The Consequences of Competition: Federal Boarding Schools, Competing Institutions, Pueblo Communities, and the Fight to Control the Flow of Pueblo Students, 1881–1928

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-487
Author(s):  
John Reynolds Gram
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
School Year ◽  
The World

Samuel M. Cart, superintendent of the recently opened federal boarding school in Santa Fe, New Mexico, sat down at his desk in September 1891 to write the commissioner of Indian affairs regarding his recent recruiting tour through the pueblos under his jurisdiction. The recruiting trip was in preparation for the first full school year of Santa Fe Indian School's (SFIS's) existence. Though Cart had only recently arrived, his would-be pupils belonged to communities who had lived in the region for over millennia. The Pueblos among whom Cart had just traveled had established successful agricultural committees in the arid region and developed complex social and cultural means to order and influence the world that Cart's countryman now called the American Southwest. And for generations, they had educated their children in order that their communities would survive. Now Cart, and men and women like him, had traveled to the Southwest to convince the Pueblos (and other Native American groups) that their way of life was inferior, their social–cultural complex was immoral, and their methods for educating their children were insufficient.

scholarly journals Quantification of Elemental Contaminants in Unregulated Water across Western Navajo Nation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Credo ◽  
Jaclyn Torkelson ◽  
Tommy Rock ◽  
Jani C. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Hard Rock Mining ◽  
Rock Mining ◽  
American Nation

The geologic profile of the western United States lends itself to naturally elevated levels of arsenic and uranium in groundwater and can be exacerbated by mining enterprises. The Navajo Nation, located in the American Southwest, is the largest contiguous Native American Nation and has over a 100-year legacy of hard rock mining. This study has two objectives, quantify the arsenic and uranium concentrations in water systems in the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation compared to the New Mexico side and to determine if there are other elements of concern. Between 2014 and 2017, 294 water samples were collected across the Arizona and Utah side of the Navajo Nation and analyzed for 21 elements. Of these, 14 elements had at least one instance of a concentration greater than a national regulatory limit, and six of these (V, Ca, As, Mn, Li, and U) had the highest incidence of exceedances and were of concern to various communities on the Navajo Nation. Our findings are similar to other studies conducted in Arizona and on the Navajo Nation and demonstrate that other elements may be a concern for public health beyond arsenic and uranium.

Conflict at Kewa and Isleta Pueblos

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Indian School ◽  
Dawes Act ◽  
Native Resistance ◽  
Carlisle Indian School

This chapter opens with detailed analysis of deculturation policy during the Spanish, Mexican, and American governance of New Mexico and the Pueblos. In the more recent history it includes discussion of the Code of Indian Offenses, the General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), the Carlisle Indian School, the Canton Asylum for Insane Indians (Hiawatha Asylum), and the evolving policies of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. These introductory remarks are followed by analyses of a 1935–1940 conflict at Santo Domingo (Kewa) Pueblo, when Archbishop Rudolph Gerken attempted to change traditional practice of Catholicism and to house a resident priest and sisters at Santo Domingo; and of a conflict at Isleta Pueblo that culminated when Monsignor Frederick Stadtmueller was removed in handcuffs by the pueblo governor in 1965. The Native American ministry of the archdiocese and native resistance to dogma are also considered more generally. Visiting information for Kewa and Isleta is included.

Selected resources on Native American art

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Marilyn Russell ◽  
Thomas E. Young
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Indian ◽  
American Art ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Native American Art ◽  
University Library ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Indian Nations

This review of selected paper and electronic resources on Native American art describes what is available at the Haskell Indian Nations University Library and Archives in Lawrence, Kansas; the Institute of American Indian Arts Library and Archives in Santa Fe, New Mexico; the H.A. & Mary K. Chapman Library and Archives at the Philbrook Museum of Art in Tulsa, Oklahoma; and the Billie Jane Baguley Library and Archives at the Heard Museum Library in Phoenix, Arizona. These four institutions develop and maintain resources and collections on Native American art and make the information they contain about indigenous groups available not only to their users and other scholars but also to the wider world.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1429-1429
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Computer Scientist ◽  
World Association ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
Synergistic Toxicity

Corrigendum to 'Infant mortality rates regressed against number of vaccine doses routinely given: Is there a biochemical or synergistic toxicity?' By Neil Z Miller and Gary S Goldman, Human and Experimental Toxicology, published online before print May 4, 2011, doi: 10.1177/0960327111407644, and also in this issue, 30: 1420-1428. The following declarations should have been made upon publication of this paper. The Authors apologise for this error. Affiliations The Authors’ affiliations were published as: Neil Z Miller, Independent researcher, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Gary S Goldman, Independent computer scientist, Pearblossom, California, USA However, for the purposes of this publication the correct affiliations are as follows: Neil Z Miller, Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute, USA Gary S Goldman, Computer scientist, Pearblossom, California, USA Declaration of Conflict of Interest No declaration of Conflict of Interest was made at the time of submission. The Authors would like to make the following declaration at this time: Neil Z Miller is associated with the ‘Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute’. Gary S Goldman has not been associated with the ‘World Association for Vaccine Education’ (WAVE) for more than four years but was, at the time of publication of the article, still listed as a Director for it on the WAVE website. Funding The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) donated $2,500 and Michael Belkin made a personal donation of $500 in memory of his daughter Lyla towards the SAGE Choice Open Access fee for this article.

