Fatal voluntary salt intake resulting in the highest ever documented sodium plasma level in adults (255 mmol L-1): a disorder linked to female gender and psychiatric disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ofran ◽  
D. Lavi ◽  
D. Opher ◽  
T. A. Weiss ◽  
E. Elinav
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sodium Plasma

scholarly journals Interest of Fluvoxamine as an Add-on to Clozapine in Children With Severe Psychiatric Disorder According to CYPs Polymorphisms: Experience From a Case Series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille BEREL ◽  
Ulysse RIOT MOSSE ◽  
Julien Wils ◽  
Lauriane Cousin ◽  
Laurent Imbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Enzymatic Inhibitor ◽  
Cyp Inhibitors

Abstract BackgroundDespite its drastic efficacy in resistant psychiatric disorders, clozapine remains rarely used in youth due to its side effects. Clozapine plasma level is determined through its metabolism involving several isoforms of cytochromes 450 (CYP450) family. Isoform CYP1A2 appears as a limiting enzyme involved in the metabolism of clozapine while isoforms 2C19, 2D6, 3A4 and 3A5 also contribute in a minor way. Clozapine efficacy is limited by a significant inter-patient variability in exposure according to CYP’s polymorphisms. Clozapine plasma levels may be increased with CYP inhibitors such as fluvoxamine. This drug is a potent enzymatic inhibitor of CYP1A2 and to a lesser extent of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Hence, in case of CYPs polymorphisms in youth, the use of fluvoxamine as add on to clozapine could help reaching clinical and biological efficacy and allowing lower clozapine dosage and a better tolerance profile, as it has already been described in adults.Case ReportWe report four pediatric cases with severe psychiatric disorders underlying our experience with CYPs polymorphism explorations and the use of fluvoxamine as add on to clozapine. Our four patients clinically improved after the introduction of fluvoxamine, enhancing clozapine metabolism and therefore clozapine plasma level within therapeutic range. Despite the interesting results of fluvoxamine, we report a severe issue of tolerance for one patient, emphasizing the need for caution regarding possible drugs interactions when fluvoxamine is considered. Hence, we propose a detailed step by step multidisciplinary protocol.ConlusionThe results pointed out the positive clinical effects of fluvoxamine as add-on to clozapine in youth with severe neurodevelopmental disorders but stresses the need for caution regarding drugs interactions.

Psychiatric disorders after an accident: Predictors and the influence of the psychiatric condition prior to an accident

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Wrenger ◽  
Corinna Lange ◽  
Martin Langer ◽  
Gereon Heuft ◽  
Markus Burgmer
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Axis I Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Predictor Model ◽  
Set Up

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study is to assess prevalence and incidence of psychiatric sequelae in a sample of inpatient accident survivors. Such an attempt to assess psychiatric conditions that originate due to an accident seems to be important; this does not include psychiatric conditions already present prior to the accident.Method208 accident victims were consecutively examined over a period of 12 months using DSM-IV diagnostic assessment, CAPS, and self-evaluating questionnaires as well as ISS for injury severity. A predictor model for psychiatric disorders was set up.ResultsIncidence of newly developed Axis I disorders in our sample was 14.2% (6 months) and 12.3% (12 months). Incidence of PTSD was 5.9% (6 months) and 2.5% (12 months). Comorbidity was a general phenomenon. The psychiatric condition prior to the accident could be identified as a predictor for the development of Axis I disorders. The subjectively evaluated intensity of experienced threat to life and female gender were the main predictors for the development of PTSD.ConclusionsAccidents can lead to different psychiatric disorders. PTSD as a single diagnosis is rare. Without taking into account pre-existing disorders, the incidence may be overestimated. Two predictor models for the development of PTSD and other mental disorders are presented.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Migraine in a Tertiary Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Jai Bahadur Khattri ◽  
Anil Subedi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Background: Psychiatric disorders are common in the migraine patients and affect the quality of the life of the individual. The objective of the study was to study the different psychiatric comorbidities and its relationship in migraine patients. Methods: This was hospital based cross-sectional study. Seventy patients attending psychiatric outpatient department of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara with a diagnosis of migraine headache were included. The proforma was used to record socio-demographic variables. The patients were administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to find out the comorbid psychiatric disorder. Results: The migraine was found more in the age group between 26 to 35 years, female gender and in the Brahmin caste. The migraine was also noticed to be higher in the homemakers, higher secondary educated and middle class patients and the patients living in the urban area. The comorbid psychiatric illness was found in 38 cases (54.3%) among which mild depressive disorder was the most common diagnosis (14.3%). The patients of migraine with aura had high risk of developing the psychiatric comorbidities as compared to the patients without aura (Odds Ratio = 1.22), although this relationship was insignificant (p value = 0.7688).Conclusions: Mild depressive episode was the most common comorbid psychiatric condition. Migraine with aura have high risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities.Keywords: Anxiety; comorbidities; depression; migraine headache; psychiatric disorders; psychiatric symptoms

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Elderly In-Patients in Non-Psychiatric Wards of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
M A Amedu ◽  
O Baiyewu ◽  
A J Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Self Reporting Questionnaire

