Body size, trophic level, and the use of fish as transmission routes by parasites

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poulin ◽  
T. L. F. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level

The relationship between trophic level and body size in fishes depends on functional traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich W. Keppeler ◽  
Carmen G. Montaña ◽  
Kirk O. Winemiller
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Examining predator–prey body size, trophic level and body mass across marine and terrestrial mammals

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1797) ◽  
pp. 20142103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlee A. Tucker ◽  
Tracey L. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals

Predator–prey relationships and trophic levels are indicators of community structure, and are important for monitoring ecosystem changes. Mammals colonized the marine environment on seven separate occasions, which resulted in differences in species' physiology, morphology and behaviour. It is likely that these changes have had a major effect upon predator–prey relationships and trophic position; however, the effect of environment is yet to be clarified. We compiled a dataset, based on the literature, to explore the relationship between body mass, trophic level and predator–prey ratio across terrestrial ( n = 51) and marine ( n = 56) mammals. We did not find the expected positive relationship between trophic level and body mass, but we did find that marine carnivores sit 1.3 trophic levels higher than terrestrial carnivores. Also, marine mammals are largely carnivorous and have significantly larger predator–prey ratios compared with their terrestrial counterparts. We propose that primary productivity, and its availability, is important for mammalian trophic structure and body size. Also, energy flow and community structure in the marine environment are influenced by differences in energy efficiency and increased food web stability. Enhancing our knowledge of feeding ecology in mammals has the potential to provide insights into the structure and functioning of marine and terrestrial communities.

scholarly journals Diet shifts of Rhizoprionodon terraenovae from the southern Gulf of Mexico: possible scenario by temperature changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-420
Author(s):  
Javier E. Viana-Morayta ◽  
Yassir E. Torres-Rojas ◽  
Jaime Camalich-Carpizo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Diet Breadth ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico

The current study examined the stomach contents of the Atlantic sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico during 2015 to understand the relationship between diet and changes in sea surface temperature (SST). Prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI), diet breadth (Bi), trophic level (TrL), and trophic overlap (PERMANOVA) were calculated between sexes, body size, and climatic seasons (dry, rainy and winter storm). The lowest temperature recorded in the area was during February (23.9°C), and the highest was during August (29.1°C). A total of 124 stomachs were analyzed, with 54.84% containing food. The trophic spectrum was composed of 32 identified prey, with demersal fish (Haemulon plumierii; %PSIRI = 22.82) and pelagic fish (Sardinella aurita; %PSIRI = 12.83) being the most important. According to the diet breadth (Bi = 0.002), Costello's graph, and trophic level (TrL = 4.2), R. terraenovae is a specialist tertiary consumer. PERMANOVA indicated significant trophic differences between sexes (F = 32.22; P < 0.05), body size (F = 13.68; P < 0.05), and among climatic seasons (F = 23.86; P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation indicated a negative relationship between the diversity of prey consumed by R. terraenovae and sea surface temperature (r = -0.75; P < 0.05). Therefore, diet for R. terraenovae is associated with SST, allowing for the development of possible scenarios related to climatic phenomena like climate change.

Heavy metal content of forest litter arthropods as related to body-size and trophic level

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico M. van Straalen ◽  
Joke van Wensem
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Heavy Metal Content

Weak cross-species relationships between body size and trophic level belie powerful size-based trophic structuring in fish communities

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings ◽  
John K. Pinnegar ◽  
Nicholas V. C. Polunin ◽  
Trevor W. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
Species Relationships

Long-term dynamics of Chernobyl 137Cs in freshwater fish: quantifying the effect of body size and trophic level

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Sundbom ◽  
Markus Meili ◽  
Evert Andersson ◽  
Mikael Östlund ◽  
Anders Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Trophic Level

An Allometric Model for Pesticide Bioaccumulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Griesbach ◽  
Robert Henry Peters ◽  
Sami Youakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Operational Approach ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Qualitative Similarity

A combination of the frequency distribution of body sizes and appropriate allometric relationships may permit a more operational approach to pesticide bioaccumulation than the more traditional trophic level concept. To demonstrate this potential, we describe patterns of bioaccumulation as functions of time and body size in a computer ecosystem in which no differences in trophic level exist. The qualitative similarity between these patterns and those reported in the literature from laboratory and field experiments suggests that empirical relations describing contaminant fluxes as functions of body weight could form a powerful base for the prediction of contaminant body burden in natural systems. We believe this approach could prove useful for any persistent contaminant with high biological affinity.Key words: modeling, bioaccumulation, ecological magnification, allometry, body size

scholarly journals Responses of invertebrate trophic level, feeding guild and body size to the management of improved grassland field margins

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 920-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Woodcock ◽  
Simon G. Potts ◽  
Thomas Tscheulin ◽  
Emma Pilgrim ◽  
Alex J. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Feeding Guild

scholarly journals Biomass of a trophic level increases with maximum body size, but less than proportionally

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique C. Giacomini
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maximum Body ◽  
Maximum Body Size

A recent paper by Enquist and colleagues1 took a very important step in predicting the ecosystemic effects of species losses on a global scale. Using Metabolic Scaling Theory (MST), they concluded that large-sized species contribute disproportionately to several ecosystem functions. One of their key predictions is that total biomass of animals in a trophic level (MTot, using their notation) should increase more than proportionally with its maximum body size (mmax), following the relationship MTot ∝ mmax5/4. Here I argue that this superlinear scaling results from an incorrect representation of the individual size distribution and that the exponent should be 1/4, implying a sublinear scaling. The same reasoning applies to total energy flux or metabolism BTot, which should be invariant to maximum size according to the energetic equivalence and perfect compensatory responses entailed by MST.

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