scholarly journals Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Turcios ◽  
Juan J. Lence-Anta ◽  
Jose-Luis Santana ◽  
Celia M. Pereda ◽  
Milagros Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Risk

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the thyroid volume in healthy adults by ultrasound and to correlate this volume with some anthropometric measures and other differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors. Study Design: Thyroid volume and anthropometric measures were recorded in a sample of 100 healthy adults, including 21 men and 79 women aged 18-50 years, living in a non-iodine-deficient area of Havana city. Results: The average thyroid volume was 6.6 ± 0.26 ml; it was higher in men (7.3 ml) than in women (6.4 ml; p = 0.15). In the univariate analysis, thyroid volume was correlated with all anthropometric measures, but in the multivariate analysis, body surface area was found to be the only significant anthropometric parameter. Thyroid volume was also higher in current or former smokers and in persons with blood group AB or B. Conclusion: Specific reference values of thyroid volume as a function of body surface area could be used for evaluating thyroid volume in clinical practice. The relation between body surface area and thyroid volume is coherent with what is known about the relation of thyroid volume to thyroid cancer risk, but the same is not true about the relation between thyroid volume and smoking habit.

scholarly journals Study of thyroid volume by ultrasonography in clinically euthyroid patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kayastha ◽  
S Paudel ◽  
DM Shrestha ◽  
RJ Ghimire ◽  
S Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges of total thyroid volume among clinically euthyroid Nepalese population using Ultrasonography and correlate this volume with age, sex, individual’s built and geographic location. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 485 clinically euthyroid individuals. B - mode Ultrasonography was used to measure the total thyroid volume by combining the volume of both the lobes obtained by using formula for prolate ellipsoid. Age specific reference values for thyroid volume were obtained and Pearson correlation test was used to see the relationship with various factors. Results: Among 485 individuals between 1 to 83 years of age, 221(45.57%) were males and 264(54.43%) were females. Maximum [354 individuals (72.99%)] were from hilly region and minimum [16 individual (3.30%)] were from Himalayan region. Mean thyroid volume was 6.629 ± 2.5025 ml. In general, thyroid volume was found to be more in older individuals than in young age group. There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between males and females. Thyroid volume best correlated with body surface area (r=0.444, p<0.0001). The volume had a positive correlation with weight (r=0.443, p<0.0001), body mass index (r=0.371, p<0.0001) and height (r=0.320, p<0.0001) of the individual. Conclusions: This study estimated the reference range of total thyroid volume for Nepalese population. These ranges are significantly lower than the WHO/ICCIDD thyroid volume references and reference values obtained in various other countries. Total thyroid volume best correlated with Body surface area. Keywords: Body surface area; clinically euthyroid; total thyroid volume; ultrasonography DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v32i2.4944 Journal of Institute of Medicine, August, 2010; 32: 36-43

Skeletal muscle area correlates with body surface area in healthy adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoharu Yoshizumi ◽  
Ken Shirabe ◽  
Hidekazu Nakagawara ◽  
Toru Ikegami ◽  
Norifumi Harimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Area

scholarly journals 104 Left ventricular stroke volume differences among echocardiographic methods in healthy adults from the World Alliance of Societies of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Miyoshi ◽  
K Addetia ◽  
A Blitz ◽  
R Lang ◽  
F Asch
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Simpson's Rule

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements WASE Normal Values Study is sponsored by American Society Echocardiography Foundation. OnBehalf the WASE Investigators Background Left ventricular (LV) stroke volume (SV) can be determined by multiple ultrasound methods, including Doppler, two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. However, how methods compare to each other is not well understood. In this report from the WASE study, we aim to examine and compare normal reference ranges for SV and SV index (SVI) obtained from healthy adults by Doppler, 2D Simpson’s and 3D methods. Methods WASE Normal Values Study is a multinational, observational, cross-sectional study. Individuals free from known cardiac, lung and renal disease were prospectively enrolled with even distribution among age groups and gender. Doppler, 2D and 3D datasets were acquired at the enrolling centers, following a standardized protocol. LV SV was measured by three methods: Doppler (LV outflow tract diameter and velocity time integral), 2D biplane Simpson’s rule and 3D volume method. SV was indexed by body surface area (SVI). All measurements were analyzed (TOMTEC) in two core laboratories (for 2D and 3D) following ASE Guidelines. Methods were compared by Friedman test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results As of May 2019, 646 cases have been analyzed in both 2D and 3D datasets. In this population, age was 45 ± 16 years old (range 18-85) and body surface area was 1.76 ± 0.22 m² (range 0.95-2.44). LV EF by 2D Simpson’s rule and 3D method were 63.2 ± 2.9 and 62.3 ± 5.0 %, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001, Wilcoxon test). SVI by Doppler, 2D and 3D were 39.6 ± 7.6, 33.8 ± 6.5 and 41.0 ± 9.4 ml/m², respectively. There were significant differences between the three methods (p &lt; 0.0001, Friedman test). 2D underestimated SVI compared to Doppler by 14.6% (mean of differences 5.8 ml/m², p &lt; 0.0001) and 3D by 17.6% (7.2 ml/m², p &lt; 0.001). The difference between Doppler and 3D was smaller (3.4% lower by Doppler) but still statistically significant (1.4 ml/m², p = 0.0008). The results are shown in the figure. Conclusions Comparing 3 modalities in a large population of healthy individuals, SV and SVI are underestimated by 2D Simpson’s method. Given the large differences, combining 2D and Doppler or 3D measurements for hemodynamic calculations (such as regurgitant volumes and fraction) should be done with caution. Abstract 104 Figure.

