Experimental Evaluation of Recycled Aggregates, Washing Water and Cement Sludge Recovered from Returned Concrete

In this paper, a new innovative technology for the treatment of returned concrete is proposed. This method is based on the application of physical–mechanical processes that allow to obtain new quality products: recycled aggregates, microfiltered water and cement sludge. Specifically, by means of a mechanical system equipped with buffer and Archimedes screws, fine (d < 5 mm) and coarse (d > 5 mm) aggregates are obtained. The water coming from the washing process is sent to a microfiltration process, where a filter membrane separates the liquid phase (microfiltered water) from the solid phase (cement sludge) and no type of potentially toxic additive is added. In this context, this paper investigates the feasibility of using all these components as new raw materials for sustainable concrete production. In particular, according to the requirements imposed by technical standards, an experimental program was developed, aimed at evaluating the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the analyzed materials. The results showed that both recycled aggregates, the microfiltered water and the cement sludge can be used to produce new structural concrete. In particular, it was proven that also the cement sludge, which generally represents the most critical component destined for disposal, can be reused as filler in the partial replacement of sand.

FERRITATIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM CHROMIUM (VI) COMPOUNDS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE ACTIVATION

Issues related to the prospects of implementing the latest technologies aimed at achieving energy efficiency in the field of water supply, resource conservation in material-intensive processes at industrial enterprises and prevention of environmental pollution are considered. A study of ferritative wastewater treatment from chromium compounds, which belong to the first class of danger. The efficiency of thermal and electromagnetic pulse activation of the process is compared. Appropriate experimental setups were developed and the main parameters of the purification process were studied and determined: the ratio of iron (II) and chromium (VI) ions, magnetic field strength, frequency of electromagnetic pulses, ferritization process duration, temperature and pH of the reaction mixture. The expediency of using electromagnetic pulse activation of the reaction mixture by passing electromagnetic pulses through the reaction mixture has been studied and scientifically substantiated. Rational values ​​of the strength and frequency of the electromagnetic field when using this method of activation, which are 0.01 - 0.14 Tl and 1 Hz, respectively, as well as the ratio of concentrations of heavy metal ions Fe2 + / Cr6 + = 10/1 for washing water chrome plating line . It is shown that purified water meets the requirements of category 1 when reused in production. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of ferritization sediments showed that stable crystalline phases, such as chromium ferrites and magnetite, are formed with increasing magnetic field strength. The chemical resistance of sludge allows them to be safely disposed of. It is established that this method of electromagnetic pulse activation is not inferior to thermal, and the technical and economic calculations confirmed a significant reduction in industrial costs in its application

An Epidemiological and Diagnostic Study of Cyclospora Cayetanensis Parasite in Anbar Province - Iraq

This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in humans, animals, and vegetables in Anbar province-Iraq. The parasite was diagnosed by examining the samples microscopically, by examining 560 stool samples (262 males and 298 females) that were collected from patients attending hospitals (Ramadi, Fallujah, and Haditha), and its health centers. The results showed that the total infection rate was 12.1%, and no significant difference was recorded between the infection of both sexes. The highest rate of infection was 25.8% in the age group (1-9) years, with significant differences (P ≤0.05) from the rest of the age groups. The infection rate in the rural was 14.5% higher than in the urban 8.4%. The highest rate was recorded at 41.5% in April and the lowest at 2.5% in November, while the summer months did not record any infections. The study also included an examination of 188 samples of animal feces (48 sheep, 50 cows, 47 goats, and 43 dogs), the parasite was not diagnosed in any of the examined animals. This is the first study in the country to investigate the parasite in goats. The study also included the investigation of the C. cayetanensis parasite in five types of vegetable leaves (garden cress, radish, leek, green onions, and purslane). Where it is observed the presence of Oocyst in vegetables washing water by a percentage (6, 7.8, 7.2, 4.4, and 3.2) Oocyst/liter respectively.

The Chlorine Reduction in Edamame by Water-Ozonated Minimally Process

The objective of this article was to study the effect of washing edamame using ozonated water to reduce residual chlorine contained in edamame through a continuous washing process. Chlorine residue in edamame was caused by the use of fertilizers and pesticides that contain chlorine compounds. The research method used was descriptive explanatory research consist of two treatment levels of ozonation time (0, 10, and 15 minutes) and ozone contact time (0, 12, 18, and 24 minutes) which were repeated twice. The residual chlorine and pesticide concentrations were calculated using the titration method. Based on research results, ozone can reduce chlorine in edamame. The lowest detected chlorine was in edamame which had been washed using ozone water with an ozonation time of 15 minutes with the amount of chlorine reduced by 56%. The longer the contact time, the greater the amount of reduced chlorine and the lower the concentration of ozone remaining in the washing water. Based on the research results, a brief conclusion that can be explained was ozone could reduce chlorine in edamame caused by fertilizer and disinfectant overuse until 50%.

