Distribution ranges and spring phenology explain late frost sensitivity in 170 woody plants from the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract. A lack of long-term measurements across Earth's biological and physical systems has made observation-based detection and attribution of climate change impacts to anthropogenic forcing and natural variability difficult. Here we explore coherence among land, cryosphere and ocean responses to recent climate change using 3 decades (1980–2012) of observational satellite and field data throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Our results show coherent interannual variability among snow cover, spring phenology, solar radiation, Scandinavian Pattern, and North Atlantic Oscillation. The interannual variability of the atmospheric peak-to-trough CO2 amplitude is mostly impacted by temperature-mediated effects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific/North American Pattern (PNA), whereas CO2 concentration is affected by Polar Pattern control on sea ice extent dynamics. This is assuming the trend in anthropogenic CO2 emission remains constant, or the interannual changes in the trends are negligible. Our analysis suggests that sea ice decline-related CO2 release may outweigh increased CO2 uptake through longer growing seasons and higher temperatures. The direct effects of variation in solar radiation and leading teleconnections, at least in part via their impacts on temperature, dominate the interannual variability of land, cryosphere and ocean indicators. Our results reveal a coherent long-term changes in multiple physical and biological systems that are consistent with anthropogenic forcing of Earth's climate and inconsistent with natural drivers.

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Earlier-Season Vegetation Has Greater Temperature Sensitivity of Spring Phenology in Northern Hemisphere

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0088178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e88178 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Miaogen Shen ◽

Yanhong Tang ◽

Jin Chen ◽

Xi Yang ◽

Cong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Temperature Sensitivity ◽

Spring Phenology

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Northern Hemisphere Jet Stream Position Indices as Diagnostic Tools for Climate and Ecosystem Dynamics

Earth Interactions ◽

10.1175/ei-d-16-0023.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Soumaya Belmecheri ◽

Flurin Babst ◽

Amy R. Hudson ◽

Julio Betancourt ◽

Valerie Trouet

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Spatial Coherence ◽

Circulation Pattern ◽

Ecosystem Dynamics ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Jet Stream ◽

Terrestrial Vegetation ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

Abstract The latitudinal position of the Northern Hemisphere jet stream (NHJ) modulates the occurrence and frequency of extreme weather events. Precipitation anomalies in particular are associated with NHJ variability; the resulting floods and droughts can have considerable societal and economic impacts. This study develops a new climatology of the 300-hPa NHJ using a bottom-up approach based on seasonally explicit latitudinal NHJ positions. Four seasons with coherent NHJ patterns were identified (January–February, April–May, July–August, and October–November), along with 32 longitudinal sectors where the seasonal NHJ shows strong spatial coherence. These 32 longitudinal sectors were then used as NHJ position indices to examine the influence of seasonal NHJ position on the geographical distribution of NH precipitation and temperature variability and their link to atmospheric circulation pattern. The analyses show that the NHJ indices are related to broad-scale patterns in temperature and precipitation variability, in terrestrial vegetation productivity and spring phenology, and can be used as diagnostic/prognostic tools to link ecosystem and socioeconomic dynamics to upper-level atmospheric patterns.

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Leucostoma auerswaldii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20123409287 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

V. P. Hayova

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Woody Plants ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Republic Of Georgia ◽

Infraspecific Variation

Abstract A description is provided for Leucostoma auerswaldii, found on dead twigs of northern hemisphere temperate woody plants. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, economic impacts, infraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA [California, Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington and Wyoming], China, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and UK).

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Coherence among the Northern Hemisphere land, cryosphere, and ocean responses to natural variability and anthropogenic forcing during the satellite era

10.5194/esd-2015-92 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Gonsamo ◽

J. M. Chen ◽

D. T. Shindell ◽

G. P. Asner

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Sea Ice ◽

Interannual Variability ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Natural Variability ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Anthropogenic Forcing ◽

Recent Climate

Abstract. A lack of long-term measurements across Earth's biological and physical systems has made observation-based detection and attribution of climate change impacts to anthropogenic forcing and natural variability difficult. Here we explore coherence among land, cryosphere and ocean responses to recent climate change using three decades (1980−2012) of observational satellite and field data throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Our results show coherent interannual variability among snow cover, spring phenology and thaw, solar radiation, Scandinavian Pattern, and North Atlantic Oscillation. The interannual variability of the atmospheric peak-to-trough CO2 amplitude is mostly impacted by temperature-mediated effects of ENSO, North American Pattern and East Atlantic Pattern, whereas CO2 concentration is affected by Polar Pattern control on sea ice extent dynamics. This is assuming the trend in anthropogenic CO2 emission remains constant, or the interannual changes in the trends are negligible. Our analysis suggests that sea ice decline-related CO2 release may outweigh increased CO2 uptake through longer growing seasons and higher temperatures. The direct effects of variation in solar radiation and leading teleconnections, at least in part via their impacts on temperature, dominate the interannual variability of land, cryosphere and ocean indicators. Our results reveal a coherent long-term changes in multiple physical and biological systems that are consistent with anthropogenic forcing of Earth's climate and inconsistent with natural drivers.

