Assessing risk factors for hypertension in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection: A case–control study

Abstract Background Globally, rates of ischemic stroke (IS) have been rising among young adults. This study was designed to identify risk factors associated with IS incidence in young adults unaffected by hypertension or diabetes. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study of early-onset IS patients without diabetes and hypertension. Control patients were matched with healthy individuals based upon sex, age (±2 years), and BMI (±3 kg/m2) at a 1:3 ratio. Sociodemographic, clinical, and risk factor-related data pertaining to these patients was collected. The association between these risk factors and IS incidence was then assessed using conditional logistic regression models. Results We recruited 60 IS patients and 180 controls with mean ages of 44.37 ± 4.68 and 44.31 ± 4.71 years, respectively, for this study. Relative to controls, IS patients had significantly higher total cholesterol (TG), homocysteine (HCY), white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, and significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride cholesterol (TC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels (all P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounding factors, HCY and ANC were found to be significantly positively associated with IS incidence (OR 1.518, 95%CI 1.165–1.977, P = 0.002 and OR 2.418, 95%CI 1.061–5.511, P = 0.036, respectively), whereas HDL-C and FT3 levels were negatively correlated with IS incidence (OR 0.001, 95%CI 0.000–0.083, P = 0.003 and OR 0.053, 95%CI 0.008–0.326, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions In young non-diabetic and non-hypertensive patients, lower HDL-C and FT3 levels and higher HCY and ANC levels may be associated with an elevated risk of IS. Additional prospective studies of large patient cohorts will be essential to validate these findings.

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346. Factors Associated with Hypertension in Young Adults with Perinatally-Acquired HIV Infection: a Case–Control Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S184-S184

Author(s):

Patrick O’Neil ◽

Patrick Ryscavage ◽

Kristen A Stafford

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Family History ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Early Management ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background The incidence of systemic hypertension (HTN) among perinatally-HIV-infected (PHIV) patients appears to increase as they enter adulthood. Among non-perinatally HIV-infected adults both traditional and HIV-associated risk factors have been found to contribute to HTN. Whether these same factors contribute to HTN in PHIV is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic, clinical, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with HTN among a cohort of PHIV adolescents and young adults, aged ≥18 years. Methods We conducted a case–control study among a population of 160 PHIV adults with and without HTN who were receiving care at the University of Maryland and aged 18–35 years as of December 31, 2017. Covariates assessed included traditional risk factors such as age, family history of HTN, and smoking, as well as HIV- and antiretroviral-associated covariates. Results We identified 49 HTN cases (30.6%) and 111 (69.4%) controls. There were no significant differences in the odds of most traditional (age, gender, race, family history of HTN, tobacco, alcohol, and/or other drug use) or HIV-associated (CD4 nadir <100 cells/mm3, individual ART exposure, ART interruption) risk factors among PHIV adults with HTN compared with those with no diagnosis of HTN. Cases had lower odds of a history of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Cases had 3.7 (95% CI 1.11, 12.56) times the odds of a prior diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with controls after controlling for CD4 nadir and ARV treatment history. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that most traditional and HIV-related risk factors do not appear to increase the odds of having HTN in this PHIV cohort. However, HTN among PHIV may be driven in part by CKD, and a focus on the prevention and early management of CKD in this group may be necessary to prevent the development of HTN. Additionally, there may be as yet unidentified risk factors for HTN among PHIV which require further exploration. Given the large and growing population of PHIV entering adulthood worldwide, it is imperative to explore risk factors for and effects of HTN in large, diverse PHIV populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Su2009 HIV Infection and Domestic Smoke Exposure, but Not Human Papilloma Virus, Are Risk Factors for Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Zambia: A Case-Control Study

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(15)31938-7 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 148 (4) ◽

pp. S-574

Author(s):

Violet J. Kayamba ◽

Allen Bateman ◽

Akwi W. Asombang ◽

Shibemba Aaron ◽

Kanekwa Zyambo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors Influencing HIV Infection Incidence in a Rural African Population: A Nested Case‐Control Study

