Size-dependent survival of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in summer: effects of water temperature and stream flow

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Xu ◽  
B. H. Letcher ◽  
K. H. Nislow
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Size Dependent

Growth and Resistance to Stress in Brook Trout Fed Sublethal Levels of DDT

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2443-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Macek
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Resistance To Stress

When underyearling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were fed DDT at a rate of 2.0 mg/kg per week for 31 weeks, they exhibited greater weight gain (43.2 ± 0.8 g) during the period than did untreated fish (36.6 ± 1.1 g). When underyearling fish were fed DDT at different rates for 26 weeks and then starved or fed at a rate equivalent to 10% of the usual feeding rate, the cumulative mortality during this period was 96.2% among fish exposed to 3.0 mg/kg per week, 88.6% among fish exposed to 2.0 mg/kg per week, and 1.2% among untreated fish. Differences in the length of survival of DDT-exposed fish occurred due to dosage, sex, and type of starvation. The evidence suggests that the mortality of DDT-exposed fish was due to the interaction of DDT residues with a combination of environmental stresses, namely starvation, decreasing water temperature, and possibly the physiological stress associated with the spawning season.

Influence of body weight, swimming characteristics, and water temperature on the cost of swimming in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1482-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Daniel Boisclair ◽  
Chantal Ménard ◽  
John A Downing
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Fish Swimming ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fish Weight ◽  
The Cost

We performed respirometry experiments to estimate the spontaneous swimming costs of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) for 24 combinations of fish weight (3.5, 17, and 32 g), water temperature (4, 12, and 18°C), and respirometer size (27, 54, and 108 L). Fish swimming characteristics were estimated for each experiment using videocamera recordings and image analysis. Under our experimental conditions, average swimming characteristics of fish, such as swimming speed and turning and acceleration rates, varied from 2.5- to 29-fold. Our data, alone or combined with similar published results on brook trout weighing 1 g, indicated that fish weight was the only variable that could explain a statistically significant proportion of the variations of spontaneous swimming costs for that species (r2 = 0.91). Our work confirms, with a wider range of experimental data, that spontaneous swimming costs of fish are 3- to 22-fold (8-fold average difference) more energy demanding than predicted by forced swimming models developed using fish swimming at constant speeds and directions in flumes.

Relationship between respiration rate of juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), water temperature, and swimming characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2138-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Tang ◽  
Daniel Boisclair
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Cost

We estimated the cost of spontaneous swimming and the swimming characteristics of juvenile brook trout for 21 combinations of water temperature (3.5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 20.7 °C) and respirometer volume (27, 54, and 108 L). Spontaneous swimming costs were estimated as the oxygen depletion in the respirometers corrected for biological oxygen demand of the water and standard metabolism of the fish. Spontaneous swimming costs varied 9-fold among our experiments. Swimming characteristics, such as the average and the variance of speed, acceleration, and turning rates, were determined using a pair of video cameras. Swimming characteristics varied 2- to 10-fold among experiments. Speed and turning rate tended to increase with water temperature up to 18 °C and decreased at 20.7 °C. Water temperature (r2 = 0.44) was the only variable that could explain a significant portion of the variations of spontaneous swimming costs between 3.7 and 20.7 °C. Variance of speed (partial R2 = 0.32) and the average turning rate (partial R2 = 0.34) explained 53% of the variation between 3.7 and 18 °C. Average speed never explained more than 35% of spontaneous swimming cost variation.

First-winter survival of rainbow trout and brook trout in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Meyer ◽  
J. S. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference

We used caged fish with a cobble – boulder substrate to test the effect of fish size on first-winter survival of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to compare survival of rainbow trout and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and to test for a temperature effect in each experiment. At the warmer site, over 90% of the rainbow trout in the size experiment survived the winter, and there was no significant difference between >90 and <90 mm fish. At the colder site, survival was 60% and all mortality occurred in fish <90 mm. Survival of brook trout (60%) was significantly less than that of rainbow trout (87%) but did not differ between the warmer and colder sites. Brook trout that survived were significantly larger than those that did not. Results suggest that size-dependent mortality may be more likely to occur when environmental conditions are more severe (e.g., lower temperatures, less suitable habitat). Rainbow trout experienced less mortality than brook trout when using cobble – boulder substrate as cover during their first winter; this may be the result of different winter-habitat preferences between the two species.