The population of the elderly is increasing globally with enormous challenges particularly in developing countries. Aging increases the risk for both physical and psychiatric disorders with psychiatric disorders often unrecognized in non-psychiatric settings. This presents huge costs to both patient and society. The study aimed at estimating the rate of psychiatric morbidity in non-psychiatric wards of a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. One hundred and forty (140) subjects were recruited into this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were initially screened using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after administering the Socio-demographic questionnaire. Subjects scoring >5 in the SRQ and or ≤13 in the Modified MMSE were then further interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). Clinical Psychiatric diagnosis was also made based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria from all information available and later compared with GMS diagnoses. Mean age of participants was 67.5, SD ±6.4. The rate of psychiatric morbidity using ICD-10 diagnosis was 47.9% with depression being the commonest disorder (18.6%) followed by delirium (17.1%) and dementia (10.7%). Depression and anxiety disorders were particularly under-recognized by non-psychiatric doctors. Identified risk factors for psychiatric morbidity included female gender, low socioeconomic status, low educational level and presence of multiple medical diagnoses. The rate of psychiatric morbidity among elderly in-patients in non-psychiatric settings has remained high in comparison to previous studies with huge gaps in recognition and treatment reflecting the need for more collaboration between medical teams.

scholarly journals Interest of Fluvoxamine as an Add-On to Clozapine in Children With Severe Psychiatric Disorder According to CYP Polymorphisms: Experience From a Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Berel ◽  
Ulysse Mossé ◽  
Julien Wils ◽  
Lauriane Cousin ◽  
Laurent Imbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Case Series ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Enzymatic Inhibitor ◽  
Cyp Inhibitors

Despite its drastic efficacy in resistant psychiatric disorders, clozapine remains rarely used in youth due to its side effects. Clozapine plasma level is determined through its metabolism involving several isoforms of cytochromes 450 (CYP450) family. Isoform CYP1A2 appears as a limiting enzyme involved in the metabolism of clozapine, while isoforms 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and 3A5 also contribute in a minor way. Clozapine efficacy is limited by a significant inter-patient variability in exposure according to CYP's polymorphisms. Clozapine plasma levels may be increased with CYP inhibitors such as fluvoxamine. This drug is a potent enzymatic inhibitor of CYP1A2 and, to a lesser extent, of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Hence, in case of CYP's polymorphisms in youth, the use of fluvoxamine as add-on to clozapine could help in reaching clinical and biological efficacy and allowing lower clozapine dosage and a better tolerance profile as it has already been described in adults. We report four pediatric cases with severe psychiatric disorders underlying our experience with CYP polymorphism explorations and the use of fluvoxamine as add-on to clozapine. Our four patients clinically improved after the introduction of fluvoxamine, enhancing clozapine metabolism and therefore the clozapine plasma level within therapeutic range. Despite the interesting results of fluvoxamine, we report a severe issue of tolerance for one patient, emphasizing the need for caution regarding possible drug interactions when fluvoxamine is considered. Hence, we propose a detailed step-by-step multidisciplinary protocol.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE CONTROL AND RUMINATION IN PREDICTING DEPRESSION AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH INTERNALIZING DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Jandrić ◽  
Ana Kurtović ◽  
Vlatka Kovač ◽  
Domagoj Benić ◽  
Stanislav Rogulja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Given the high prevalence of internalizing disorders among adolescents, it is necessary to define the factors affecting the development and course of psychopathology. Nolen Hoeksema demonstrated the effect of rumination on the development of various forms of psychopathology in adults, while recent data suggest that cognitive control may be a factor underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between cognitive control impairments and symptoms of depression through rumination in adolescents suffering from internalizing psychiatric disorders.Subjects and methods: The study included 100 adolescents of both genders diagnosed with internalizing psychiatric disorders at the Unit for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at University Hospital Center Osijek. During psychodiagnostic assessment, subjects completed Youth self report, CANTAB Intra-dimensional/extra-dimensional (IED) task, The Ruminative Response Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II.Results: The results indicate a clinically significant level of internalizing symptoms and a clinically and subclinically high level of depressive symptoms. The results also show a high positive correlation between internalizing symptoms, rumination, and depressive symptoms, as well as a positive correlation between female gender and internalizing symptoms, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Significant predictors of depression are female gender and rumination while cognitive control has not been detected as a significant predictor.Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize the importance of rumination in the prediction of depressive symptoms in internalizing psychiatric disorders among adolescents and, accordingly, the importance of rumination as a clinical variable in terms of implications in the prevention and treatment of internalizing psychopathology.

scholarly journals Military deployment to the Gulf War as a risk factor for psychiatric illness among US troops

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Fiedler ◽  
Gozde Ozakinci ◽  
William Hallman ◽  
Daniel Wartenberg ◽  
Noel T. Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Gulf War Veterans ◽  
Axis I

BackgroundSeveral studies document an excess of psychiatric symptoms among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. However, little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in those who were deployed to that conflict.AimsTo compare the 12-month prevalence and associated risk factors for DSM Axis I psychiatric diagnoses between random samples of Gulf War-deployed veterans and veterans of the same era notdeployed to the Persian Gulf (era veterans).MethodInterview data from 967 Gulf War veterans and 784 era veterans were examined to determine current health status, medical conditions, symptoms and Axis I psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression models evaluated risk factors for psychiatric disorder.ResultsGulf War veterans had a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses, with twice the prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression. Lower rank, female gender and divorced or single marital status were significant independent predictors of psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsDeployment to the Gulf War is associated with a range of mental health outcomes more than 10 years after deployment.

What's in a model? Network models as tools instead of representations of what psychiatric disorders really are

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. van Loo ◽  
Jan-Willem Romeijn
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Model Network

AbstractNetwork models block reductionism about psychiatric disorders only if models are interpreted in a realist manner – that is, taken to represent “what psychiatric disorders really are.” A flexible and more instrumentalist view of models is needed to improve our understanding of the heterogeneity and multifactorial character of psychiatric disorders.

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