scholarly journals Variations of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate Associated with Various Factors Among Healthy Adults in a City Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Maciej Składanowski ◽  
Paweł Jarosz ◽  
Barbara Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Abstract Introduction. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was first described by Hadorn as a measure of the lung function. The definition of PEFR established by the European Respiratory Society defines it as the maximal flow achieved during the phase of expiration, delivered with maximal force and starting from the maximal lung inflation level. Aim. The authors of this study attempted at evaluating the variations of PEFR, taking into consideration the effects of one’s age, height Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), seasons of the year and air pollution. Healthy adults living in urban areas were subjects of the study. Material and methods. The study group consisted of some 179 healthy subjects, 102 women and 77 men, aged 18 to 66. Every patient’s medical history, including epidemiological, demographic data, as well as the information about the occurrence and symptoms of lung diseases, was taken from every patient. Only healthy subjects were selected for further analysis. Participants performed spirometry testing. Physical parameters were measured. Appropriate pollution data was obtained. Results. The study group consisted of 179 patients (102 women and 77 men). There is a negative correlation between PEFR and age and a positive one between PEFR and height, as well as Body Surface Area and BMI (regarded as a quantitative, but not as a qualitative trait). There is a significant correlation between PEFR and PEFR adjusted by age, height and weight with seasons of the year. There is a statistically significant negative impact of NO2, SO2 and O3 24 h mean and hourly NO2 concentration on PEFR. Conclusions. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate changes are also present in a healthy adult population. Prevalence of obesity is an important factor of the examined population.

scholarly journals Associations Between Thyroid Volume and Physical Growth in Pubertal Girls: Thyroid Volume Indexes Need to Be Applied to Thyroid Volume Assessments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Xiaolian Dong ◽  
Chaowei Fu ◽  
Meifang Su ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Volume Index

BackgroundThyroid volume (Tvol) is associated with many factors, but the current reference values for Tvol in children with sufficient iodine intake are inappropriate and need to be updated. Moderate changes in thyroid morphology and accentuated increases in body fat percentage occur during puberty as an adaption of the body and sexual development occurs. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of physical growth on Tvol and propose an easily applicable method for conducting Tvol assessments in pubertal girls with sufficient iodine intake.MethodsA cohort study was conducted on 481 pubertal girls in East China from 2017 to 2019. B-ultrasound was used to assess Tvol. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of Tvol enlargement (dTvol) with changes in height (dH), weight (dW), waist circumference (dW), body mass index (dBMI), and body surface area (dBSA). Thyroid volume indexes (TVIs), including height thyroid volume index (HVI), weight and height thyroid volume index (WHVI), body mass index thyroid index (BMIV), and body surface area thyroid index (BSAV), were calculated to explore an appropriate method for Tvol assessments by Spearman correlation analyses.ResultsTvol, height, weight, BMI, and BSA increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (P&lt;0.001). The associations between dTvol and physical growth were only observed in the 13 to 14-year-old group. dH, dW,dBMI, and dBSA were positively related to dTvol, with the maximum β of 5.74 (95%CI: 2.54 to 8.94) on dBSA, while dWC was negatively related to dTvol (β= -0.05, 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.03). Both dHVI and dBSAV were not associated with dH, dW, dBMI, or dBSA in both age groups (P&gt;0.05).ConclusionsThyroid volume was associated with physical growth in pubertal girls in East China, both age and anthropometric measurements must be comprehensively considered to establish the reference values for Tvol. HVI, and BSAV may be better indicators for Tvol assessments in pubertal girls.

Correlations of Diaphragm Thickness and Body Surface Area on Pulmonary Functions in Healthy Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
S Velkumary ◽  
K Chandrasekaran ◽  
N Krishnamurthy ◽  
K Saranya ◽  
Y Dhanalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Diaphragm Thickness ◽  
Pulmonary Functions

Risk Factors for Bleeding during Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos P J Wester ◽  
Harold W de Valk ◽  
Karel H Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Catherine B Brouwer ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Summary Objective: Identification of risk factors for bleeding and prospective evaluation of two bleeding risk scores in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: One university and 2 regional teaching hospitals. Patients: 188 patients treated with heparin or danaparoid for acute venous thromboembolism. Measurements: The presenting clinical features, the doses of the drugs, and the anticoagulant responses were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to evaluate prognostic factors for bleeding. In addition, the recently developed Utrecht bleeding risk score and Landefeld bleeding risk index were evaluated prospectively. Results: Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients (2.1%) and minor bleeding in 101 patients (53.7%). For all (major and minor combined) bleeding, body surface area ≤2 m2 (odds ratio 2.3, 95% Cl 1.2-4.4; p = 0.01), and malignancy (odds ratio 2.4, 95% Cl 1.1-4.9; p = 0.02) were confirmed to be independent risk factors. An increased treatment-related risk of bleeding was observed in patients treated with high doses of heparin, independent of the concomitant activated partial thromboplastin time ratios. Both bleeding risk scores had low diagnostic value for bleeding in this sample of mainly minor bleeders. Conclusions: A small body surface area and malignancy were associated with a higher frequency of bleeding. The bleeding risk scores merely offer the clinician a general estimation of the risk of bleeding. In patients with a small body surface area or in patients with malignancy, it may be of interest to study whether limited dose reduction of the anticoagulant drug may cause less bleeding without affecting efficacy.

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

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