controlled studies are needed to solve the issue.

scholarly journals The drug likeness analysis of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheling Feng ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Qingwen Zhang ◽  
Ligen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Active Defense ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Clerodane Diterpenoids ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractInflammation is an active defense response of the body against external stimuli. Long term low-grade inflammation has been considered as a deteriorated factor for aging, cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. The clinically used glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not suitable for chronic inflammation. Therefore, it’s urgent to discover and develop new effective and safe drugs to attenuate inflammation. Clerodane diterpenoids, a class of bicyclic diterpenoids, are widely distributed in plants of the Labiatae, Euphorbiaceae and Verbenaceae families, as well as fungi, bacteria, and marine sponges. Dozens of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids have been identified on different assays, both in vitro and in vivo. In the current review, the up-to-date research progresses of anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoids were summarized, and their druglikeness was analyzed, which provided the possibility for further development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Industrial hemp and its potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARNAB BHOWMIK
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Wide Range

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging high-value specialty crop that can be cultivated foreither fiber, seed, or cannabidiol (CBD). The demand for hemp and its products has been consistently onthe rise in the 21st century. The United States of America has reintroduced hemp and legalizedits production as an agricultural commodity through the 2018 Federal Farm Bill. Although thereis a renewed interest in the adoption of hemp due to the emerging market, its production in theUnited States remains limited partly because of unclear agronomic guidance and fertilizationrecommendations. This review article provides information on the current agronomic managementpractices that are available in the literature and identifies the future research needs for cultivating thismultipurpose crop to address the growing market demands. Hemp production could be beneficialif managed properly. Hemp fertilizer requirements vary in accordance with the type of hempgrown (seed, fiber, or CBD), soil, environmental conditions and requires a wide range of macro- andmicronutrients. Integrating management practices in hemp cultivation intended to build soil health ispromising since the hemp cropping system is suitable for crop rotation, cover cropping, and livestockintegration through animal waste applications. Hemp also has significant environmental benefitssince it has the potential to remediate contaminated soils through phytoremediation, convert highamounts of atmospheric CO2 to biomass through bio-sequestration, and hemp biomass for bioenergyproduction. This review identifies that most of the agronomic research in the past has been limitedto hemp fiber and, to some extent, hemp seed but not CBD hemp. With the increase in the globalmarkets for hemp products, more research needs to be conducted to provide agronomic guidelinesfor sustainable hemp production.

scholarly journals Strip Tillage and Compost Influence Carrot Quality, Yield, and Net Returns

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
D. Corey Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact

Management practices that build soil organic matter—including reduced tillage, cover cropping, and compost applications—may be useful for protecting vulnerable crops from extreme weather events, reducing energy costs, and suppressing pests in carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativa) production systems. The primary objective of this research was to assess the effects of strip tillage, compost, and carrot cultivar on carrot quality, yield, and profitability. An important secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of tillage and compost on establishment of important weeds in carrot systems—including two species that have developed resistance to linuron: Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea). Field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 comparing conventional tillage (CT) to strip tillage (ST) under two rates of mature compost addition (0 or 3 dry t·ha−1) for three processing carrot varieties (‘Canada’, ‘Finley’, and ‘Recoleta’). In the ST system, a pre-established barley cover crop was left to grow as a windbreak between crop rows until carrots were established. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate net returns associated with all treatments. Compared with CT, the ST system resulted in 1) either equivalent or greater (2010, Finley cultivar) total carrot yields and net returns; and 2) either equivalent or lower summer annual weed densities. Addition of compost resulted in equivalent (2010) or higher (2009) carrot yields and gross returns but did not affect net returns as a result of the increased costs associated with compost application. Compost reduced the density of common purslane in 2009 but resulted in a threefold increase in the density of Powell amaranth in 2010. Our results demonstrate that both ST and compost applications are potentially valuable tools for improving the profitability of carrot production systems. Future research examining the mechanistic basis for compost and tillage effects on carrots and weeds as well as the long-term effects of these practices on profitability of rotational crops would be helpful for optimizing their use in vegetable production systems.

scholarly journals Past, Present, and Future of Groundwater Remediation Research: A Scientometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3975
Author(s):  
Qibin Chen ◽  
Guilian Fan ◽  
Wei Na ◽  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Jianguo Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Environmental Sciences

In this study, we characterize the body of knowledge of groundwater remediation from 1950 to 2018 by employing scientometric techniques and CiteSpace software, based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) databases. The results indicate that the United States and China contributed 56.4% of the total publications and were the major powers in groundwater remediation research. In addition, the United States, Canada, and China have considerable capabilities and expertise in groundwater remediation research. Groundwater remediation research is a multidisciplinary field, covering water resources, environmental sciences and ecology, environmental sciences, and engineering, among other fields. Journals such as Environmental Science and Technology, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, and Water Research were the major sources of cited works. The research fronts of groundwater remediation were transitioning from the pump-and-treat method to permeable reactive barriers and nanoscale zero‑valent iron particles. The combination of new persulfate ion‑activation technology and nanotechnology is receiving much attention. Based on the visualized networks, the intelligence base was verified using a variety of metrics. Through landscape portrayal and developmental trajectory identification of groundwater remediation research, this study provides insight into the characteristics of, and global trends in, groundwater remediation, which will facilitate the identification of future research directions.

Exploring the integration between Lean and the Theory of Constraints in Operations Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco ◽  
Isaac Pergher ◽  
José Antônio Valle Antunes Junior ◽  
Guilherme Luís Roehe Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Production System ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare different models integrating the TOC and Lean approaches. Design/methodology/approach The models of reference were identified through a comprehensive literature review. A qualitative and comparative analysis was carried out by pointing out the strengths, weaknesses and gaps of models integrating the TOC and Lean based on the production system requirements. Findings The findings indicate that these models can be improved by introducing aspects related to the system structure such as main key performance indicators, type of shop layout and performance metrics to evaluate the improvements implemented in the production system. The results provided evidence that the TOC and Lean are complementary approaches, and the individual gaps of each approach seem to be, in the most part, offset by the virtues of the other. Practical implications This study enables decision makers and industrial managers to evaluate the practices adopted in the production environment, as well as the use of the different set of continuous improvement practices. This article also minimizes the literature gap regarding whether and how integrated Lean and TOC approach can be used in the firms. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of literature on Lean by comparing three different models integrating Lean and the TOC. Furthermore, a research agenda is suggested for future research aimed at developing new models integrating both approaches, aiming to increase the competitiveness of the production systems.

scholarly journals Analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental pain in humans

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDITH S. WALKER ◽  
JESUS F. ARROYO ◽  
TUAN NGUYEN ◽  
RICHARD O. DAY
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Engagement

This chapter reviews the argument and evidence presented in the body of book, which provides substantial support for the proposed theories on the sources and effectiveness of US nonproliferation policy. It identifies areas for future research, such as the nonproliferation policies of other countries, the mechanisms through which nuclear domino effects occur, and the role of preventive strikes in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. It also discusses the implications of the book’s finding for theory and policy, for example the need for the United States to maintain a credible sanctions policy, continue its international engagement, and work to develop more reliable policies for instituting multilateral sanctions.

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