Limitations of Current Approaches for Predicting Groundwater Vulnerability from PFAS Contamination in the Vadose Zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Rovero ◽  
Diana Cutt ◽  
Rachel Griffiths ◽  
Urszula Filipowicz ◽  
Katherine Mishkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability

Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping in Urbanized Hydrological System Using Modified Drastic Model and Sensitivity Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Chenini ◽  
Adel Zghibi ◽  
Mohamed Haythem Msaddek ◽  
Mahmoud Dlala
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Modified Drastic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The groundwater vulnerability assessment is normally applied to rural watersheds. However, urbanization modifies the hydrogeological processes. A modified DRASTIC model was adopted to establish a groundwater vulnerability map in an urbanized watershed. The modified DRASTIC model incorporated a land-use map, and net recharge was calculated taking into account the specificity of the urban hydrogeological system. The application of the proposed approach to the Mannouba watershed demonstrates that the groundwater vulnerability indexes range from 80 to 165. The study's results shows that 30 percent of the Mannouba watershed area has a high vulnerability index, 45 percent of the area has a medium index, and 25 percent of the study area has a low vulnerability index. To specify the effect of each DRASTIC factor on the calculated vulnerability index, sensitivity analyses were performed. Land use, topography, and soil media have an important theoretical weight greater than the effective weight. The impact of the vadose zone factor has the most important effective weight and affects the vulnerability index. The sensitivity assessment explored the variation in vulnerability after thematic layer removal. In this analysis, the removal of hydraulic conductivity and impact of vadose zone modified the vulnerability index. Groundwater vulnerability assessment in urbanized watersheds is difficult and has to consider the impact of urbanization in the hydrogeological parameters.

scholarly journals GIS-based DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC indices for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Baghin aquifer, Kerman, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351-2363
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Majid Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The present study estimates the Kerman–Baghin aquifer vulnerability using DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC (CDRASTIC) indices with the aid of geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Factors affecting the transfer of contamination, including water table depth, soil media, aquifer media, the impact of the vadose zone, topography, hydraulic conductivity, and land use, were used to calculate the DRASTIC and CDRASTIC indices. A sensitivity test was also performed to determine the sensitivity of the parameters. Results showed that the topographic layer displays a gentle slope in the aquifer. Most of the aquifer was covered with irrigated field crops and grassland with a moderate vegetation cover. In addition, the aquifer vulnerability maps indicated very similar results, identifying the north-west parts of the aquifer as areas with high to very high vulnerability. The map removal sensibility analysis (MRSA) revealed the impact of the vadose zone (in the DRASTIC index) and hydraulic conductivity (in the CDRASTIC index) as the most important parameters in vulnerability evaluation. In both indices, the single-parameter sensibility analysis (SPSA) demonstrated net recharge as the most effective factor in vulnerability estimation. According to the results, parts of the studied aquifer have a high vulnerability and require protective measures.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Sensitivity Analysis in Groundwater Vulnerability Assessing Using the DRASTIC and Composite DRASTIC Indexes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Malakootian ◽  
Majid Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Sensibility Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The present study estimates Kerman–Baghin aquifer vulnerability by applying the DRASTIC and composite DRASTIC (CDRASTIC) indexes. The factors affecting the transfer of contamination, including the water table depth, soil media, aquifer media, the impact of the vadose zone, topography, hydraulic conductivity, and land use, were ranked, weighted, and integrated using a geographical information system (GIS). A sensitivity test has also been performed to specify the sensitivity of the parameters. The study results show that the topographic layer displays a gentle slope in the aquifer. The majority of the aquifer covered irrigated field crops and grassland with a moderate vegetation cover. In addition, the aquifer vulnerability maps indicate very similar results, recognizing the northwest parts of the aquifer as areas with high and very high vulnerability. The map removal sensibility analysis (MRSA) revealed the impact of the vadose zone (in the DRASTIC index) and hydraulic conductivity (in the CDRASTIC index) as the most effective parameters in the vulnerability evaluation. In both indexes, the single-parameter sensibility analysis (SPSA) showed net recharge as the most effective factor in the vulnerability estimation. From this study, it can be concluded that vulnerability maps can be used as a tool to control human activities for the sustained protection of aquifers.

