A meta‐analysis examining lactic acid bacteria inoculants for maize silage: Effects on fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritive value and livestock production

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are usually employed as alfalfa silage inoculants to obtain high-quality feed for animal husbandry. However, the effects of these inoculants are still unclear and need to be studied extensively. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize published research studies that assess the effects of homofermentative (HoLAB) and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (HeLAB) on fermentation parameters, nutritive value, microbiological composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus have been screened for articles published from 1980 to 2018. The criteria for inclusion were: randomized and controlled trials using alfalfa silage and published in peer-reviewed journals. It was found that inoculation with LAB decreased silage pH, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and ammoniacal nitrogen, while it increased dry matter and crude protein compared to control in the pooled raw mean difference random-effect model. Additionally, LAB inoculation decreased acetate, propionate, ethanol and butyrate concentrations, whereas it increased lactate. In addition, inoculants reduced the counts of yeasts and moulds. Lastly, LAB inoculation improved aerobic stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims at comparing the application of HoLAB and HeLAB for alfalfa silage. In the pool estimate, positive effects attributable to the application of microbial silage inoculants were found in most of the evaluated parameters; supporting the importance of applying both types of inoculants to improve forage preservation for the livestock industry.

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Effect of Inoculation with Preactivated Lactobacillus Buchneri and Urea on Fermentative Profile, Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value in Corn Silage

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10080335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Ana Paula Maia dos Santos ◽

Edson Mauro Santos ◽

Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽

Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽

Anderson de Moura Zanine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Freeze Dried

The current study aimed to evaluate the application effects of the preactivated Lactobacillus buchneri and urea on the fermentative characteristics, chemical composition and aerobic stability in corn silages. The design was completely randomized, in a 6 × 5 factorial arrangement, with six types of additive and five opening times. The treatments consisted of corn silage; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant; corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea; corn silage with activated inoculant; corn silage with activated inoculant +1.0% urea, and corn silage with 1.0% urea. Populations of lactic acid bacteria stabilized at the 70th day, with average values of 8.91 and 9.15 log cfu/g for corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant +1.0% urea and corn silage with freeze-dried inoculant, respectively. In contrast, the silages without additives showed significantly lower values of 7.52 log cfu/g forage at the 70th day. The silages with urea (isolated or associated with the inoculant) increased the total nitrogen content. The maximum temperature values were highest in the corn silages without additives, indicating that these silages were more prone to deterioration. The use of Lactobacillus buchneri activated proved to be more efficient in improving the fermentative profile of corn silages than the freeze-dried inoculant. The use of urea as an additive reduced the losses and improved the nutritional value and aerobic stability of corn silages. Additionally, the combination of Lactobacillus buchneri activated and urea may be used as a technique to improve the fermentative profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of corn silages.

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Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Different Forages as Silage Inoculants for Improving Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.586716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Melisa Puntillo ◽

Mónica Gaggiotti ◽

Juan Martín Oteiza ◽

Ana Binetti ◽

Ariel Massera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Plant Materials ◽

16S Sequencing ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Fermentation Capacity ◽

Silage Inoculants

We aimed at isolating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from different plant materials to study their crossed-fermentation capacity in silos and to find strains able to confer enhanced aerobic stability to silage. A total of 129 LAB isolates were obtained from lucerne (alfalfa), maize, sorghum, ryegrass, rice, barley, canola, Gatton panic, Melilotus albus, soy, white clover, wheat, sunflower, oat, and moha. Four Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strains (isolated from oat, lucerne, sorghum, or maize) were selected for their growth capacity. Identity (16S sequencing) and diversity (RAPD-PCR) were confirmed. Fermentative capacity (inoculated at 104, 105, 106, 107 CFU/g) was studied in maize silage and their cross-fermentation capacity was assessed in oat, lucerne, sorghum, and maize. Heterofermentative strains with the highest acetic acid production capacity conferred higher aerobic stability to maize silages. Regardless the source of isolation, L. plantarum strains, inoculated at a rate of 106 CFU/g, were effective to produce silage from different plant materials. From more than 100 isolates obtained, the application of a succession of experiments allowed us to narrow down the number of potential candidates of silage inoculants to two strains. Based on the studies made, L. plantarum LpM15 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum LfM1 showed potential to be used as inoculants, however further studies are needed to determine their performance when inoculated together. The former because it positively influenced different quality parameters in oat, lucerne, sorghum, and maize silage, and the latter because of its capacity to confer enhanced aerobic stability to maize silage. The rest of the strains constitute a valuable collection of autochthonous strains that will be further studied in the future for new applications in animal or human foods.

