scholarly journals Responses of invertebrate trophic level, feeding guild and body size to the management of improved grassland field margins

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Woodcock ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
Thomas Tscheulin ◽  
Emma Pilgrim ◽  
Alex J. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Feeding Guild

The relationship between trophic level and body size in fishes depends on functional traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich W. Keppeler ◽  
Carmen G. Montaña ◽  
Kirk O. Winemiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Examining predator–prey body size, trophic level and body mass across marine and terrestrial mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20142103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlee A. Tucker ◽  
Tracey L. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals

Predator–prey relationships and trophic levels are indicators of community structure, and are important for monitoring ecosystem changes. Mammals colonized the marine environment on seven separate occasions, which resulted in differences in species' physiology, morphology and behaviour. It is likely that these changes have had a major effect upon predator–prey relationships and trophic position; however, the effect of environment is yet to be clarified. We compiled a dataset, based on the literature, to explore the relationship between body mass, trophic level and predator–prey ratio across terrestrial ( n = 51) and marine ( n = 56) mammals. We did not find the expected positive relationship between trophic level and body mass, but we did find that marine carnivores sit 1.3 trophic levels higher than terrestrial carnivores. Also, marine mammals are largely carnivorous and have significantly larger predator–prey ratios compared with their terrestrial counterparts. We propose that primary productivity, and its availability, is important for mammalian trophic structure and body size. Also, energy flow and community structure in the marine environment are influenced by differences in energy efficiency and increased food web stability. Enhancing our knowledge of feeding ecology in mammals has the potential to provide insights into the structure and functioning of marine and terrestrial communities.

Body size, trophic level, and the use of fish as transmission routes by parasites

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poulin ◽  
T. L. F. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level

Pollinator communities in strawberry crops – variation at multiple spatial scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Ahrenfeldt ◽  
B.K. Klatt ◽  
J. Arildsen ◽  
N. Trandem ◽  
G.K.S. Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Bee Diversity

AbstractPredicting potential pollination services of wild bees in crops requires knowledge of their spatial distribution within fields. Field margins can serve as nesting and foraging habitats for wild bees and can be a source of pollinators. Regional differences in pollinator community composition may affect this spill-over of bees. We studied how regional and local differences affect the spatial distribution of wild bee species richness, activity-density and body size in crop fields. We sampled bees both from the field centre and at two different types of semi-natural field margins, grass strips and hedges, in 12 strawberry fields. The fields were distributed over four regions in Northern Europe, representing an almost 1100 km long north-south gradient. Even over this gradient, daytime temperatures during sampling did not differ significantly between regions and did therefore probably not impact bee activity. Bee species richness was higher in field margins compared with field centres independent of field size. However, there was no difference between centre and margin in body-size or activity-density. In contrast, bee activity-density increased towards the southern regions, whereas the mean body size increased towards the north. In conclusion, our study revealed a general pattern across European regions of bee diversity, but not activity-density, declining towards the field interior which suggests that the benefits of functional diversity of pollinators may be difficult to achieve through spill-over effects from margins to crop. We also identified dissimilar regional patterns in bee diversity and activity-density, which should be taken into account in conservation management.

scholarly journals Diet shifts of Rhizoprionodon terraenovae from the southern Gulf of Mexico: possible scenario by temperature changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-420
Author(s):  
Javier E. Viana-Morayta ◽  
Yassir E. Torres-Rojas ◽  
Jaime Camalich-Carpizo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico

The current study examined the stomach contents of the Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico during 2015 to understand the relationship between diet and changes in sea surface temperature (SST). Prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI), diet breadth (Bi), trophic level (TrL), and trophic overlap (PERMANOVA) were calculated between sexes, body size, and climatic seasons (dry, rainy and winter storm). The lowest temperature recorded in the area was during February (23.9°C), and the highest was during August (29.1°C). A total of 124 stomachs were analyzed, with 54.84% containing food. The trophic spectrum was composed of 32 identified prey, with demersal fish (Haemulon plumierii; %PSIRI = 22.82) and pelagic fish (Sardinella aurita; %PSIRI = 12.83) being the most important. According to the diet breadth (Bi = 0.002), Costello's graph, and trophic level (TrL = 4.2), R. terraenovae is a specialist tertiary consumer. PERMANOVA indicated significant trophic differences between sexes (F = 32.22; P < 0.05), body size (F = 13.68; P < 0.05), and among climatic seasons (F = 23.86; P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation indicated a negative relationship between the diversity of prey consumed by R. terraenovae and sea surface temperature (r = -0.75; P < 0.05). Therefore, diet for R. terraenovae is associated with SST, allowing for the development of possible scenarios related to climatic phenomena like climate change.

Heavy metal content of forest litter arthropods as related to body-size and trophic level

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico M. van Straalen ◽  
Joke van Wensem
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Heavy Metal Content

Weak cross-species relationships between body size and trophic level belie powerful size-based trophic structuring in fish communities

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings ◽  
John K. Pinnegar ◽  
Nicholas V. C. Polunin ◽  
Trevor W. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Species Relationships

Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: Grassy field margins and semi-natural fragments both foster spider diversity and body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 107457
Author(s):  
Eva Plath ◽  
Tamara Rischen ◽  
Tobias Mohr ◽  
Klaus Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Field Margins

Long-term dynamics of Chernobyl 137Cs in freshwater fish: quantifying the effect of body size and trophic level

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sundbom ◽  
Markus Meili ◽  
Evert Andersson ◽  
Mikael Östlund ◽  
Anders Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Trophic Level

An Allometric Model for Pesticide Bioaccumulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Griesbach ◽  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Sami Youakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Operational Approach ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Qualitative Similarity

A combination of the frequency distribution of body sizes and appropriate allometric relationships may permit a more operational approach to pesticide bioaccumulation than the more traditional trophic level concept. To demonstrate this potential, we describe patterns of bioaccumulation as functions of time and body size in a computer ecosystem in which no differences in trophic level exist. The qualitative similarity between these patterns and those reported in the literature from laboratory and field experiments suggests that empirical relations describing contaminant fluxes as functions of body weight could form a powerful base for the prediction of contaminant body burden in natural systems. We believe this approach could prove useful for any persistent contaminant with high biological affinity.Key words: modeling, bioaccumulation, ecological magnification, allometry, body size

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