Groundwater Vulnerability Fuzzy Evaluation in Qujing Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1445-1448
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Zhang ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Hong Zhan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Primary Problem ◽  
Fuzzy Evaluation Model

As the Qujing citys industrial development, how to use and protect groundwater is the primary problem of urban development because of the non-uniformity distribution of groundwater. This paper establishes a two-story DRASTIC fuzzy evaluation model using analytical hierarchy process, by Qujing basin groundwater survey and data analysis. The model was applied to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of Qujing basin and the east and west sides of the mountain with the consideration of depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer material, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity of aquifer with the help of monitoring data. The research results show that the Qujing basin is of high vulnerability, we should pay attention to the protection of groundwater environment in the use of groundwater. At the same time show that the model is more sensitivity for evaluating and much simple for calculating. This method is better to reflect the groundwater vulnerability spatial continuity, and further enriched the groundwater vulnerability methods.

Geographical Information System Based Sensitivity Analysis Accurately Predicts Hydrocarbons Contamination Using Drastic Index and Multicriteria Analysis 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaharatu Babika ◽  
Thomas Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Drastic Index ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment

<p>Among the numerous groundwater vulnerability assessment methodologies, the geographical information system-based DRASTIC model is the most widely used and have been found to achieve reliable results even in complex areas. However, hydrocarbon contamination cause by Anthropogenic activities has not previously being considered within these groundwater vulnerability assessment model.  This study proposes a new flexible approach for optimizing the identification of input data layers that can help identify vulnerability to hydrocarbon contamination through the principles of sensitivity analysis.The single-parameter (SA ) and map removal analysis(MA)  was employed to obtain effective weights for the  modified model, which were then implemented to improve efficacy Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) techniques are part of a decision-making process for assigning weights of significance to each input layer to the DRASTIC model. The application is illustrated through a case study focussing on the city of Kano located in Northern Nigeria within west Africa .DRASTIC index model have seven paramters ,Depth of water table,net reharge ,Aquifer media ,soil media, Topography ,impact of vadose zone and hydrlauic conductivty.  The most sensitive parameters are depth of water (22.92%), net recharge, (25.98), impact of Vadose zone (27.07%),  The borehole data includes groundwater samples that were analysed for benzene, ethylbenzene and xylene (Betex) components of crude oil.  Accordingly, the results presented the highest hydrocarbon content (51.66477mg/l) in Dala (western Kano) due to the significantly high number of hydrocarbon sources such as under-storage tanks within the petroleum stations and automobile garages.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Puck region (denudation moraine upland) using vertical seepage method

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Potrykus ◽  
Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka ◽  
Beata Jaworska-Szulc ◽  
Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres ◽  
Adam Szymkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Potential Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Hydrus 1D ◽  
Puck Bay

Degradation of groundwater quality can cause a serious water supply and environmental problems. The identify of potential groundwater pollution can be determined by assessment of groundwater vulnerability method. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was based on estimation of migration time of potential conservative contamination through the vadose zone. Area of investigation is a type of denudation moraine upland, which is situated at the eastern part of the Puck Isolated Morainic Plateau (north of Poland). Time of vertical seepage was estimated with four widely use in Poland equations and numerical modelling with HYDRUS 1D numerical code. The results were compared with major groundwater basin (MGWB) vulnerability classification. The calculations indicate variable results of migration times for conservative contamination, depending on the chosen equation. The conducted research is a part of a project which main aim is a development of groundwater contaminant transport model and detailed identification of a potential agriculture pollutant sources in the selected watersheds of the Puck Bay.

Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability – A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1561-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. El Tahlawi ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Abo-El Kassem ◽  
Gamal Y. Baghdadi ◽  
Hussein A. Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Vulnerability

Conception of vadose zone research in the area of Goczałkowice reservoir.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Joanna Czekaj ◽  
Kamil Trepka
Keyword(s):  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Research Site ◽  
Observation Wells

Abstract Goczałkowice reservoir is one of the main source of drinking water for Upper Silesia Region. In reference to Water Frame Directive matter since 2010 the strategic research project: „Integrated system supporting management and protection of dammed reservoir (ZiZoZap)”, which is being conducted on Goczałkowice reservoir, has been pursued. In the framework of this project complex groundwater monitoring is carried on. One aspect is vadose zone research, conducted to obtain information about changes in chemical composition of infiltrating water and mass transport within this zone. Based on historical data and the structural model of direct catchment of Goczałkowice reservoir location of the vadose zone research site was selected. At the end of November 2012 specially designed lysimeter was installed with 10 MacroRhizon samplers at each lithological variation in unsaturated zone. This lysimeter, together with nested observation wells, located in the direct proximity, create the vadose zone research site which main aim is specifying the amount of nitrate transport in the vertical profile.

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