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The European Forest Condition Monitor: Using Remotely Sensed Forest Greenness to Identify Hot Spots of Forest Decline

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.689220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Allan Buras ◽

Anja Rammig ◽

Christian S. Zang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Forest Decline ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Forest Condition ◽

Late Frost ◽

European Forest ◽

Condition Monitor

Forest decline, in course of climate change, has become a frequently observed phenomenon. Much of the observed decline has been associated with an increasing frequency of climate change induced hotter droughts while decline induced by flooding, late-frost, and storms also play an important role. As a consequence, tree mortality rates have increased across the globe. Despite numerous studies that have assessed forest decline and predisposing factors for tree mortality, we still lack an in-depth understanding of (I) underlying eco-physiological mechanisms, (II) the influence of varying environmental conditions related to soil, competition, and micro-climate, and (III) species-specific strategies to cope with prolonged environmental stress. To deepen our knowledge within this context, studying tree performance within larger networks seems a promising research avenue. Ideally such networks are already established during the actual period of environmental stress. One approach for identifying stressed forests suitable for such monitoring networks is to assess measures related to tree vitality in near real-time across large regions by means of satellite-borne remote sensing. Within this context, we introduce the European Forest Condition monitor (EFCM)—a remote-sensing based, freely available, interactive web information tool. The EFCM depicts forest greenness (as approximated using NDVI from MODIS at a spatial resolution of roughly 5.3 hectares) for the pixel-specific growing season across Europe and consequently allows for guiding research within the context of concurrent forest performance. To allow for inter-temporal comparability and account for pixel-specific features, all observations are set in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) records over the monitoring period beginning in 2001. The EFCM provides both a quantile-based and a proportion-based product, thereby allowing for both relative and absolute comparison of forest greenness over the observational record. Based on six specific examples related to spring phenology, drought, late-frost, tree die-back on water-logged soils, an ice storm, and windthrow we exemplify how the EFCM may help identifying hotspots of extraordinary forest greenness. We discuss advantages and limitations when monitoring forest condition at large scales on the basis of moderate resolution remote sensing products to guide users toward an appropriate interpretation.

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Unexpected mitochondrial lineage diversity within the genus Alonella Sars, 1862 (Crustacea: Cladocera) across the Northern Hemisphere

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10804 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10804

Author(s):

Anna N. Neretina ◽

Dmitry P. Karabanov ◽

Veronika Sacherova ◽

Alexey A. Kotov

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Mitochondrial Lineage ◽

Broad Distribution ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Lineages ◽

Rrna Sequences ◽

Lineage Diversity

Representatives of the genus Alonella Sars (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydorinae) belong to the smallest known water fleas. Although species of Alonella are widely distributed and often abundant in acidic and mountain water bodies, their diversity is poorly studied. Morphological and genetic approaches have been complicated by the minute size of these microcrustaceans. As a result, taxonomists have avoided revising these species. Here, we present genetic data on Alonella species diversity across the Northern Hemisphere with particular attention to the A. excisa species complex. We analyzed 82 16S rRNA sequences (all newly obtained), and 78 COI sequences (39 were newly obtained). The results revealed at least twelve divergent phylogenetic lineages, possible cryptic species, of Alonella, with different distribution patterns. As expected, the potential species diversity of this genus is significantly higher than traditionally accepted. The A. excisa complex is represented by nine divergent clades in the Northern Hemisphere, some of them have relatively broad distribution ranges and others are more locally distributed. Our results provide a genetic background for subsequent morphological analyses, formal descriptions of Alonella species and detailed phylogeographical studies.

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Subglacial bedform sensitivity to bed characteristics across the deglaciated Northern Hemisphere

10.31223/x5z037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marion McKenzie ◽

Lauren Simkins ◽

Sarah Principato

Keyword(s):

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Ice Dynamics ◽

Ice Flow ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Ice Conditions ◽

Length Width

Streamlined subglacial bedforms observed in deglaciated landscapes provide the opportunity to assess the sensitivity of ice dynamics to bed characteristics across broader spatiotemporal scales than is possible for contemporary glacial systems. While many studies of streamlined subglacial bedforms rely on manual mapping and qualitative (i.e., visual) assessment, we semi-automatically identify 11,628 erosional and depositional bedforms, created during and following the Last Glacial Maximum, across nine geologic and topographically diverse deglaciated sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Using this large dataset of landforms and associated morphometrics, we empirically test the importance of subglacial terrain on bedform morphology and ice-flow behavior. A minimum bedform length-width ratio threshold systematically provides a constraint on landform elongation during genesis and minimum morphometrics needed to resolve such bedforms in remote sensing data. Distribution ranges of bedform elongations are remarkably similar across all sites regardless of bed characteristics. These similarities in bedform metrics regardless of bed properties indicate all bed types may support streaming ice conditions. Regionally-constrained topography and easily erodible beds host the most elongate bedforms yet the widest range in bedform elongation and surface relief. This suggests higher ice-flow velocities and continuity of flow paths despite spatially heterogeneous landform-generating processes. In contrast, regions with unconstrained topography and lithified sedimentary beds contain high conformity in bedform density, relief, and elongation, indicating more spatially homogeneous interactions at the ice-bed interface and consistency in ice-flow velocity. Regardless of whether bedforms are erosional or depositional products, we ultimately find a relatively higher sensitivity of bedform elongation (i.e., ice streaming speed) to regional topography while bedform density is more sensitive to bed lithology. The findings presented here should be extrapolated to interpret processes of subglacial erosion and deposition, ice-bed interactions, and streaming ice flow within contemporary glacial systems.

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