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Effect of Homofermentative and Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Quality and Aerobic Stability of Silage : Meta-Analysis

Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science ◽

10.5333/kgfs.2014.34.4.247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sangbuem Cho ◽

Jung Sun Kang ◽

Kyung Jin Cho ◽

Kang Hee Lee ◽

Chan Ho Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Stability

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The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation on the aerobic stability and fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass, red clover and maize silage

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.6711 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eva Wambacq ◽

Joos Pieter Latré ◽

Geert Haesaert

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Red Clover ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Lactobacillus Buchneri ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Silage Inoculants

Aerobic spoilage of silages occurs frequently and is undesirable because it reduces both its nutritive and hygienic quality. Silage inoculants containing heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria, like Lactobacillus buchneri, have already been proven to improve aerobic stability by augmented production of acetic acid, which inhibits yeasts. In this study, the effect of L. buchneri on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of alfalfa-ryegrass silage, red clover silage and maize silage was assessed using microsilos. Two dosages, 1×105 and 3×105 cfu g-1 of fresh matter, were compared to untreated control silage. Inoculation with L. buchneri clearly altered the fermentation characteristics of alfalfa-ryegrass and red clover silage, resulting in a significantly higher aerobic stability at both dosages. The effects of L. buchneri inoculation on maize silage were less clear, but nevertheless the aerobic stability of maize silage inoculated with 1×105 cfu g-1 of fresh matter was significantly higher compared to the untreated silage.

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Meta-analysis of effects of inoculation with homofermentative and facultative heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and the performance of dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2016-11815 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 4587-4603 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

André S. Oliveira ◽

Zwi G. Weinberg ◽

Ibukun M. Ogunade ◽

Andres A.P. Cervantes ◽

Kathy G. Arriola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

Aerobic Stability

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The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s030822960001919x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 139-139

Author(s):

M Gonzalez Yanez ◽

R Mcginn ◽

D H Anderson ◽

A R Henderson ◽

P Phillips

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

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Dual sensor measurement shows that temperature outperforms pH as an early sign of aerobic deterioration in maize silage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88082-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guilin Shan ◽

Wolfgang Buescher ◽

Christian Maack ◽

André Lipski ◽

Ismail-Hakki Acir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Aerobic Metabolism ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Dual Sensor ◽

Ruminant Diets ◽

Incubation Temperatures ◽

Biological Additive ◽

Real Time Information ◽

First Time

AbstractHigh quality silage containing abundant lactic acid is a critical component of ruminant diets in many parts of the world. Silage deterioration, a result of aerobic metabolism (including utilization of lactic acid) during storage and feed-out, reduces the nutritional quality of the silage, and its acceptance by animals. In this study, we introduce a novel non-disruptive dual-sensor method that provides near real-time information on silage aerobic stability, and demonstrates for the first time that in situ silage temperature (Tsi) and pH are both associated with preservation of lactic acid. Aerobic deterioration was evaluated using two sources of maize silage, one treated with a biological additive, at incubation temperatures of 23 and 33 °C. Results showed a time delay between the rise of Tsi and that of pH following aerobic exposure at both incubation temperatures. A 11 to 25% loss of lactic acid occurred when Tsi reached 2 °C above ambient. In contrast, by the time the silage pH had exceeded its initial value by 0.5 units, over 60% of the lactic acid had been metabolized. Although pH is often used as a primary indicator of aerobic deterioration of maize silage, it is clear that Tsi was a more sensitive early indicator. However, the extent of the pH increase was an effective indicator of advanced spoilage and loss of lactic acid due to aerobic metabolism for maize silage.

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Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81505-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chatchai Kaewpila ◽

Pongsatorn Gunun ◽

Piyawit Kesorn ◽

Sayan Subepang ◽

Suwit Thip-uten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

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