Optimizing Water Washing Process for Sunflower Heads before Pectin Extraction

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Q. SHI ◽  
K.C. CHANG ◽  
J.G. SCHWARZ ◽  
D. WIESENBORN ◽  
M.C. SHIH
Keyword(s):  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process

scholarly journals Chlorides Removal and Control through Water-washing Process on MSWI Fly Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongfei Chen ◽  
Yafan Bi ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Jia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mswi Fly Ash ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
And Control

Water washing: a major hydrocarbon alteration process. Part 1—geochemistry

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Lindsay Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Primary Control ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Oil Accumulation ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Alteration Process ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Major Alteration ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Major Hydrocarbon

This paper presents the geochemistry portion of a larger study attempting to better predict hydrocarbon type prior to drilling. The geochemistry indicates that condensate-gas or gas-oil ratios have a predictable relationship with gasoline-range hydrocarbon solubility. The study shows that soluble gasoline-range aromatic compounds such as toluene are significantly depleted in oils compared with gases, whereas more insoluble compounds such as methylcyclohexane are enriched. The review indicates that water-washing in the reservoir is a major alteration process affecting hydrocarbon type and, in extreme cases, can convert a major gas accumulation into a smaller oil accumulation. Source type and maturity have a relationship with the volume of liquids produced, but are not the primary control on the hydrocarbon phase in the reservoir. The water-washing process will also affect carbon dioxide geosequestration projects, particularly where injection into abandoned low GOR oilfields is proposed.

scholarly journals Water washing of axial flow compressors: numerical study on the fate of injected droplets

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 11015
Author(s):  
Giuliano Agati ◽  
Francesca Di Gruttola ◽  
Serena Gabriele ◽  
Domenico Simone ◽  
Paolo Venturini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
The Impact

In turbomachinery applications blade fouling represents a main cause of performance degradation. Among the different techniques currently available, online water washing is one of the most effective in removing deposit from the blades. Since this kind of washing is applied when the machine is close to design conditions, injected droplets are strongly accelerated when they reach the rotor blades and the understanding of their interaction with the blades is not straightforward. Moreover, undesirable phenomena like blades erosion or liquid film formation can occur. The present study aims at assessing droplets dragging from the injection system placed at the compressor inlet till the first stage rotor blades, with a focus on droplets impact locations, on the washing process and the associated risk of erosion. 3D numerical simulations of the whole compressor geometry (up to the first rotor stage) are performed by using Ansys Fluent to account for the asymmetric distribution of the sprays around of the machine struts, IGV and rotor blades. The simulations are carried out by adopting the k-ε realizable turbulence model with standard wall functions, coupled with the discretephase model to track injected droplets motion. Droplets-wall interaction is also accounted for by adopting the Stanton-Rutland model which define a droplet impact outcome depending on the impact conditions. The induced erosion is evaluated by adopting an erosion model previously developed by some of the authors and implemented in Fluent through the use of a User Defined Function (UDF). Two sets of simulations are performed, by considering the rotor still and rotating, representative of off-line and on-line water washing conditions, respectively. In the rotating simulation, the Multiple Reference Frame Model is used. The obtained results demonstrate that the washing process differs substantially between the fixed and the rotating case. Moreover, to quantify the water washing effectiveness and the erosion risk, new indices were introduced and computed for the main components of the machine. These indices can be considered as useful prescriptions in the optimization process of water washing systems.

scholarly journals Development of Purification Process Using Electrocoagulation Technique for Biodiesel Produced via Homogeneous Catalyzed Transesterification Process of Refined Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Rossarin Ampairojanawong ◽  
Ajalaya Boripun ◽  
Sayan Ruankon ◽  
Thanapong Suwanasri ◽  
Tawiwan Kangsadan
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Gravitational Settling ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Refined Palm Oil ◽  
Final Purification