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/499313 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 193 (3) ◽

pp. 458-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

James Todd ◽

Heiner Grosskurth ◽

John Changalucha ◽

Angela Obasi ◽

Frank Mosha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

African Population ◽

Infection Incidence ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Disease History and Medication Use as Risk Factors for the Clinical Manifestation of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Young Adults: An Explorative Case Control Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0087408 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e87408 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soulmaz Fazeli Farsani ◽

Patrick C. Souverein ◽

Marja M. J. van der Vorst ◽

Aukje K. Mantel-Teeuwisse ◽

Catherijne A. J. Knibbe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Young Adults ◽

Clinical Manifestation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Medication Use ◽

Case Control ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Control Study

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Investigation of an extensive outbreak of HIV infection among children in Sindh, Pakistan: protocol for a matched case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e036723

Author(s):

Amna R Siddiqui ◽

Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽

Syed H Abidi ◽

Syed Faisal Mahmood ◽

Iqbal Azam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Study Results ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

IntroductionIn April 2019, 14 children were diagnosed with HIV infection by a private healthcare provider in Larkana district, Sindh province, Pakistan. Over the next 3 months, 930 individuals were diagnosed with HIV, >80% below 16 years, the largest ever outbreak of HIV in children in Pakistan. In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing likely modes of HIV transmission in this outbreak and investigate spatial and molecular epidemiology.Methods and analysisA matched case–control study will be conducted with 406 cases recruited. Cases will be children aged below 16 years registered for care at the HIV treatment centre at Shaikh Zayed Children Hospital in Larkana City. Controls will be children who are HIV-uninfected (confirmed by a rapid HIV test) matched 1:1 by age (within 1 year), sex and neighbourhood. Following written informed consent from the guardian, a structured questionnaire will be administered to collect data on sociodemographic indices and exposure to risk factors for parenteral, vertical and sexual (only among those aged above 10 years) HIV transmission. A blood sample will be collected for hepatitis B and C serology (cases and controls) and HIV lineage studies (cases only). Mothers of participants will be tested for HIV to investigate the possibility of mother-to-child transmission. Conditional logistic regression will be used to investigate the association of a priori defined risk factors with HIV infection. Phylogenetic analyses will be conducted. Global positioning system coordinates of participants’ addresses will be collected to investigate concordance between the genetic and spatial epidemiology.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Ethics Review Committee of the Aga Khan University, Karachi. Study results will be shared with Sindh and National AIDS Control Programs, relevant governmental and non-governmental organisations, presented at national and international research conferences and published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

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Risk factors for HIV infection in a gynaeco - obstetric population in Vietnam — a case-control study

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh04034 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thi Thu Ha Tran ◽

Brian P. Mulhall ◽

Petra Macaskill ◽

Thanh Quang Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Past History ◽

Hiv Infections ◽

Case Control ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

Current History

Background: Vietnam has an emerging HIV epidemic, particularly in male drug injectors. Data on HIV infections in women in the general population, and their risk factors, are scanty. Methods: A case-control study was performed in a large gynaeco–obstetric hospital in Haiphong city in 1998–2001. The sample was 22000 attendees. The medical records of 58 HIV-seropositive cases were compared with 422 randomly chosen HIV-seronegative controls for potential risk factors. Results: A multivariate analysis found that HIV infection was associated with young age, past/current history of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and being unemployed. Patients aged 21–30 years were 10-fold less likely to be infected than women aged <20 years (OR 0.11, 95%CI 0.04–0.33). Women with a past/current history of STI had over 20 times the risk of those who did not (95% CI 6.7–62.3). Unemployed women had at least twice the risk of infection of any other occupational group. Conclusions: We have identified risk factors in women that have not been highlighted previously in Vietnam. Our study suggests that all antenatal women, especially those who are young or unemployed (or, with a current/past history of STI), should be offered free HIV tests, counselling and management.

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