Sedentarization and Agricultural Dependence: Perspectives from the Pithouse-to-Pueblo Transition in the American Southwest

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Rocek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Storage Technology ◽  
South Central ◽  
The World ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Lower Mobility

The pithouse-to-pueblo transition in the southwestern United States is widely viewed as a period combining increasing sedentism and agricultural dependence. This paper argues that sedentarization and degree of agricultural dependence need not be directly linked across the transition, and that two kinds of preservational biases influence the appearance of a linkage. First, sample size effects result from better archaeobotanical preservation at large, relatively sedentary pueblos, compared to pithouse settlements that are often smaller and less intensively occupied. Second, differences in storage technology increase the likelihood of carbonization of domesticates at pueblos. Quantitative paleoethno-botanical data from the Dunlap-Salazar pithouse site and Robinson site pueblo in south-central New Mexico illustrate these problems. Dunlap-Salazar has lower quantities of domesticates in its flotation samples than Robinson pueblo. When preservational differences are taken into account using ratios or ubiquity counts, however, the contrast between the sites disappears. These findings have methodological implications, suggesting that casual qualitative or even quantitative comparisons between pueblo and pithouse sites in the Southwest (or analogous sites in other parts of the world) may be misleading. The results also suggest that the commonly accepted direct association between lower mobility and higher dependence on crops in pueblos in contrast to pithouse sites requires reevaluation.

The State of Nevada v. Eugene Austin: A Tragic Story of Homicide and Incarceration in the American Southwest

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Thomas Britten
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
The State ◽  
Dysfunctional Family ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
State Prison

Eugene Austin (1923-1980) was a member of the Lovelock Paiute Tribe of Nevada. The product of an impoverished and dysfunctional family and a former pupil of an off-reservation boarding school, Austin was a troubled and unhappy youth who yearned to escape the sparse opportunities and lack of mobility available to Native peoples of rural Nevada. In 1941, he was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. He spent the next thirty-three years at the Nevada State Prison in Carson City, longer than any other inmate in the institution's history. He endured inhumane treatment during his incarceration, was lobotomized, and in 1974 was eventually paroled to a convalescent home in California. His arrest, trial, and incarceration reveal a number of tragic missteps in a criminal justice system that often failed to understand or accommodate the unique needs and circumstances posed by Native American offenders in the Southwest.

Weaving Mathematical Concepts through Native American Baskets

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Caniglia
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Basket Weaving

The stunning natural beauty of Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado, and Utah is indicative of the American Southwest and is reflected in Southwestern baskets. Many Southwestern basket weavers use coiling as their method of construction (see fig. 1). The following problems relate mathematics to the art of basket weaving, with an emphasis on coiling.

Francis I. Proctor, MD and his wife Elizabeth C. Proctor: Their lives and legacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
George M Bohigian ◽  
Robert M Feibel
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Indian Reservations ◽  
Lead Investigator ◽  
American Indian Reservations ◽  
Francis I ◽  
Blinding Trachoma

The Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology is internationally recognized for its research in the fields of ocular inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the name of one of its founders, Francis I. Proctor, MD (1864–1936) is memorialized, the legacy of his wife, Elizabeth C. Proctor (1882–1975) is not as well known. They were both full partners in this endeavor. Francis, a successful and wealthy ophthalmologist, retired to Santa Fe, New Mexico. After their marriage, they became interested in the problem of blinding trachoma, then an endemic problem on the Native American Indian reservations. The couple selected Phillips Thygeson, MD (1903–2002), a young ophthalmologist with an interest in infectious diseases, as their lead investigator. Using their own funds, the Proctors paid for Thygeson and themselves to study trachoma in Egypt, and then establish a trachoma research laboratory in Arizona where the causative agent of trachoma was identified. Not only did the Proctors fund these studies, they also studied bacteriology so they could help in the laboratory themselves. After Francis’ death, Elizabeth endowed the Foundation in 1947 and continued to support it. She also established the Proctor Medal for The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

The American Southwest Audrey Goodman, Translating Southwestern Landscapes: The Making of an Anglo Literary Region (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2002, $40.00). Pp. 250. ISBN 0 1865 2187 5. Molly H. Mullin, Culture in the Marketplace: Gender, Art, and Value in the Amerian Southwest (Durham: Duke University Press, 2001, $64.95 cloth, $19.95 paper). Pp. 248. ISBN 0 822 32610 8, 0 8223 2168 3. Curtis M. Hinsley and David R. Wilcox, The Lost Itinerary of Frank Hamilton Cushing (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2002, $50.00). Pp. 450. ISBN 0 8165 2269 3. Hal K. Rothman (ed.), The Culture of Tourism, the Tourism of Culture: Selling the Past to the Present in the American Southwest (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2003, $34.95). Pp. 250. ISBN 0 826 32928 4.

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
MARTIN PADGET
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
El Paso ◽  
American Southwest ◽  
American Mind ◽  
University Of New Mexico ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
Duke University

Scholars have been debating what constitutes “the Southwest” for decades. Thirty years ago, geographer D. W. Meinig began his landmark study Southwest: Three Peoples in Geographical Change, 1600–1970 by stating: “The Southwest is a distinct place to the American mind but a somewhat blurred place on American maps.” For Meinig, the crucial determining factor in constituting the geographical parameters of his own study was the coincidence of Native American and Mexican American settlement patterns in Arizona, New Mexico and around El Paso, Texas. The watersheds of the Gila River in Arizona and the Rio Grande in New Mexico provide the focus of his study of the historical interaction of Indians, Mexican Americans and Anglos through the successive periods of Spanish colonialism, Mexican independence and American rule. The historical geographer Richard Francaviglia has challenged the relatively narrow focus of Meinig's study by calling for a more expansive consideration of the Greater Southwest, which, in addition to the core of Arizona and New Mexico, also includes parts of Colorado, Utah, Texas and the northern states of Mexico. He rationalizes, “The southwestern quadrant of North America is, above all, characterized by phenomenal physical and cultural diversity that regionalization tends to abstract or simplify. The more one tries to reduce this complexity, the smaller the Southwest becomes on one's mental map.”2

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