This work is focused on the preliminary development of purification process using electrocoagulation technique for biodiesel produced via homogeneous catalyzed transesterification process of refined palm oil (RPO) to shorten the separation process and reduce the water consumption during the final purification with water-washing process. Biodiesel as Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were produced via transesterification reaction of RPO as feedstock with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide derivative-catalyst at the optimal condition using conventional heating. Electrocoagulation separation process was in-house designed to investigate the effects of electrode configurations such as shapes, distances between electrodes and suitable applied AC high voltages (ranging from 1 to 9 kV) on the separation efficiency of glycerol and biodiesel. Results revealed that with the electrocoagulation process at room temperature using AC electrical current at high voltage of 3 kV (and low amperage) with a point to point electrode configuration and the vertical-distance between electrodes of 3 cm was very efficient and achieved higher free glycerol removal than using the conventional separation of the gravitational settling. Furthermore, the separation time was significantly shortened from typically > 24 h with the gravitational settling to 240 s (4 min) and the number of water-washing was reduced from 5 to 3 times during the final purification process. The final purity of biodiesel was 98.89%±0.25% with high quality according to standards of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Texture on Remediation of Hydrocarbons-Contaminated Soil at El-Minia District, Upper Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Abdel-Moghny ◽  
Ramadan S. A. Mohamed ◽  
E. El-Sayed ◽  
Shoukry Mohammed Aly ◽  
Moustafa Gamal Snousy
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Drinking Water Resources ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Surfactant Flushing

Soils polluted by waste lubricant oils may affect the hydrosphere compromising the quality of drinking water resources and threatening the aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this study focused to remove waste-lubricant oils from different polluted sites in El-Minia governorate. In this respect some samples were collected from four different industrial sites and identified as sand, loamy sand, clay loam and loam. Then the field conditions were simulates using two experimental models packed with contaminated soil. The remediation processes carried out in both models using surfactant enhanced by air injection then by water washing. The parameters such as soil type, soil heterogeneity, time and washing process was investigated. The results indicated that the high efficiency of oil removal is obtained from sand where the clay loam gives the worst results. The results also reveal that, the high flushing and washing duration time can be attributed to the high percentage of mud in some sites over other sites. This means that the performance of surfactant flushing/water washing can be adversely affected by geologic heterogeneity. Finally, it’s suitable to use pressurized liquid technologies in heterogeneous media, but cleanup times will be longer and more difficult than for the other similar homogeneous media.

Destabilization of the Surface Structure of Ni-Rich Layered Materials by Water-Washing Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonte Lee ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Eunkang Lee ◽  
Munhyeok Choi ◽  
Ranjith Thangavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Layered Materials ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process

scholarly journals Chemical Extractive Technique for Commercial Purity Metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Ali Mundher Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Purity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Powders ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Purity Iron ◽  
High Purity Aluminum ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aluminum Flake

Commercial purity iron powders were produced by using a new hydrometallurgy process.  It was found that the most important factor in enhancing the purity of iron was the number of water washing process.  X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the high peak purity of iron powder increased with increasing the number of water washing. The developed new methodology was based on the reaction between the aqueous ferrous sulfate and the hydrochloric acid with the presence of high purity aluminum flake.   The purity of iron powders increased considerably with increasing the multi-water washing for leachate containing iron powders. The purity of iron powders was reached up to approximately 93.5%. The mean particle size distribution and apparent density for the highest value of purity are 50-100 µm and 2.85 g/cm3 respectively.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic enhanced water washing method for extracting sodium fluoride from spent pot lining

2021 ◽  
Vol 2079 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
Yongrong Qi ◽  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Haibin Wang ◽  
Li Peng ◽  
Liting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Leaching Efficiency

Abstract A large amount of spent pot lining (SPL) is produced by cryolite-alumina melting electrolysis process, and the fluoride content in the leaching solution is up to 6000 mg/L, which belongs to hazardous waste. If SPL is not handled effectively, it will cause great harm to the environment. Because the NaF rich in SPL is an important raw material for the synthesis of cryolite by carbonation, this paper uses SPL as the raw material to extract NaF. On the basis of exploring the process conditions of water washing leaching NaF, ultrasonic wave was introduced to enhance mass transfer and the effects of ultrasonic cavitation on water washing process was compared. The results show that ultrasonic waves can effectively shorten the time for water washing to reach equilibrium and further improve the efficiency of NaF leaching. Under the optimal process conditions determined by the experiment, when the ultrasonic power is 400 W, the time for washing to reach equilibrium is shortened from 50 min to 40 min, and the NaF leaching efficiency is increased from 67.25 % to 70.42 %. While improving the leaching efficiency, the water consumption is effectively reduced, and the purity of the recovered product NaF is 96.82 %. This research provides a technical reference for the harmless and low cost leaching of NaF from SPL in the aluminium electrolysis industry.

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