Utilization of Starch Water as Bioethanol using Fermentation Method and Bioactivator with NPK and Urea

Researchers are looking for sustainable alternative fuels that may be utilized as substitutes for petroleum-based materials due to the problem of dwindling petroleum fuels, rising energy demand, and concerns about rising environmental pollution. The solution to this problem is to produce renewable energy. Bioethanol is a product that has a lot of potential in terms of its utility renewable sources of energy In this project, bioethanol will be generated from household waste, namely starch water (rice boiled water), which includes a significant amount of starch and hence has the potential to be used as a raw material for generating bioethanol, as well as reducing household waste, Better still. Fermentation, hydrolysis, neutralization, and distillation are the processes employed in this study. The starch water is used because it has a significant amount of starch (rice cooking water). Because the starch content is not extracted perfectly during the boiling process, it is compared to typical rice washing water. Bioethanol is the end product, and it is intended to be a sustainable energy that will help to solve the energy issue while also reducing and repurposing household trash.

Identity and Antibiogram of Bacterial Isolates from Owerri Modern Abattoir, Imo State, Nigeria

Aim: The identity and antibiogram of bacterial isolates from Owerri modern abattoir in Imo State, Nigeria, was investigated with the aim of determining the bacterial profile of the abattoir and their susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Owerri Modern Abattoir located within Owerri metropolis from June to November, 2020. Methodology: Questionnaires were used to obtain participants’ consent, demographic data and sanitary practices in the abattoir. Samples were taken and bacteriological analysis of the samples done using pour plate method. Disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration were performed after colony counting, identification and characterization of the isolates using standard microbiological and biochemical techniques. Results: Mean viable bacterial counts were generally high with highest counts from contaminated soil (6.13x106CFU/ml) and least from workers hands (1.17x106CFU/ml). Escherichia coli had the highest prevalence (18.0%), with the highest counts from soil (3.10%). Vibrio cholerae recorded the least prevalence (0.62%), and was isolated only from washing water. High resistance to antibiotics was observed. Conclusion: Government authority and the general public are advised to ensure adequate environmental sanitation and proper cooking of meat before consumption in order to mitigate the incidence of infection and antibiotic resistance.

Wastewater Washing Rice With Onion Skin On Growth And Production Of Chillian Plants

Cayenne pepper (C frutescent L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities in general. Chili fruit also contains many nutrients that are needed for human health including protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), vitamins and contain alkaloid compounds such as capsicum, flavonoids, and essential oils (Adhi Santika, 1996). One type of fertilizer that is known to increase soil nutrients is organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer in liquid form is one type of fertilizer that can be an option, in addition to facilitating the absorption of nutrients. Based on the results of laboratory analysis, it is known that the nutrient content contained in liquid organic fertilizer of rice washing water with onion skin does not meet the minimum technical standards under the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 70 of 2011 concerning organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil enhancers. Along with the results of the laboratory analysis, the POC of rice washing water with onion skin did not have a significant effect on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper with concentrations of 50 and 75%.

Comparison of peracetic acid and chlorine effectiveness during fresh-cut vegetables processing at industrial scale

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two sanitizing agents (chlorine and PAA) in reducing (both spoilage and pathogenic) microorganisms and in reducing disinfection by-products ( DBPs) in the washing stage of three types of minimally processed vegetables: Iceberg lettuce, carrots and baby leaves. These fresh-cut products are consumed uncooked and, hence, a proper sanitation is essential in preventing food-borne illness outbreaks. The comparison was done at industrial scale, using equipment already present in the fresh-cut industry and washers designed and manufatured for this purpose. Results showed that, regarding washing water hygiene and final product microbial quality, the use of PAA had a similar efficacy than chlorine. Different scenarios (SCN) combining PAA, chlorine and water have been tested simulating the current industrial processes for each one of the tested vegetables. Overall, results confirmed that the use of a sanitizer, PAA or chlorine, in the washing water of the three tested vegetables is effective for the prevention of cross-contamination during the washing process and hence, to guarantee produce food safety. Regarding final product microbiological quality and shelf life, the use of chlorine or PAA showed no significant differences in lettuces neither in baby leaves. Regarging the potential formation of chlorinated DBPs in processing water, they were found not in significant amounts when washing water was treated with PAA in all scenarios and vegetables tested. Washing with 80 mg/L chlorine generated important amounts of THMs, chlorates and chlorites. While chlorates and chlorites were always below the recommended levels or legal limits established for drinking water, THMs exceeded these legal limits . With respect to perchlorates, values were below the quantification limit in all SCNs. Results obtained in the present study show that PAA is a reliable alternative to chlorine disinfection strategies in the fresh-cut industry.