Episodic flow–duration analysis: a method of assessing toxic exposure of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to episodic increases in aluminum

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. DeWalle ◽  
Bryan R. Swistock ◽  
William E. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Monomeric Species ◽  
Flow Duration ◽  
Dissolved Aluminum ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Flow Duration Curves ◽  
Toxicity Curve

Episodic flow–duration curves were developed that summarize stream flow data by considering the duration of sustained flows at or above specified levels. These curves and relationships between dissolved aluminum concentrations and stream flow were combined for five Appalachian (Pennsylvania) streams to determine the frequency of occurrence of acutely toxic aluminum conditions for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Concentrations of total dissolved aluminum (AlTD) increased with stream flow in all streams, but reached a plateau or decreased during extreme high flows in some streams. AlTD was dominated by inorganic monomeric species in all streams except Benner Run and Baldwin Creek. Episodic AlTD concentrations and durations were compared with a toxicity curve developed using caged wild and hatchery-reared brook trout. Results predicted that lethal episodes occurred on Linn, Stone, and Roberts runs, but not on Benner Run and Baldwin Creek. With the exception of Stone Run, brook trout populations were largest in streams without predicted lethal episodes (Benner Run and Baldwin Creek) and were smallest in streams with predicted lethal episodes (Linn and Roberts runs). This analysis could be adapted for prediction of toxic conditions in streams for other pollutants where toxicity varies with both concentration and duration of exposure.

Changes in a Stream Population of Trout Associated with Increased Silt

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Saunders ◽  
M.W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis

Low standing crops of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were closely associated with silting in Ellerslie Brook, Prince Edward Island, and appeared to result from the destruction of hiding places. Spawning was also curtailed by silting. Following scouring, trout stocks soon increased. The remarkable adaptability of trout to silting, in a habitat with favourable flow and water temperature, was illustrated.

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the duration of hatching, swimming, and copepodid survival of the parasitic copepod Salmincola edwardsii

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Conley ◽  
Mark A. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

We conducted laboratory experiments to test whether various temperature and photoperiod regimes had any effect on the duration of egg hatching, swimming activity, and copepodid survival in the parasitic copepod Salmincola edwardsii, commonly found on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Pairs of egg sacs were removed from adult female copepods; one of each pair was exposed to a different photoperiod than the other, at the same temperature. Experiments were conducted at 8, 12, 16, and 20 °C. Temperature had a significant effect on the duration of copepodid swimming activity and survival, and the onset of egg sac hatching was directly related to increasing water temperature. However, hatching duration and hatching success were not affected by temperature over the range tested. Photoperiod had no effect on hatching duration, hatching success, swimming activity, or copepodid survival. Our findings indicate that S. edwardsii copepodids can swim and survive for more than 2 weeks; much longer than the 2 days customarily reported in the literature. This must be accounted for in the development of strategies to control transmission.

scholarly journals Revised Predictive Model for Successful Introduction of Native Ohio Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Select Streams in Geauga and Lake Counties, Ohio a

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Springer Amey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Selection Factors

 Eight cold-water streams in Lake and Geauga Counties, Ohio were evaluated to develop a revised predictive model to assess future streams for the introduction of threatened native Ohio Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).  A 15-month study was conducted, ending May 2010, in streams where Brook Trout were previously introduced during the years 1997-2002.  Fifty percent of the sixteen original reintroduction streams failed to support the establishment of self-sustaining populations of Brook Trout, indicating there were additional factors contributing to their success and failure.  Of the 8 streams included in this study, 4 streams were designated successful, 2 variable, and 2 failed, in terms of the Brook Trout’s ability to establish self-sustaining populations by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR).  Multivariate statistical methods including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (AHCA) were implemented to determine the most important characteristics in Brook Trout stream selection.  Factors found to be significant for Brook Trout success were stream velocities within the range of 1.4-4.7 cm/s, high hydraulic conductivity of the headwater bedrock aquifer (K>4.7 x 103 cm/s), lighter average δ18O ‰ (-9.8 to -10.4), either high percent canopy cover (40%-55%) or high percent instream cover (18%-37%), a high number of cold-water adapted benthic macroinvertebrate cold-water taxa (10-16 species), yearly average hyporheic water temperature of 4.6°C-17.2°C, average surface water turbidity of 7 to 31 NTU and long-term surface water temperature and dissolved oxygen monitoring over both winter and summer seasons is recommended prior to Brook Trout introduction to ensure their sustainability.

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